فصلنامه راهور
پیاپی 3 (پاییز 1387)

Today, there are so many hidden but important reasons for driving accidents and one of them is dazzlement of the eye. This phenomena which often occurs at night in two-way roads, occurs in an instant; conqquer the sight and mind of the driver; mislead him toward the light and… In this study, we try to explain the scientific definition of dazzlement and their related main definition, dazzlement causes and its effect on night sight of vision, drivers’ behhaviour, fatigue and accidents will be discussed properly. Then, we define solutions to decrease and eliminate its effect, specially from road safety engineering point of view, and finally, we will explain the role of education to prevent dazzling of drivers.

Today, so many research activities have been done, due to the importance of use of auttomatic vehicle identification systems. So, various technologies originate to identify vehhicle, among them, RFID and image process have unique place in smart vehicle identificcation system, due to appropriate capability and making use of modern technologies. Besides the unique features of above methods, each of them have some obvious faults. In this study, we try to suggest a compound method, making use of advantages of these two methods (RFID – image process) in order to cover the faults of one method by advantage of the other method. The main goal of this study is to investigate and present a general structure for a compound smart identification of vehicle method, use of those two methoods, and have a higher accuracy by eliminating the faults. The purpose of this compound method, is to eliminate and cover the faults of each method, making use of advantages of other methods. Elimination of wornout vehicles of transportation systems of Iran, on 2000, is introduced. According to the first programs, during five years, about 600/000 to 700/000 wornout vehhicles should be eliminated. In Iran, there are two kinds of correction systems. In number one system, the last owner, introduce the vehicle to the authorized centers and this vehhicle eliminates, wreckers buy the vehicle from the last owner and its usable components recover and sell. Finally, other useless components bury. Environmental items are not observed in this method. In number two system, the last owner introduces the vehicle to the manufacturers and gives some money and a new vehicle and facility instead of it. Two great manufacturers of Iran, “saipa and Iran khodro”, use this method. The last systtem, start it’s work to collect wornout vehicles and correction procedures is not applied yet.

Protection devices are equipments which are installed in routes to prevent vehicles exit their main route and increase pedestrians and passenger’s safety, because of direct contact of cyclist’s body in contact with protection fences, there is the possibility of increasing danger for these vulnerable users, due to the selection and use of improper protection devices. So, in this study, we discuss about the role of protection type and according to these studiies, we introduce the safest type of protection fence for users.

Urban traffic control is one of problems that make to buy expert’s idea and yet there is many unknown tips about it. Bytheway the thing that make attractive is its specification from traffic network modeling idea that includes anisotropic elements. In first step the models of traffic Network must be have the ability of explain the human society behaviiour. Explain of these behaviour has complex and attractive things. In this essay used from traffic collected data by the SCATS software in on of intersection in Mashhad for 6 month after accounting of traffic heaviness parameter and classifying data on the window’s time. 3 second at the and in bases of output of traffic times, several Bizin Network taught coinccidentally and for examining used from it in Network that has very good results.

Today, urban traffic control and public transportation services are important concerns of urban management and most of the world’s big cities deal with it. The difficulties of solving this problem increase, together with increasing the number of personal vehicles and existing limitations to construct new routes, and its effects cause so many problems for residents of big cities as increasing inner-city trip time, every day wasting time, mental pressures due to long-term traffic congestion and also, air pollution. Unfortunately, the depth of gravity of this problem, is high and air pollution in big cities causes the increase of this concerning fact; regional changes of weather on earth. So, some developed countries of America, Europe and also, some countries of southeast Asia, collect some long-term programs for their huge cities to encounter with this phenomena through development of public transportation network. In this program, we try to decrease tendency to have a trip with personal vehicles, while increasing public transportation devices and making use of modern methods to control traffic, making false organization and performing electronic business methods. Here, the important point is paying attention to information technoloogy role for gaining success in applying these programs.

