نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال پانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 58، تابستان 1392)

Chronic physical illnesses have a high risk of mood or anxiety disorders. The objectives of this study were to determine and compare the level of anxiety and depression in tuberculosis، asthma and chronic obstructive disease. This research is a cross-sectional study (2011) which is done in non-probability method (easy method). The sample included 135 subjects with lung tuberculosis، bronchial asthma، and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. All of the subjects referred to Imam Reza and Ghaem hospitals in Mashhad. The patients were investigated using Espiel-Burger and Beck Depression Inventory tests in order to find out their apparent or hidden anxiety and depression respectively. Information such as age، gender and illness type were collected too. All the information were analyzed using SPSS software. Number of52 persons had mild depression and 6% had severe depression. More than half of the subjects (70%) had moderate anxiety level (51. 9%) of which 28. 1% had relatively severe anxiety. The findings of K2 test shows that there is a significant relationship between illness type and depression level (P=0. 000)، between illness type and state anxiety (P=0. 001) and between illness type and trait anxiety (P=0. 026). According to the findings of this research، there is a significant relationship between depression level and patients'' anxiety. So it is concluded that there is an essential need to find out the psychological signs of the patients with respiratory illnesses and treat them completely.

Smokinghas affected the interactions of biological، social، psychological and cultural factors and high rates of its comorbidity are emphasized by some components of personality and coping strategies in etiology. The aim of this study was evaluation of relationship between smoking، personality components and coping strategies in smokers and non-smokers students of engineering faculty of Islamic Azad University-branch of Arak and Arak University of Medical Sciences. This study was a descriptive- analytical study as cross-sectional، with using stratified random sampling 716 male and female students (medical sciences students=323 and the engineering students=393) in academic year of 2010-2011. Measurements tools were used were consist of demographic check list، coping strategies and Neo personality test (short form) and test hypotheses questionnaire. data were analyzed by the multivariate ANOVA، correlational analysis and SPSS 18 software. The component of neurotic (P=0. 0001 and r=-0. 146) and agreement (P=0. 0001 and r=0. 159) and component of against problem oriented with coping style (P =0. 001and r= -0. 127) and agreement (P=0. 0001 and r= -0. 137) with the emotion-oriented coping style، there are significant differences but between smoking and personality components of two groups were not significant. In addition، there was a significant difference between the average of smoking and using emotional-oriented coping strategies (P<0. 01). Cigarette smokers have suffered from lack of coping skills for problem solving and also suffering from that. Also high rates of cigarette smoking in men have any effects on the anxiety and nervousness.

This study aims to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral group therapy using trans-theoretical model on the level of depressive symptoms and methadone dose consumed by patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). This clinical trial was conducted on MMT patients of Ibn Sina Hospital Clinic in Mashhad during 6 months (autumn and winter of 2010). Through available sampling، 12 patients were selected and underwent 15 sessions of cognitive-behavioral group psychotherapy using trans-theoretical model، and 12 patients also formed the control group. Inclusion criteria were literacy (ability to read and write)، passing at least a month after the end of MMT induction period، lack of major psychiatric disorders on axis I except for opiate dependency، and lack of borderline personality disorder. The methadone dose was obtained from daily clinic medical reports and depression symptoms were measured by symptom checklist-90-revised test at the beginning and end of the study. Data analysis was performed by SPSS version 16، using independent t-test and one-way ANOVA. There was a significant difference (P<0. 001) as much as 57% between the subjects’ mean depression scores in the two test and control groups after controlling the effect of pre-test، age، and methadone consumption. However، there was no significant difference between the mean methadone dose consumed among the two groups in post-test (P=0. 07). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy using trans-theoretical model could be effective in reducing depression symptoms in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment; however، it has no significant effect on methadone dose consumed by them in the short term. professor of psychology، Psychiatry and Behavioral Research Center، Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

Megaloblastic anemias are group of disorders that usually are caused by deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate. Vitamin B12 deficiency occurs with a wide range of symptoms of hematology، neurology، gastrointestinal or psychiatry. Untreated anemia prevents the appropriate treatment even if the patient be treated properly for psychiatric disorder، will be often having inadequate response or resistance to treatment. This paper presents a 33 years old woman who had experienced depression and mood lability and had been under psychiatric treatment with various psychiatric diagnoses such as borderline personality disorder، major depressive disorder and mood disorder NOS. During the six month before admission balance impairment، paresthesia، coldness and pain in lower limbs was gradually added to her symptoms. She was admitted to psychiatric hospital as a result of her suicidal thoughts and function disturbances. Complete blood count and serum B12 and folic acid levels were performed with suspicion to megaloblastic anemia. Following confirmation of diagnosis (low serum B12:90 pg ml) and treatment onset، symptoms disappeared dramatically within a few days. Patient was discharged from psychiatric hospital and in order to determine causes of megaloblastic anemia she was referred to an internist. Mental disorders are prevalent in cobalamin deficiency، so even in the absence of anemia or neurological symptoms of B12 deficiency، probability of megaloblastic anemia should be considered in atypical symptoms or psychiatric disorders، refractory to conventional treatments، fluctuating and uncommon symptoms.

