فصلنامه رسانه
سال بیست و سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 87، تابستان 1391)

Internet as a master of the Information and communication technologies in one hand help people to be in no border area as well as to decrease the power of regimes (Especially Dictatorial regimes): in other hand it helps people to communicate faster together so we can be closer to each other. In this paper we try to answer this question: What is the effect of the new developments of information and communications technologies in the evolutions of the Middle East, especially in Egypt and Tunisia? Otherwise how much the usage of media such as internet, satellite television, and social networks could be effective in these evolutions? Briefly the answer could be: Using social networks and the net can help people to be more aware and be more informed as well as they can improve their political knowledge; in addition these kinds of media resulted in developing the new kind of social class (Districted by their awareness). By using the new media people report vastly political suppression of these regimes at regional and global levels so it facilitates the advent of these evolutions more rapidly and makes these regimes to pay more expenses for their suppression as well as it helps people to become familiar with democracy and human values. Therefore the development of Information and communication technologies alongside some other factors like inefficient economy as well as strict political system have impacted on the evolutions of middle east especially in Tunisia and Egypt.

Development of communication and information Technologies changes the concept of many different phenomena that were familiar to us as well as the effect of developing internet in this information age make them to change rapidly. State terrorism which is considered as one of the most dangerous terrorism in the world has been impacted by these new changes; hence the emergence of information networks such as Internet and mobile phone help the state terrorism sponsors and organizers to follow their goals in some new methods. In this paper the meaning of state terrorism in cyberspace and different kinds, aspects of it have been discussed as well as the methods for confronting with the state terrorism have been introduced. Also some new strategies for facing with the cyber Terrorism in Iran have been indicated. The writers in this paper have shown that the cyber terrorism helps state terrorism to follow their objects easier and affordable.

In this study the answer of the following question has been investigated:” how cultural institutions can support the cultural productions and works of art also how it can be effective in culture _ building process.” Indeed this article has focused on the supporting of the cultural and art productions as well as it tried to indicate that how this issue could be seen as the main issue in our country. Of course after describing methods, theories and concepts of the research, some suggestions and solutions have been offered to the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance as one of the main cultural organization in the country. However the ministry has organized a department for supporting the productions. The best management styles as well as policy making also remain a cause for concern especially in this ministry as the main organization which has to support the domestic cultural productions. Therefore the support of the productions should be organized in an appropriate legal and organizational form.

The strategic situation of Egypt makes this country and its evolutions very crucial in the eyes of news agencies around the world. The western new agencies got confused at the beginning of the January 16 and they didn’t know in which way delivering the news about Egypt, but when they find out president Mubarak is about to fall then they decided to manage the evolutions in a very specific ways and tried to reduce any possible threats against Israeli with this evolutions. The news agencies shifted their news to people’s demands but at the same time they were concerned about losing the control of the situation by the military. The quantitative content analysis has been used in this research; the sample in this paper is the news of the major western news agency such as the Associated Press, United Press, AFP and Reuters especially in foreign newsfrom January 16 to February 11 in 2011the period of the rise of the evolution in Egypt. For instance the results indicate that the “Support for Egypt's transition”,” the origin of Arab World” after “Egypt protests spread in all cities” was the most highlighted news in the first week with 13.3 percent; “Egyptian referendum on Mubarak regime " after “Support for the transition” was the most reported story during the second week of the evolution with 14.4 percent. The most important dialogue induction in these news agencies in the second week has been with these subjects: “the power of Islamic resistance”, “the repetition of the Iranian revolution in Egypt”, and “continuation of the situation in the favor of the society of the Muslim Brotherhood in the Egypt” with 14.4 percent. The agencies tried to follow and induce the western policy bythis idea that the fondness of Islam have become less important among protests in this evolution as well as they have tried to induce this idea that the Egyptian revolted just for reducing the poverty and Inequality in their countries and these issues was 34.7 in the first week. The subjects like “aligning with the Zionist regime” have been used by the agencies about 15.6 percent during the second week.

This article is a descriptive survey it has investigated the effectiveness of local newspapers in Hormozgan province in the point of view of audiences. The main question of this paper is: whether the press in Hormozgan is effective or not? There are 9 partial questions and the sample of this study is all of the students and graduated of university and Howzeh who are the audiences of the press. The cluster sampling, Cochran formula as well as Morgan table has been used for this paper, according to the table 300 people has been determined as the sample. The questioner which has been created by the researcher is used for measuring the data. The research methods in this study have used both descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation, charts as well as the inferential statistics including one sampling T test. The results have shown that the local newspapers in Hormozgan have been effective.

The press especially the newspaper in Iran from the advent always was the central not the local it means that most of the newspapers deal with the political, cultural, economy issues of the country generally as well as most of the time they were concerned about the issues of the large cities not the towns. Therefore the variables which may affected the local press may be different from the variables influenced the national press. The documentary and survey method has been utilized in this paper. The Statistical Yearbook data as well as the bulletin of the general department of Culture and Islamic Guidance (Iran, Kurdistan) (2012) has been used in the documentary method; questionnaire is used for collecting the data in survey method. The Statistical population of this research has been all people who live in Kurdistan Province and they have to be 16 and above 16, so the sample size has been determined about 500 people. The finding have indicated that 35 magazines which are published throughout the province are quarterly or monthly Journal. Among the respondents 45 percent of them never read even one newspaper duringthe last week, this data for the magazine and journals have been 60 percent. The findings have shown the people who may read the press belong to the citizens class also they have higher diploma educations. Moreover they prefer to read political, social, economy, events, sport issues but they don’t pay attention to the religious, history issues published in the press. In addition the lower diploma citizens pay more attention to the issues related to events, sports and culture – art. The findings demonstrate that being audience oriented and concern about what they want can be very crucial in publishing and attracting the audience.

People can never live without communication. Religious is a kind of communication so in this paper we have tried to emphasize on the media as the main channel of communications. In this article at first the definition of communication and media as well as different kinds of media, the content based and technological based approach to the media has been discussed and reviewed then the moderation based approach for the effect of media on audiences and religious message has been designed. The content based theory sees media just as a medium, in this approach media is just a channel and it never manipulate or create the content of the messages. The advocates of this theory divided in two groups: the audiences are passive in their reaction to the media s messages in the first group point of view. However the second group considered the audiences as an active one. The evangelistic and neo evangelistic movements belong to these kinds of theories. The other theory which has been discussed in this paper is technological based theory which has considered media and religious interact. Also the theorists believe that media is a new kind of religious which has been imposed on modern man. In this paper media is not considered as a channel or even as a message itself. indeed the advantages as well as disadvantages of both theories has been studied so the mediatory based approach has been defended in the paper we indicate that the media and religious interact; so the media has an effect on the religious and vice versa.

The way that newspapers reflect the news and events is so important in informing people. This article tries to investigate this issue to determine the social duties of mass media especially newspapers such as Hamshahri, Jame Jam, Iran and Shargh newspapers (emphasizing the front Page).the Statistical population in the paper is the first news in the front pages of these four newspapers published during 3 month (November, December, January) of 2011. The method which has been used for this research is Semiotics in media approach. Social duties are considered as a category and the meaning which has been elicited form the news is considered as the judge. The results investigate that all 4 newspapers pay more attention to the informing and they pay less attention to the entertainment. "Education", "expression" and "Social Solidarity" are in the middle of this attention. There is no difference between the newspapers in presenting social responsibilities. But there is a difference between different kinds of social responsibilities in all four newspapers. The "informing "issues have been mentioned more than the "entertainment "issues in these cited newspapers.