The concept of education in general has been a major consideration in all communities. Education is a means aimed at development and growth of mankind. Its main goal is to set a learning style for the learner and a mutual interaction between the teacher and the learner. Education is one of the key aspects of the traffic triangle, forming its principles. The principle of education in traffic necessitates a wide domain of instructions, including classsical training from kinder-garden, elementary school, etc., training of traffic regulations through media; and professional training like those for road-users (motorists, passengers, pedestrians, etc.) In this research, regarding the potential danger for children and necessity of behavior modification for safety maintenance at this age, several subjects have been considered in relation to the role of education and culture. The statistical community consists of 66 persons in pre-elementary schools in Tehran, divided into two groups of 33. The statistical methods used in 22 districts of Tehran were cluster¬like, random and multi level. The questionnaire has 2 parts; behavioral observation and researcher interview. Data processing has been used by means of statistical test (T) for < integrated groups. At first a primary test was given to both groups, regarding their level of knowledge, compprehension and traffic behavior. Then the trial group was mediated by training. Traffic regulations related to this age were used in training programs, and the control group found its way to second stage of the test with no training. Then the second group was confronted with the secondary test with the same questions. The results are shown below using analogical and descriptive statistical 1. Educating children regarding possible dangers of traffic, have direct and positive efffect.2. Educating and modifying traffic behavior in children had direct and positive effect.3. Educations had direct and positive effect on promoting the children>s conception of traffic regulations.

Leveled intersections are areas with the most incidents, most fuel usage, and most ecollogical pollution. Today, it is necessary to convert leveled intersection to interchanges, regarding expanding the cities, increasing vehicles and to decrease traffic problems. Sellecting the interchange type for a specific area is very complex and is depending on factors such as traffic type, intersection position, topography situation, needed limit to construct, ecological and economical concerns. Here, in this study, after introduction of interchanges’ types and comparison of their functtions, we present a pattern to select interchanges’ types for inner and outer city routes. At inner city routes it is difficult to select, because of complexities and unwished problems such as lack of needed limits,… but at outer city routes it is easy to select, due to the traffic type and speed of collision parts. Finally, guiding interchanges are the best psychologiccally, but have the most cost to construct. Complete clover interchange is the best choice to connect freeways, but it is important to consider interferential area. Urban single spot interchange can also be the first choice for urban areas, specially where there is one main and other minor route. Lozenge interchange can be a choice for urban areas, due need to a few construction limit, but it is important to consider left-turn movements in this interchange.

Complete and accurate statistics, is the prerequisite to all traffic safety studies. The importtance of registration of accident information and statistics is so high that social economic commission of Asia-Oceania (related to the united nations), classify the registration and process system of accident information as the second priority among 13 solutions of increasing traffic safety. So, the more completed information collected in accident scene and more accurate its proccess, the more accurate recognition of accident reasons and so, more effective programs use to reduce accidents and increase safety. Studies show computerized accident registration forms have some faults, but because of possible problems of replacing this new form with the present form to approve, we suggest some questions to add to this form, in order to eliminate the faults of the present form, after investigating it.

Today, huge cities use intelligent transportation systems in order be enjoy systematic management of traffic flow in huge cities and overcome the problems of transportation. These systems increase efficiency of transportation network and are useful for managers and citizens. In this study, we explain its definition and its benefits, also necessity of its use studies in Ahwaz, and the importance of its application will be explained. Then, we define the limitations of this study in Ahwaz and classify the network and its problems. Finally, we describe the necessary services for Ahwaz, according to these information and use of its to decrease traffic, delay, accident and pollution.

More than 94 years passed from the establishment of the first traffic light in America, and after that, so many methods have invented to control traffic lights in the best way. Despite extra features of intelligent systems in intersection management and control, today many intersections use variable timer traffic lights and officer commands different times in diffferent hours of the day, due to the need to wide studies and access to complex technology and spend much money, but this is done according to test & mistake method and personal judgement, and maybe, selection toward police control, increase traffic, pollution and fuel usage and also, increase total trip time and awaiting time of pedestrians. On the other hand, previous studies are only about determining the best time of traffic light and don’t consider accident risk. So, in this study, we suggest a model by combining probability density function and negative division and use of the meaning of gravity mobile averaage method, to reduce accident risk and determine the best time of traffic light. In use of this model, in traffic light of khaje Abdollah st. and Abouzar st. intersection in north of seidkhandan bridge, time of red light decreases to 40s from 45s, to reduce lost time and also, reduce accident risk lower than 5%.

Today in developed countries new technologies, namely GPS have been considered in military, business, marine, aerial and general carriers. In ground transportation system, GPS has been applied for fleeting and transition of vehicles and exactly locating them. Global positioning system is not of much use alone and should be applied in corporation with other electrical and communicational equipments. GPS has been used in two ways, online and offline. In transportation system GPS has been used among governmental organizations, especially in police. In this paper the researcher has considered the effect of offline GPS on buses which has been applied by police in the country. In this paper descriptive research method and descriptive and deductive analysis method have been used. Results have been gained by studying the documents and records of transgression and accidents from a two similar time periods after and before applying the GPS.