نشریه اندیشه و رفتار در روان شناسی بالینی
پیاپی 25 (پاییز 1391)

Sexual relationship is of crucial importance in cementing and maintaining the marital relationship. Sexual problems may beset and plague the couples in their marital and sexual relationship. Assertiveness as the individual’s ability in evincing، advancing and safeguarding his interest without experiencing anxiety and violating individuals’ right and sexual self-consciousness as assessing the attentional procedure in sexual behavior (sexual self-centralization and shame) can affect marital and sexual relationship. Hence، the present study aims at assessing the role of assertiveness and self-consciousness in the prediction of women’s sexual functioning. Therefore، the sample comprised 120 female married individuals drawn from a larger group of clients referred to the counseling centers located in Gonbad Province who were selected through convenience sampling and tested with regard to assertiveness، sexual self-consciousness and female sexual functioning. Results which were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis indicated that there exists a positive، significant relationship between assertiveness، sexual self-consciousness and female sexual functioning. The designed model shows that 35 percent of the total variance in the scores of sexual functioning is explained by assertiveness and sexual self-consciousness. Moreover، women who score higher on assertiveness and lower on sexual self-consciousness demonstrate better sexual functioning.

Mental rumination enters the consciousness as depressing، disturbing، sobering and intrusive thoughts and refocuses and shifts the thoughts from subjects under consideration، chosen topics and current aims. Rumination responses can be regarded as the antithesis of requisite and practical problem-solving skills. Therefore، the research purpose is to assess the effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy in depression and mental rumination of individuals suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. Hence، 40 individuals diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder referred to the psychological clinics located in the west of Tehran were selected through convenience sampling and assigned to the experimental and control groups. It’s worth mentioning that prior to grouping these groups were tested in terms of depression and mental rumination. The results of the multivariate regression analysis indicated that rational emotive behavior therapy is effective in reducing the mental rumination of individuals suffering from generalized anxiety disorder who assess any simple situation as hazardous and life-threatening، direct their attention toward threats rather than opportunities and retrieve the selective and threatening information.

Mindfulness is the awareness that emerges when we pay attention to experience in a particular way، on purpose، in the present moment، and non-judgmentally. The research purpose was to assess the reliability and validity of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS) that has been designed and developed to assess the mindfulness skills of individuals. Hence، 226 of the students studying in Shiraz University were selected by convenience sampling and tested by Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills. The Cronbach’s Alpha for this inventory amounted to 0. 82. Moreover، the result of the factor analysis showed four factors for this inventory as: awareness، description، acceptance and observance. Furthermore، the factors explained 42. 26 percent of the total variance and the convergent validity of the subscale comprised between 0. 47 and 0. 78. According to the above results، Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills can be regarded a standard tool for assessing the individuals’ mindfulness.

All couples are inclined to pursue marital satisfaction. Many pieces of research carried out in this realm indicate that attachment style is one of the most important predictors of marital satisfaction and adjustment. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the relationship between attachment styles and marital satisfaction. Hence، this research employed the meta-analysis technique for integrating the results of different studies and identified the effect size of the relationship between attachment styles and marital satisfaction. Therefore، 18 studies، employing appropriate methodology were selected for this purpose. Furthermore، the research tool was meta-analysis checklist and it was based on 4064 samples and 19 Effect size. Data analysis showed that the effect size of the relationship between attachment styles and marital satisfaction rated 0. 21 (P ≤ 0. 0001)، which was low according to Cohen table. Thus، no statically significant relationship was observed between attachment styles and marital satisfaction.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is a psychiatric disorder in which the symptoms of re-experiencing، avoidance and hyper-arousal have negative impact on physical and mental health of patients. The aim of the present study was to compare the quality of life of veterans suffering from war-related chronic PTSD and those not affected by PTSD. Therefore، in a causal-comparative study، 120 soldiers in four groups of PTSD، chemical، amputation and normal soldiers were selected through convenience sampling and the demographic characteristics and Quality of Life questionnaires were administered on them. Analysis of the variance and Tukey test showed that patients with PTSD scored lower in the components of vitality، social and physical functioning، and mental health as compared to the other groups. It seems that PTSD causes significant disabilities in job performance، family، sociability and daily functioning and negatively affects the quality of life of the patients.

Many believe in a just world. Nonetheless، many others espouse and cherish the belief of the unjust world. The aim of this research was to investigate the structural model of the role of psychotism، paranoia، hostility and interpersonal sensitivity beliefs in an unjust world. For this purpose، this descriptive-correlational research was conducted. The sample comprised 250 individuals who were selected using convenience sampling، and were tested in terms of psychotism، paranoia، hostility، interpersonal sensitivity and beliefs in an unjust world. Mediated regression analysis revealed that firstly hostility reinforces interpersonal sensitivity، psychotism، and paranoia in a sequential multilevel model. Subsequently، interpersonal sensitivity and psychotism partially and significantly reinforce paranoia، and finally paranoia reinforces the beliefs in an unjust world. Beliefs in an unjust world are strengthened by paranoia، and paranoia is strengthened by psychotism، hostility and interpersonal sensitivity. Overall، a model of the formation and reinforcement of the beliefs in an unjust world has been developed in this research.

The aim of this casual-comparative study was to carry out an investigation into distorted information processing relevant to self and others among individuals suffering from social phobia and normal individuals. Hence، the sample comprised 100 individuals suffering from social phobia and 100 normal individuals who were drawn from a larger group of students studying in Tabriz University using random cluster sampling. Results supported the between-group difference with regard to self-relevant interpretation bias and other-relevant interpretation bias among individuals suffering from social phobia and normal individuals. Results showed that individuals suffering from social phobia exhibit higher level of self-relevant interpretation bias and other-relevant interpretation bias as compared to normal individuals.