نشریه تحقیقات تمثیلی در زبان و ادب فارسی
پیاپی 2 (زمستان 1388)

Constitution era is the beginning of the arrival of new ideas in Persian poetry. The ideas that appeared in Persian literature have a particular form in this era.One of these main ideas was the thought of fatherland that filled most of the literary works.Reviewing the classic and modern concept of fatherland, this article tries to show the situation of this idea in the constitution-era literary works by introducing the greatest fatherland poets, along with analyzing the characteristics of this special genre.

Nodbe is the one among Beyzaee's plays in which the women's role has clearly been distinguished. The events of this play are related to the Constitution-Revolution years and, in an afflicted and touching way, it shows the social and cultural disorders of that era.Browsing through the work and surveying the characters’ dialogs and behavior, one can get an idea about the women's regrettable position and their constant humiliation in a patriarchal society. But these humiliations and treats can not prevent the women's awareness and protest. On the other hand, Nodbe is easily paraphrased. One can pass its superficially and restate all the characters, dialogs, actions and reactions, and locations of the work in a mysterious way, that is, based on its connotative meaning.

This paper tries to study Molana's views about women both in his prose and poetry (Masnavi, Fihmafih and Maktoobat or Letters), in his life- and behavior-related works, such as his Managheb- Ol- Arefin. In Masnavi Maanavi, Molana employs every possible thing, including objects, vegetation, animals, and different human characters in order to create intellectual and mystical creatures in his stories. Examining women’s characters in these stories paves the way to figure out his ideas about women. Some of these women are universally known, such as Saint Mary and Asiya, and so on. Some of them are unknown but of mystical importance. In Fihmafih, one can find a lot about women based on which Molana’s view on women can be figured out. Goodness and badness of women’s character can be a subject of study in Fihmafih. Maktoobat (Letters) is regarded as one of the most important works to help get familiar with Molana’s thoughts and ideas. It should be noted that Maktoobat (Letters) is indeed Molana’s book of letters, including his memories and his private and social life. All these reveal lots of mysteries to understand Molana’s realities of life.

Sanai is one of the greatest and most influential poets on the overall process of the Persian Sonnet in the sixth century. The aim of this paper is to offer a sociological analysis of Sanai’s Sonnets through a literary-sociological approach. After giving a short explanation about “sociology of literature,” “literary sociology,” and “sociology of sonnet,” this study, based on Sanai’s sonnets, attempts to offer his ideology, influenced by that of general public’s in his age. Then the Iranians’ cultural life and its aesthetic reflection in Sanai’s Sonnets are analyzed. Besides, this study examines economic factors, social psychology, love, lover and beloved, poetic images, and literary elements as its research domain.

Besides its historical, geographical, literary, and social significance, Tarikh Beihaghi, an important Persian literature work, particularly enjoys its writing style. Following Abu Nasr Moshkan’s (Beihaghi’s teacher) prose style, Beihaghi’s prose shares certain characteristics with those of the Samani era. On the other hand, these same features relate the work to technical prose works. Moreover, it owns features that distinguish it from other similar works. Besides archaism, one can see different forms of periphrasis and circumlocution, poetic features, especially allusion and simile, and various influences of Arabic literature, in Beihaghi’s prose. Beihaghi’s styles are more revealed in sentence structures, some transpositions, word coining, using specific allusive statements, and certain poetic images.

The present article describes "The Concept of "Freedom, Holly Quran, Slave & Liberal;” in the thoughts and poems of Iqbal-e- Lahore-ri to the readers. Each word of the above-said itself is a topic indicating Iqbal's message. This was a message at Iqbal's time for the Indian Muslims and Indian people to make India free from the British rulers. The words of Iqbal represent also a message for the coming generations and to all freedom fighters of the world. It should be mentioned that a quoted line of Iqbal’s poetry: در جـهـان نـتـوان اگر مـردانـه زیسـت همچون مردان جان سپردن زندگیست- “If you can not lead a manly life, / To die like a man is itself life” -contains the famous words of Imam Hussein (Peace Be Upon Him) and Tipu Sultan of Mysore-India.

In this Article, the author is about to present a summary of the life and works of Sheikh Bahaei and to evaluate the fabulous poem and Bahaei (i.e. valuable) words of him in the scale of word's music and art of versification of a jurisprudent poet who obtained the position and title of Sheikh-al-Eslam (i.e. Elder of Islam) in the Court of Abbas Safavy, the King, and in the realm of terminology and combination of them with the music frets and in the Mirror of Fantasy and creation of colorful concepts by him in prosody swing.

Baba Taher Hamadani is one of the most well-known Persian poets of the fifth century. Researchers have not paid attention to him and his poetry as much as he really deserves. This is due to the fact that his poetry does not share anything with the courtly poetry of his age, and thus, was bereft of all materialistic possessions. Despite this, one should not forget that general public recite and remember a lot of his poems.The aim of this paper is to study three aspects of this poet’s influence on the succeeding poets, particularly those belonging to the Iraqi style era: incorporation, verbal, and semantic similarities. Even if we accept that these similarities are “connotative,” they indicate that Baba Taher’s thoughts and ideas have affected, and been employed by, other succeeding poets.