فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگی اجتماعی خراسان
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 10، زمستان 1387)

Ibn Khaldun, a well known sociologist of the 8th century A. H., had anaturalistic perspective of the government which was based on force andviolence; this government later manifests itself in the ideal form ofcaliphate. With examples from the early years of Islam he demonstrates thisreligion as based upon tribalism which changed during the course of historyand was replaced with dynasty.On the other hand other scholars of Akhavan Al Moslemin have alsodiscussed the issue of government, the Islamic beliefs and their worldwideaccepted nature especially in the case of Islamic caliphate. The ideas ofAkhvan on government has been the source of many distinct understandingfrom their proponents; and each group has benefited form their ideas eitherminimally or maximally to explore the concept of government with thecriterion of the holy religion of Islam.This article first brings up the theoretical view of Ibn Khaldon on the issueof government and later it delves into the ideas of Akhavan Al Moslemin onthe issues of government, correspondent and the conduct of power andfinally it concludes that opinions of Ibn Khaldun and Akhavan Al Moslemincorrespond on the issue of government.

Nesari Tooni, a shiat and great believer of Velayat, was a poet living in the10th century A. H. even though he has written a book of elegies and lyricsbut he is most famous for his Sarv va Tazarv couplet, in which one couldsee his religious and scientific beliefs and knowledge in between this lovestory. In this couplet he emphasizes on elevating beyond metaphorical andfeigned love to reach the spiritual and real love. He declares the belief inImam Ali as the key to reaching such a position. This article investigates theSarv Va Tazarv couplet in addition to shedding some light on thepersonality, thoughts, and world views of Nesari Tooni.

The current article belongs to the third season of researches andarcheological investigations on the old fort hill of Mood in Birjand. Thisarticle uses field archeological excavations to practically teach methods ofexcavation to archeological students of the University of Birjand with thesupervision of the writer and members of the board of the faculty ofarcheology. This research resulted in valuable historical and culturalfindings in this ancient part of southern Khorasan.