The purpose of present study was to investigate precedents of posttraumatic growth (following breakup in romantic relations) through assessment of attribution styles and personality types in Shahid Chamran University students of Ahwaz. In this correlational study، 214 students (160 female and 54 male) who have experienced breakup romantic relationship during April 2010 were selected using snowball sampling method. The instruments which were used included the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI)، breakup romantic attribution and Short form of NEO Personality Traits Inventory (NEO-FFI). Simple correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used to analysis data، applying SPSS version 16. Based on the result of multiple regression analysis، 22% variance of posttraumatic growth is explained by predictor variables (personality types and breakup romantic relationship attribution). Among the predictor variables، extroversion، consciousness and personal attribution can predict post traumatic growth. Extroversion، consciousness personality types and personal attribution results in individual growth and developments after breakup a romantic relationship.

The purpose of the present study was the comparison of the 6-8 years girl students’ performance with and without oppositional defiant disorder in theory of mind tasks. In the present causal-comparative study، 180 6-8 years girl students (60 students with oppositional defiant disorder، 120 students without oppositional defiant disorder) that were studying during academic year 2009-2010 in north and south schools of Tehran، through the phase cluster sampling، were investigated. For determining the theory of mind، the theory of mind test by Parker et al. was applied، and for determining the oppositional defiant disorder، 2 questionnaires، parent/child disruptive behavior disorder rating scale and the list of oppositional defiant disorder were applied. For data analysis، the analysis of variance and independent t-test were applied. According to data analysis، students’ performance without oppositional defiant disorder in theory of mind tasks have significant difference، with children performance having oppositional defiant disorder (P<0. 05)، so that students performance without oppositional defiant disorder is higher than students with oppositional defiant disorder، also there is a significant differences between students’ performance with and without oppositional defiant disorder in different age levels (P<0. 001). The results of this study indicate that students suffering from oppositional defiant disorder have deficiency in doing theory of mind tasks.

Engagement of parents affects children’s mental health. Parenting styles are psychological constructs representing behaviors and attitudes in child rearing. This study was aimed to assess the efficacy of multimedia-parent management training (M-PMT) in treatment of children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).

In this random control trial conducted in Mashhad in 2010، 45 mothers of 3-10 year old ODD children participated. They divided into three groups by simple random allocation. We provided the first group with parent management training (PMT) and the second group with M-PMT through software containing educational instruction. The third group was considered as control group. Bamerind and Conner''s parenting questionnaires were applied before and after the intervention. Data was analyzed byh SPSS 16 software and ANOVA، Kruskal-Wallis، paired t-test and Man-Whitney tests.

M-PMT improved learning (P=0. 04)، behavioral disturbances (P=0. 03)، hyperactivity (P=0. 01)، impulsivity (P=0. 02) and anxiety (P=0. 01) without significant impact on psychosocial problems (P=0. 2). the effectiveness of M-PMT and PMT in conduct disorders were not different (P =0. 2). M-PMT was more effective than PMT in reducing impulsivity and anxiety (P=0. 02، 0. 009)، whereas PMT diminished more efficiently (P=0. 03).

New instructions of M-PMT improve learning، hyperactivity، impulsivity and anxiety in ODD. In comparison with PMT، M-PMT is more effective in reducing impulsivity and anxiety; however، PMT improves hyperactivity more efficiently.

Self-talk style، which is the core set of cognitive- behavioral regulation that plays a crucial role in creating and continuing of emotional disturbances. By recognition of self talk style and its components، one can access to self control which has noticeable effect on self efficacy. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between self talk and emotional difficulties in Payam-e-Noor University of Mashhad students.

In this descriptive-correlation study، 375 students of Payam-e-Noor University of Mashhad were selected using voluntarysampling in 2010. Self Talk Inventory (ST) and Depression، Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) were employed for assessment of self talk and emotional difficulties. Data were analyzed applying Pearson''s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis.

The results of Pearson’s correlation coefficient indicated that negative self talk is significantly associated with depression and anxiety (P≤0. 001) but not with stress. On the other hand، there was strong negative relationship between positive self talk and stress (P≤0. 05). Moreover، the results of regression analysis also showed that negative self talk can better predict depression and anxiety)P≤0. 001)، while positive self talk can predict stress (P≤0. 05).

Self talk style can predict students’ emotional difficulties. By increasing cognitive awareness and sensitivity through special training aimed to alter self talk style، we can promote students’ mental health and function.