نشریه تحقیقات نوین در گیاه پزشکی
سال سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 9، بهار 1390)

Microcerotermes diversus (Iso.: Termitidae) is one of the most destructive termites in Khuzestan province (Iran). In this study, ability of pathogenicity of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae strain of Saravan (DEMI 001) against termite M. diversus was investigated in choice and no- choice bioassay trials by smeary and immersion methods. Results showed that concentration and time of fatality in the smeary method was higher than the immersion method. The lowest level of LC50 and LT50, it related to bioassay test no- choice with immersion method. Those level were 3.1 × 104 spore Ml-1 and 1.02 day, respectively. The feeding of treated and untreated filter paper in choice test showed that fungal conidial suspension in concentrations used in this study had no repellency effect against the target termite. Overall, this study showed that the fatality rate of fungal pathogen. M. anisopliae against termite M. diversus was associated with the fungus population.

In recent years noble metal nanoparticles have been the subjects of focused researches due to their unique electronic, mechanical and chemical properties that are significantly different from those of bulk materials. Improvements in nanotechnology in the past decayed has created various opportunities for evaluation of biologic effects such as insecticidal effects of nanoparticles. In this research, nanoparticles of 70%Zn-28%TiO2-2%Ag and 70%Zn-29%TiO2-1%Ag were synthesized through a solvothermal method and the insecticidal activity of Zn-TiO2-Ag nanoparticles and imidacloprid against the A. nerii was investigated. Results of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that these nanoparticles are approximately spherical with the diameter varying 48 and 49 nm, respectively. In this experiment, the LC50 value for 70%Zn-28%TiO2-2%Ag, 70%Zn- 29%TiO2-1%Ag and imidacloprid were calculated to be 476.74, 528.51 and 0.66, respectively. These results demonstrated that these nanoparticles have insecticidal effect on A. nerii. Additionally, the study showed that imidacloprid at 1 μl/ml and nanoparticles at 700 mg/ml had the highest insect mortality effect.

Dangerous effects of pesticides on human and environmental health, especially their role in food chains; are the most important reasons to doing this study. Hence, it is necessary to investigate these compounds in the environment, food and living body. In this Study sinceSeptamber 2010 to March 2011, sugar beet samples from five areas of Isfahan province had been collected (Isfahan, Borkhar, Semirom, Golpayegan and Fereydan cities). Samples analyzed by chromatographic methods to determine the residue of two pesticide (Chloropyrifus and Deltamethrin) which had been used as usual pesticides in areas that are the main sugar beets producers for sugar factories in Isfahan province.In this study, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) was used to determine Chloropyrifus and Deltamethrin residues in sugar beets The highest amount of pesticide residue belongs to Deltamethrin in Semirom and the lowest one was observed in Golpayegan. The amounts of Deltamethrin residue in the collected sugar beets from Semirom were equal or higher than the maximum residue limitation (MRL) (0.05mg/kg). The amounts of Chloropyrifus residue in the sugar beets any areas not were equal or higher than the maximum residue limitation (MRL) (0.01mg/kg) and The highest amount of pesticide residue belongs to Chloropyrifus in Borkhar and the lowest one was observed in two areas of Isfahan and Golpayegan.

In order to investigate the fauna of Collembola (springtails), several sampling were carried out from soil and leaf litter of different Sari regions during 2010- 2011. The Collembola were extracted from soil and leaf litter by heat and light in the system as Berlise funnel. Permanent microscopic slides were provided by Hoyer medium or mixture of lactic acid and glycerin (5:1). In this study the genus Orthonychiurus Stach, 1954 and Dicyrtomina Borner, 1903 were reported for the first time from Iran. Species of Xenylla welchi Tullberg, 1839, Orthonychiurus folsomi (Schaffer, 1900) and Dicyrtoma fusca (Lubbock, 1842), Dicyrtomina ornata (Nocolet, 1842) and Sminthurinus aureus (Lubbock, 1862) were new records for Iranian Collembola fauna. Sminthurinus elegans (Fitch, 1863) are new for Mazandaran fauna.

