فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگی اجتماعی خراسان
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 14، پاییز و زمستان 1388)

Dialectology is a practical branch of linguistics, which aims to scientifically collect and describe dialects. Reviewing and describing the Ghaeni dialect not only preserves this dialect and the culture of the people of this region but it could also help understand the difficulties in ancient Persian texts. Because this dialect and generally all other dialects in the Khorasan region are the continuation of 4th, 5th, and 6th century Persian. The language of the Ghaeni people was close to that of Herat which is an indication of national identity perseverance. In some villages in Ghaen dialects are very close to Pahlavi language. This paper has tried to briefly acquaint the readers with the city of Ghaen and review some syntactic and phonetic characteristics of this dialect. Past, present and future tenses are discussed in addition to phonetic changes in some words. Seventeen types of verbs were used for the past tens, three for present and six for the future. The transitive and intransitive form of each are described thoroughly and we will see that some tenses have been totally abandoned in contemporary Persian. This paper hopes to take though a small step in protecting the identity and authenticity of this dialect.

The development and promotion of cultural issues or in modern terms "education" in Iran has a longstanding history. Signs of this history could be tracked in ancient Persian texts like Avesta, ancient inscriptions, and other prose or poetry remaining from ancient times. Even though these scientific bases were the targets of many attacks by different groups looting enormous parts of intellectual and cultural manifestations of this country; but there were always caring people who have tried to prepare the path of intellectuality and culture and add to its popularity and prosperity. After the establishment of "Dar-ol-Fonoon" in 1268 AH. Efforts were made to establish other schools around Iran. The first efforts made by Mirza Hasan Tabrizi known as Roshdiye in 1313 AH. to establish modern schools in Urmia and Tabriz were unsuccessful due to the negative perceptions of people about modern schools. However, he finally established a modern school in 1315 AH. Eleven years after that Ibrahim Khan Shokatol Molk Alam, thought of establishing a modern school named Shokatiye in Birjand but because of indifference and opposition by the people his plan was not welcomed as he hoped it would be. Evidence shows that two years after the establishment of the school Sheikh Mohammad Bagher Gazari and Sheikh Hadi Hadavi sent their children to Shokatiye and monitored the curriculum and exams of the school themselves. This action created a better picture of the school among the people and people from near or far away towns and villages started sending their children to Shokatiye as well. This article tries to introduce some of the characteristics of contemporary scholars and their role in promoting the Shokatiye school.

Humans are new sources of wealth generation if they are considered as human capital. The concept of human capital implies that people invest in themselves. Human capital states that human characteristics are a type of capital, because these characteristics can turn into more sources of revenue with more satisfaction. The base of the human capital concept lays in the fact that income differences are because of differences in productivity levels. Now a days, the human capital theory is amongst the most important theories in income distribution, and since we are in an era when lagging behind in science and technology is considered a type of retreat for a society, we therefore have to re-engineer, compensate the drawbacks and finally update our cultural management style.

The body as a social and cultural element in the human society has become an internal concept, and during the last few years, terms like "Body rotation" and "lived body" have found great importance in the sociological thinking and turned this concept into an "acquired, culturalizable, and socializable" phenomenon. A religious approach has guided the body to divine teachings and a psychological approach has placed the body in the opposite position from the mind, which is the eye. The psychological approach pays attention to the personal standards of the body while the social and cultural approach focuses on sociological, anthropological, and structural dimensions of the body. The feminist and post structural approaches also pay attention to the conflict between the male and the female body, body as an object, body language, and epistemology. Marcel Moss focused on natural behaviors and cultural control of the body, while Goffman focused on body symbols, the management of the body, and the symbolic interaction of the body. Others like Turner, Foucault, Douglas and Elias focused on the differentiation of the modern human behavior to its body and the discourse analysis of knowledge and obedient bodies, body as a social narrative and the process of civilization seeking by the body which has played a great role in controlling and disciplining the body and its behavior. The phenomenon of body is socialized by social beliefs stemming from childhood and has two symbolic forms the physical body and the social body. Body imaging is that part of the socializing process in which the body of the person is affected by the values and norms ruling the family, culture, and the society. According to consumption sociology the mutual relation between the body and the society has to be analyzed, this is what the western world wants in order to democratize people's body. In this century, the body has found a commodity face in mass media and commercials, this commodity face is shaped according to the feminine and masculine approach.

A social phenomenon, which has dramatically developed and influenced individuals in recent years, is sports. Media can play a great role in promoting sports. The educational system also has the most important responsibility in the development and progress of any country. Cultural, political, social and sports promotion in each society depends on the attention officials pay to the qualitative and quantitative expansion of education in that country. The main reason behind this study is determining the scale of relationship between the four major roles of mass media (informing, educating, culture building, and social participation) and the development of sports in schools of Birjand. The method used in this survey is a descriptive-analytical one. To collect data we used a questionnaire consisting of 48 questions. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by specialists and a reliability of α= 0.82 was achieved. The target population consisted of specialists (school principles and sport teachers) working in elementary, and high schools in Birjand. We used random sampling and the size of the sample was 102 (54 mangers and 48 sports teachers). To describe the data we used descriptive statistics, and in the inferential statistics part we used the Kolmogorov's test to determine the normality of our data; and to determine the meaningfulness of our data we used the Friedman and Che-Square test. The results showed that there is a meaningful relation between the four roles of the media and sports promotion at schools. The research was also able to prioritize the four roles of the media in promoting sports at schools as follows: informing, educating, culture building, and social participation.

One of the topics of prime importance in life & circumstances local princes Birjand, marriages them. Princes states & government men and political affairs of employment due to political and special concern in cases of marriage, their political flavor has found. Its seems that one of the reasons for polygamy the political men, political & government issues are. Among the local princes Ghaen, Amir Alam Khan HeshmatolMolk life and of his marriages also not exempt from this rule. Amir during his life time, married three times, two of which lovely and this fascination can happen to rural girl. This article mentioned in passing to the personality characteristics and methods studied. In this study, the ability of his last wife (the daughter of a rural family was normal) in implementing the new conditions and management training her children in accordance with the patterns in familie's princes was common for child education is emphasized.