فصلنامه پژوهش های تجربی حسابداری
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 6، زمستان 1391)

This research is aimed to measure the intellectual capital and study the relation between value added intellectual capital and its components، which are human capital value added، structural capital value added and physical capital value added، and the cost of equity in the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. For the purposes of the research، the component of IC was calculated based on Pulic model (1997) and its relation with cost of equity was examined by multivariate regression analysis model from 2005 to 2011. According to the research findings، there is a negative and meaningful relation between the value added intellectual capital and the cost of equity. Also، there is a negative and meaningful relation between the human capital value added and the cost of equity، in other words، it declines the cost of capital. But، structural capital value added and Physical capital value added have no meaningful relation with cost of equity.

According to Agency Theory، managers are going to maximize their interests. Appropriate Corporate Governance Mechanisms can prohibit the opportunistic behavior. On the other hand، Conservatism can be regarded as a Mechanism that reduces Agency Cost. This study has examined the variables effective on conservatism، especially Corporate Governance Mechanisms، based on Substitutive Perspective. In order to measure conservatism، Khan and Watts firm-year model (2007 and 2009) and Basu model (1997) are used. Independent variables are Corporate governance mechanisms including: dual role of a CEO، the percentage of non-executive board members، the percentage of institutional ownership and percentage of shares held by insiders (i. e.، managers and directors)، and the other effective variables are: company age (the number of years after initial public offering)، investment cycle، volatility، and external auditor size. Examination of data from 72 firms in years 1384-1388، indicated that there is a positive relation between conservatism and the percentage of shares held by insiders (i. e.، managers and directors) as well as volatility، and a negative relation between conservatism and the percentage of institutional ownership، age of the company، and external auditor size. There was no meaningful relation between conservatism and investment cycle، percentage of nonexecutive board members and dual role of a CEO.

One of the most challenging observations in financial markets is that the common stock return، In contrast with the efficient market hypothesis، has special behaviors in various time intervals. One of these abnormal behaviors is as a result of momentum and contrarian strategies. This study investigates the effect of trading volume on contrarian and momentum strategies performance using a sample of 108 listed firms'' data in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2003-2011. The sample data were collected from Tadbir Pardaz and Rahavard Nouvin software. The research hypothesis was tested using mean comparison، ANOVA and Tokay tests. The results showed that the momentum strategy in high and medium trading volume is profitable quarterly. Also the momentum return will increase when the trading volume is increased.

This article investigates motives of Related Party Transactions using the Moscariello model. There are two contrasting theories، conflict of interests vs. efficient transactions hypothesis، describing the reasons behind RPTs. Up to now، there are no empirical evidence to show a definite picture of motives for related party transactions. If there is an opportunistic behavior، there should be special relations between the extent of RPTs and market variables including ownership concentration level، market value to book value ratio، and corporate governance variables including board size، percentage of nonexecutive board members، Duality، and leverage. The sample is a number of firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange over the years of 2006 to 2010. Test of hypothesis shows that there are meaningful expected relations between the extent of RPT and ownership concentration level، percentage of nonexecutive board members، and leverage. The findings approve the hypothesis that an opportunistic behavior exists in related party transactions in Iranian business environment.

The main objective of this study is to investigate the factors affecting auditors’ job satisfaction. To do so، a questionnaire was prepared and distributed among the auditors being employed in audit firms، and a member of Iranian Association of Certified Public Accountants (IACPA). The collected data was analyzed by using Pearson correlation test، ANOVA، Student T test، and Spearman correlation coefficient test. The results show that eight organization factors including “salaries”، “promotion”، “participation in decision making”، “acknowledgment”، “specialized auditing activities”، “proper performance evaluation”، “personal development”، and“working in large accounting firms “and the six nature (work itself) factors including “variety in work “، “latitude on audit work”، “knowing the result of the work”، “challenge of the audit work”، “flexibility in doing audit activities “and “meaningful of the job “، and three environmental factors include “supervision”، “social good co-workers”، and “job security” increase and role ambiguity decreases auditors'' job satisfaction. The findings also show that the effects of “participation in decision making” and “acknowledgment” on auditors'' job satisfaction increase as age and experience of auditors increase. In addition، the opinion of auditors about the factors affecting job satisfaction is dissimilar in different areas and educational levels. Finally، there is no difference between male and female auditors'' opinions about the factors affecting job satisfaction.

Recently، many Iranian organizations have adopted Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. This study examines the effective variables on ERP implementation success from the view point of Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory and Information System (IS) theory. The sample has included firms using ERP and Data has been collected by a questionnaire. Data Analysis has performed with Anova Test، T Test، CFA and SEM. Results show that competitive pressure are positively related to user satisfaction and organizational performance. As the main objective of a firm is achieving competitive advantages، endurance of competitive pressure، as an aim، can affect user satisfaction as well as performance improvement. On the other hand، user satisfaction has significant effects on improvement of organizational performance. While perceived complexity، training and top management support are positively related with satisfaction of operational managers، they don’t have any role in improving organizational performance. It seems that these variables just lead to increase of user satisfaction and then improvement of organizational performance.

Since one of the most important sources of information for investors and other beneficial is dividends forecast، this study tries to find models for predicting variables effective on dividend. To do this، information from chemical companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2006 to 2010 are used. The independent variables are accounting ratios and the dependent variable is dividend. The model framework is a combination of PSO-SVR and PSO-LARS algorithms. PSO algorithm identifies optimal combination of variables that influence the anticipated dividends. Then the data related to the variables selected by PSO are entered in to the SVR and LARS algorithms separately and train the algorithms. Then the algorithms are tested with evaluation data. Thus the prediction errors can be measured and the methods be compared. The research results show that combining PSO algorithm with LARS or SVR algorithm، as compared to using only SVR and LARS، can provide a better predict of considered affecting factors. Comparing the two combination methods، PSO-LARS and PSO-SVR، PSO-SVR shows that prediction error is less.

Information systems، especially financial systems، are main solutions for organizational challenges and problems in the business environment. Considering the importance of information systems quality in organizational success and increasing use of these systems in Iranian organizations، this study reviews and compares opinion of both developers and users of information systems on 21 quality criteria of these systems، based on the quality model of ISO/IEC 9126 provided by Global Standard Organization. Due to comparative nature of this study، data was collected through questionnaires from two samples of 200 developers and 200 users. The findings showed a meaningful gap between the attitudes of developers and users in regard with existing quality criteria in information systems.