مجله رهیافت های سیاسی و بین المللی
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 31، پاییز 1391)

The “soft power” is meant the ability of attraction and to shape the preference of others in line with appealing interests and objectives of the governments and players and is considered as new concept in the field of social and political studies. In their national and international arena, the governments have to use some aspects of soft power through generation of compassion, beauty and glory. In non-religious governments, the soft power is mainly defined within the framework of creation of attraction and based on “interest”. Yet, in the government of Imam Ali (PBUH), the soft power is defined in line with “Attraction and Repulsion” and based on the notion of “Right and Wrong”. Such issue has caused that attraction and repulsion in the rule of Imam Ali (PBUH) is considered “inherent”. The government of Imam Ali (PBUH) with adopting a policy based on the logic of “Attraction and Repulsion” is of successful and unmatched government in all-time history which is served components of soft power within the framework of categories such as justice, freedom, human dignity and political morality in line with ultimate human education. Success of such a model of application of soft power had led Shiites to try in line with materialization of objectives of such a model after elapse of fourteen centuries.

In his famous, great epic “SHAHNAMEH”, Ferdowsi of sage introduces three political patterns: Pishdadian, Kianian and Sasanids. He sees kianian as an ideal type of government, which includes both mythic and humanist elements. In the other words, as if kianian pattern has occurred in a human level. In fact, Ferdowsi reads iran’s ancient history and mythology in framework of his contemporary time and space needs: need to remove Iranian identity through of reflection on their civil, cultural, social and political collapse and in this orientation, it refers to Iran’s fail experiences, draws a political government based on three key stone: the Prince in the center, Pahlavan in the second circle and finally, People in the third circle. According to his main aim, he introduces barren and productive politics in respect to Iran’s condition, explains good and bad Kianian princes such as Zo Tahmasb, Kaykavoos and Kaykhosrow, and furthermore Pahlavan’s critical role in maintaining social balance in dangerous circumstances.

Iran’s defeat against Russia can be considered the beginning of Iran’s serious confrontation with the West and also a turning point in its contemporary history. It was right after this defeat that the question “what have to be done?” was formed in the mind of then astute prince of Qajar dynasty Abbas Mirza. This is a question which has been frequently asked and differently answered ever since Iran-Russia war up to the outbreak of the Islamic Revolution in Iran. One of the answers was made by the leftist Marxists. Although the Tudeh Party is considered as an obvious manifestation of this political mainstream, it does not represent it in full. Some of Iranian Marxists, who were more idealistic than the Russian Marxists-Leninists, were after the realization of the pure Marxism in Iran. The beliefs of such individuals can be regarded as the prime example of a prescribed non-native model of the political theory in Iran. This article, within the framework of Thomas Spragens’ Theory, studies the theoretical reflections of Eshag Eprime as one of the most important leftist-Marxist intellectuals in Iran and at the same time, the most unknown of all, and also a leading promoter of the non-native model of Marxism-Leninism.

Europe as the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution and center of technological development and Iran as the second largest oil producer and exporter in the Middle East have linked together historically, especially since the 20th century. This political-economic bond had further deepened and expanded mutual relations between Iran and Europe. With the outbreak of the Islamic Revolution in Iran and the transformation in discourse and behavioral patterns of the Islamic Republic, these relations despite their deterioration in certain periods, continued with some ups and downs. The foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran after the Islamic Revolution was formulated on the basis of dignity, wisdom and discernment, as well as factors such as the dominant ideology, prevailing values, geopolitical situation and international conditions as well as ‘Neither East nor West’ dictum. Iran has adopted different behaviors towards the European Union at different junctures and within different discourse frameworks based on the mentioned principles, so that these patterns encompass a spectrum of political-economic to economic-political confrontations. Therefore, the main objective behind writing this research work is to elucidate IRI’s foreign policy discourses, especially in connection with justice and prosperity as the dominant discourse of the third decade of the Islamic Revolution in the first place. Moreover, the paper aims to examine the reasons and impediments in the way of development of these relations within those periods and junctures. In this context, the main question that arises is what have been the indices and reasons for development and downgrading of these relations in different periods and discourses

One of the most fundamental bases of political philosophy in the relationship between hegemony and political power, is a long effort from the beginning to now. This study, entitled ‘The Shepherd - herd to landlord - subject’ aims to compare Shepherd – herd in the pattern of Iran shahree Onsor-Almalis-Ghabousname name (written in 1097) and between landlord-subject - (1807) in Hegel’s phenomenology of sprit, according to discursive analyzing for central signifier. The premise of this study is that despite its openness existence and its becoming history in the Hegelian tradition in the field of freedom and consciousness, But - in the tradition of the shepherd- herd (IRANSHAHREE), and essentially permanent outlet in the op date civil servants and eternal shepherd and herd is a serf. of the two conflicting historical geography and perhaps pathological absolutism understanding two cultures. But if the same concepts in the context of competing. Keywords: Shepherd - Herd, landlord - Subject, Dialectic, Consciousness, Reign. 9 of IRI foreign policy? In this regard the present study intends to elucidate the spectrum of political, security and economic issues as factors and barriers for development of these relations by describing foreign policy discourses.

Many developing countries have pursued the industrialization strategy through attraction of foreign investment, implementation of global financial monetary agendas and allocation of internal resources in the framework of hosting a range of industries transferred from developed countries in recent decades. The characteristic of this strategy is the establishment of exporting oriented industries collection that, its goal is releasing the developing countries from dependency to raw material exporting and bring them to producing and exporting of industrial goods. The question is that, in what context this process is apprehensible and what are its consequences to politico- economic structures of developing countries? This research reviews the evolution of capital system in globalization era and its relation to the industrialization of Third World countries, and also examines this hypothesis that this process has imposed the consequences like increased debt, pollution and destruction of environment, increasing of raw material consumption, phenomenon of dual structure of social configuration on Third World socio- economic formation and reproduce the requirement of global capital in the organic form within this countries.