Journal of Sport Sciences and Health Research
Volume:5 Issue: 10, 2013

Thoracic kyphosis is one of the most common postural deformities andan important reason influencing upper quarter pathologies. Specialists routinely use common corrective exercises (based on Kandal theories) to manage patients. However، the scientific evidence that supports the proper effectiveness of these exercises is lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a 10-week common corrective exercises program on postural thoracic kyphosis deformity. For this purpose، 20 subjects (10 males، 10 females) with postural thoracic kyphosis >42̊ (mean age، weight and height of the samples were 20. 93±1. 55 years، 62. 37±12. 32 kg، and 170. 62±10. 72 cm respectively) were selected as the sample using purposive sampling method to participate in this program. Thoracic kyphosis angle was measured by a flexible ruler. The mean at pretest was 46. 27±2. 67 and posttest was 42. 14±2. 06. Paired sample t test was used to analyze the data. The findings demonstrated that although the angle of thoracic kyphosis decreased after the program، this result was not high-effective and it seems that it is due to an emphasis on local corrective exercises and inattention of the other postural deformities correlated with thoracic kyphosis.

The force exerted by a single limb during a maximal bilateral contraction is found to be less than the force associated with a maximal unilateral contraction. This phenomenon is called bilateral deficit. Therefore، the aim of this study was to determine the effect of a strength and speed weight training program on unilateral and bilateral concentric contraction strength and deficit in elbow flexion. For this purpose، 50 non-athlete males (mean age 21. 57+1. 91 yr، weight 72. 22+14. 31 kg and height 175. 61+3. 31 cm) voluntarily participated in this study. Subjects (n=50) were randomly assigned to a control group (n=10) or divided into four weight training groups (n=10) who performed arm curl exercise as: 1) unilateral strength، 2) bilateral strength، 3) unilateral speed or 4) bilateral speed training. Training was two sessions/week for 8 weeks and an intensity of 80-100% of (1RM) for strength group with three sets (one repetition) and four sets (ten repetitions) with an intensity of 50-80% of 1RM for speed group. Control subjects attended sessions but performed no exercise. Maximal concentric strength of right elbow flexion (RL1RM)، left elbow (LL1RM) and bilateral elbow (BL1RM) was performed before and after training. Data were analysed using inferential statistics، MANOVA and SLD post hoc tests at p<0. 05. The results showed no significant difference between unilateral and bilateral strength training، also between bilateral and unilateral speed training in elbow flexion muscle strength for right، left and both hands. Both strength training groups outperformed the two groups of speed training; also، four experimental groups outperformed the control group. Bilateral training groups outperformed the unilateral training groups and control group in the facilitation of elbow flexion bilateral deficit. Therefore، in order to prevent bilateral deficit in bilateral sports، bilateral strength and speed weight training is suggested.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a pilates training program on the pain and function of patients with disc herniation with lumbosciatalgia and to compare this exercise procedure with the general protocol. For this purpose، 34 patients with disc herniation with lumbosciatalgia participated as the sample in this study and were divided into experimental (n=16) and control (n=18) groups randomly. Experimental group performed pilates exercise for 4 weeks، three sessions per week and 45 – 60 min. per session. At the same time، control group performed the general protocol for 4 weeks. The range of motion of lumbar and hip was measured with Schober and passive straight leg raising (SLR) test respectively. Pain and disability was measured with McGill and Oswestry questionnaires respectively. Independent and dependent t tests were used to analyze the data. The results showed that pilates exercise increased SLR angle and range of motion of lumbar and decreased patients'' pain and disability (P≤0. 05). It seems that pilates exercise improved pain and function of patients with disc herniation with lumbosciatalgia.

As exercise influences body and mind، the physical and psychological factors influence sport and sport performance as well. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three methods of aromatherapy، massage and aromatherapy–massage on muscle pain of physical fitness girls of Isfahan. 32 athletes who participated in the 1390 Fajr tournaments were selected by the available method and divided into equal groups of control، aromatherapy، massage and aromatherapy–massage. Demographic questionnaire and Talug muscle soreness questionnaire were used to collect data. For data analysis، dependent and independent t tests were used. The results showed that except for aromatherapy group، there was a significant difference in the rate of muscle pain before and after the intervention (P<0. 05) between control and massage and between control and aromatherapy-massage groups. It can be concluded that aromatherapy، massage and aromatherapy–massage are effective interventions to reduce muscle pain in athletes in the competitions.

The aim of this research was to study the financial costs of sport injuries in different body parts of the professional soccer players of soccer premier league in the past two years (2010-2011). For this purpose، all injured players from 6 clubs out of 18 clubs of premier league were investigated by random retrospective method. 69 soccer players (mean+SD: age 24. 6+2. 5 yr، record of official games 7. 26+2. 45) who had borne the cost of injury were selected as the sample. Data were collected by Hawkins and Fuller revised questionnaire for internal and external risk factors of injury، injury report form and a researcher-made checklist to record financial costs were used. Cost injuries included direct and indirect costs. Pearson correlation coefficient and ANOVA were used to analyze data (P=0. 05). The results showed that lower extremity injuries (85. 7%) bore the highest cost (1. 067 million $) and among these injuries، knee injury (39%) bore the highest cost (1. 410 million $). 68% of costs (1. 390 million $) was reported for contact injuries while all noncontact conditions were reported for knee injury and particularly for ACL and meniscus injuries. A significant relationship was found between injury cost and injury severity (r=0. 806) and also cost difference in different body parts (P=0. 01). Most injuries especially in knee joint can be recognized، prevented and eliminated by appropriate management. An emphasis on injury preventive strategies is the key to reducing the financial costs of soccer industry which is emphasized in this research.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic progressive disease of central nervous system with disabling signs and symptoms which cause severe disorders and damaging effects on daily performance، business and social activities and the patients feel general well-being; therefore، non – drug treatment is recommended to control symptoms of MS. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the endurance and resistance exercises on fatigue severity and balance in women with multiple sclerosis. This study was a semi-experimental study and the goal was applied. 20 women with MS (mean age of 30. 9+6. 95 years) with expanded disability status scale of disease (EDSS) ≤4 participated in this study and. were randomly assigned to two groups: resistance exercise group (n=10) and endurance exercise group (n=10). Training protocol lasted 8 weeks، two sessions per week (16 sessions) and each session consisted of three stages: warm-up، exercise، cool-down. The severity of fatigue and balance was measured before and after the protocol by FSS scale and lateral reach test (to the right and left side). The results showed a significant difference between the severity of fatigue and balance scores in patients with MS before and after the training period (P<0. 05)، but there was no significant difference between the two group (P>0. 05). It can be concluded that the strength and endurance exercises can improve fatigue severity and balance in patients with MS. On the other hand، insignificant difference between fatigue severity and balance scores between the two groups after training shows the same effect of both types of exercises on the improvement fatigue severity and balance in patients with multiple sclerosis.