فصلنامه دراسات الادب المعاصر
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 14، صیف 2012)

This study aims to examine the use of religion heritage and application of the prophet job’s character mask. One of the important masks that have been used by contemporary poets is the prophet’s masks, especially the job of which the story exists in the Quran. This character is a symbol of patience. Darvish and Sayyab are the most important poets who used the mask of this character. Each of them used this character to express a special experience. Darvish Who suffered from occupying his country and getting refugee, used job’s character mask as a symbol for tolerance of that hardship. Also, Sayyab Who suffered from his illness and pain, used job’s character mask as a symbol for tolerance of that hardship. However, their ways differ in how to apply this mask in poems of these two poets. Each of them has some traits of this character that are relevant to their own mental conditions.

Satire is one of the methods of expressing in literature that is used in two ways of direct and indirect. Among these two methods, the second one is used more by the poets and writers because it helps them escaping from being face to face with the governments and their organizations. Concerning the Iraqi government and its cruel policies on those days, using first kind of satire was problematic and could result in that the poet or the writer was hanged or sent to jail for many years because of his piece of poem or writing. One of these poets is Ahmad Al-Safi Al-Najafi. He was one of the outstanding Iraqi satire poets who were not comfortable because of the Iraqi government. He had a hard life and had to emigrate from one country to another. He also spent some time in the jail, but all these couldn’t keep him from creating satire poems. He continued the satire poems to the end of his life, these poems had so many things to say. In this article, we first introduce the satire and its implication in literature, then we give a biography of this poet, and finally we study and look at the satire poems by this poet.

Religious heritage is considered as a rich fount of literature, especially poetry; and the number of literary works which writers of the ancientheritage exploited is not few; but there are even a multitude of these effects nourished by writers since it is inserted in their cultural and religious record; and considering the Quranic verses from the splendor and beauty in connotation and structure, We often see that the faltering of divine meanings which that the poet has drawn from the Holy Quran provides the text with more and deeper influence in the reader; and the Quranicintertextualityis divided in his poems into two sections:First: the intertextualitywith the holy verses and the intersection with them in the verbal and semantic structure; and secondly: evoking theQuranic stories; and from the personalities that are reminded in the Holy Quran are: the father of mankind Adam, and the God’sfriend, Ibrahim and the honestJoseph, the Prophet Ayyoub and Moussa-blessings of Allah be upon them all; and from this point of view, this article aims to search for the texts intertextualizedwith the Holy Quran in Mustafa SadiqRafii’s poems and the research on how the poet was illuminated by it to showin what way he irrigated his language splendor from the fountain of the Holy Quran, based on the analytical- descriptive method.

Both estrangement and alienation press in certain mental and physical complications in man’s life and force him to experience mental deficiency, and feel a lack of positive communal or individual sense of belonging. However, the Jahili sense of these terms is quite different from their modern application. In the Jahili period, old age and senility are the main reasons for such inconveniences which would well reverberate all through a poet’s being and work. These poets, then, would treat their problems in peculiar ways. Some would surrender and some would violently push themselves and their poetic expression to extreme limits. Introversion and extroversion are the key moves assumed by either group. However, modern Arab writers, unlike their Jahili counterparts, experienced imperial and colonial hegemony since the beginning of the 17th century, and were introduced to extreme changes in life style and world views. This overwhelming alien influence has been remodeled in the form of a more repressing global force. The crushing mark of such influences has led to great waves of migration and self-denial among Muslim and Arab elites who have failed to reconcile themselves with a heritage and legacy once firmly established in the spirit of human life.

The high literature serve the community; and referring to the oldest ages of literature in human communities, we see that it’s an expression of a range of social and political systems prevailing in those ages, whether we followed Greek and Roman etiquette in those eras or the pre - Islamic era or the eras of enlightenment in Europe. However, the researchers argue that the relation between literature and society became close since the modern era; and that is because of the conditions in which the community lives; as the spread of the press and the demise of illiteracy and scientific movements in human societies. From this viewpoint, this article reviews the study of social opinions between the two contemporary Arab and Persian literatures concentrating on three themes:" Status of women "and "women's freedom "and" poverty"; and a comparison among the views of the two great contemporary poets, i.e. Shawqi and Bahar, has been accomplished indicating the common and different aspects in their views and mentioning their expressing method.

A careful look at the greatest poets Ashsha’bi and Lahouri reveals that they are among the greatest eastern poets that focused on themselves and cheered their countrymen to know themselves; because it is the introduction to know God that leads to the freedom from the colonization and all the idols; because if man knows himself and God, will come near God and the good world and he wouldn’t be afraid of anything in his life. This paper attempts to investigate symbols of life in Ashsha’bi and Lahouri’s poems. It also tries to investigate their life and culture; then to study the most important subjects that are used in their poems. The use of symbols in expression of life and nature is the most predominant symbol in their poems.

Mohammad Mehdi Javaheri is undoubtedly the greatest Arab poet of contemporary classical poetry. He came to Iran several times and was astonished by its beauty. This led to describe the nature of Iran. But this part of his poetry, like his other poems, has not been considered by researchers. Therefore, this study aims to analyze his poems on the Iranian nature. The important findings of this research show that Iran and its beauty nature had a lot of impact on Javaheri; so that he himself has admitted to it.

The Great Quran is the honorable speech of Allah which was descended to His honest Prophet as a miracle to represent the truth of His mission of summoning people to God. Allah- Glory to Him- has expressed everything in the Quran. As the Great Quran emphasizes, it is full of scientific points and information currently and even very recently discovered by scientists; and it is a wonder that the World God has informed about these discoveries in his high book (Quran), 14 centuries ago. This fact implies that the Quran is the Prophet’s miracle, and God’s speech, with His own words, and the words are not from the Prophet, but the words and concepts are from Allah. One of the wonderful properties of the Quran which substantiates its being descended from the Glory God is that its words are carefully and tactfully selected. One of these scientific cases is the scientific pointing to the universe and the sky; such as the discovery and the proof of the beginning and the end of the world, the expansion of the world, the Black Holes, the stars, and living in space. Other discoveries are about the earth and the mountains; such as the secrets of creation in earth, and others about the layers of the earth which have been proved today. Other miracles are about the maters and the seas, medicine, psychology. They all prove that every word in Quran is from the supreme Allah.