فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگی اجتماعی خراسان
سال دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 7، بهار 1387)

Lullabies are the production of the reflection of public common mind and they are told from a mother’s tongue in order to introduce moral values and emotional aspects. They can strengthen family ties and improve moral values and finally bring about tranquility for the child at the time being recited and also enhance the child’s skills in the future. The topics in this article contain selected lullabies from southern Khorasan collected in a time span of more than a decade, which are presented after being content analyzed. The comparison between southern Khorasan’ s lullabies and lullabies from other provinces demonstrate the usage of ancient words, the simplicity and naturalness of subjects, and the nicely cut and flowing pronunciation of words in all. Southern Khorasan’s lullabies are different from other lullabies in the number of their verses, but again there are common words and subjects among all lullabies, the reason for which being very obvious in the eyes of the writer. Oral literature is not constant and by its quotation there has always occurred changes in it so that the people can easily learn them. That could be the reason for so many lullabies with the same subject but with different narrations.

The Ishmaelite uprising was one the rare major uprisings at the time of Seljukian dynasty. They conducted some acts due to their religious-national intensions during that time and gained fame. Ghohestan region played an important role in the recognition, formation, and the protection of Ishmaelite up to their complete downfall by the Moguls in 653 hijra. One of the most important impacts of their uprising was saving the ancient legacy and the heroes of pre Islam in Iran. By inviting many outstanding scientists of their time to their fortified forts (especially at the time of Moguls) a great number of books were translated from Arabic to Persian. Among these scientists we can name “Khaje Nasir-din Toosi” who was in the service of Nasir-din Mohtasham Ghohestani. He helped the Ishmaelite with translating books from Arabic to Persian at the time when the Mogul invasion had influenced the whole world of Islam. This article starts with the formation and the expansion of the Ishmaelite movement in Ghohestan, and continues with elaborating on Khaje Nasir-din Toosi’s entrance to Ghohestan, the cultural role of the Ishmaelite during the Mogul invasion, Khaje Nasir-din’s publications at the time of his residence in Ghohestan, and at the end it will touch upon the life and posterity of “Nasir-din” Mohtasham Ghohestan.

“Chahar Derakht” and “Gozar Chahar” districts of Birjand are of great worth in terms of historical, cultural, formal, and practical values. This region is considered as the oldest historical part of Birjand. it used to be the main passage of the city in the old times and today it connects Motahari and Montazeri streets. The existence of many religious buildings like mosques, many cisterns, and many outstanding historical monuments on both sides of this passage adds to its value. This article explores the region, and discusses the formal changes in it and continues to explain the problems and facilities around this area and presents short term, midterm and long term practical solutions for them in designed charts. The methodology in this research was library sources, the analysis of pictures, old maps, and field work.