In this study, Fusarium root rot from Tubers in Dezful (Khuzestan, Iran) were identified and genetic diversity of domnnat species was determined. Root Associated fungi were isolated using common isolation technique in laboratory. Collectively 143 isolates of fungi including 110, 27, and 6 at 4 species of Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F.equiseti were recovered and identified respectively. Genetic diversity of the population of F.oxysporum was determined using VCG and RAPD techniques. For VCG method, 45 isolates of fungus were selected randomly. Then nit mutant were generated on MMC and Czapeck media each containing 3% KClO3. Phenotypic classes of nit mutants were determined according of the growth types on basal medium containing one of four nitrogen sources (Nitrate, Nitrate, Hypoxanthine, and Ammonium). From recovered nits, 301, 171, and 45 were nit 1, nit 3 and nit M respectively. Complementation test was conducted among different nit mutant of different isolates in all combinations. Results revealed that all isolates were placed into 4 VCG groups, the largest one containing 28 and the rest containing 10, 3 and 4 isolates respectively. In addition, genetic diversity of theses isolates was studied using thirteen primers. Cluster analysis of RAPD data was done using UPGMA, Single and Complete methods. The best results obtained by UPGMA and dice coefficient, which distinguished six main groups at 61% similarity level. In this grouping, group I, III and VI had 2 members each, group II had 12 members. Ten of that belonging to VCG a and groups IV and V had one member each. No close relation was observed between VCG and RAPD method results. Pathogenicity test that was conducted using selected isolates of different VCGs revealed that all were pathogenic to plant. This research is first report of genetic diversity of F. oxysporum on Tuberose in Iran.

Several investigations was undertaken during 1999-2000 in south of Iran to collect mites associated with grasshoppers. Field collected grasshoppers were examined for the presence of mites on the body as well as thorax and wings. Mites were collected, cleared and mounted in Hoyer’s medium for study and the host grasshoppers identified. One species of Iolinid mites, Proctotydaeus schistocercae Fain & Evans, was collected from adults of desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal)(Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Ahvaz region, Khuzestan province. This is the first record of P.schistocercae in Iran, and is most probably the first report of this species associated with S.gregaria in the world.

During 2011-2012, a faunistic study was conducted to collect and identify on mites associated with elm bark beetles in Fars Science and Research center (Fars province). One species of cheyletid mites, Caudacheles khayae Gerson (1968), was collected from galleries of elm bark beetles. This is the first record of Caudacheles khayae in Iran.

Family Tabanidae comprises 4290 species of flies worldwide, including the commonly known horseflies and deerflies. They are important vectors of human and animal diseases. In Iran so far more than 80 species and subspecies of this family have been identified. In the current study, flies were collected using insect net, Malaise trap and Nzi trap from the Shiraz area and suburbs.A total of seven species belonging to the family Tabanidae, Subfamily Tabaninae and Genus Tabanus were identified. The species T. spodopteroides is recorded for the first time from Iran. All species are new records for Fars province.

During 2003-2004, a faunistic study was conducted to collect and identify on aquatic Hemiptera in Ghare-Agag river in Jahrom region (Fars province). A total of 14 species belonging to 6 families were collected and identified.These species were confirmed by Dr.Linnavuori (Finland) and Dr. Zettel (Austria).They are listed as follows: Family Gerridae (Leach, 1815)1- Aquarius paludum paludum (Fabricius, 1794), 2- Gerris (Gerris) costae fieberiStichel, 1938,3- Gerris (Gerris) thoracicus (Schummel, 1832)Family Veliidae Brullé, 18361-Microvelia (Microvelia) pygmaea (Dufour, 1833), 2- Velia (Plesiovelia)mancinii lyciae Tamanini, 1955Family Hydrometridae (Billberg, 1820)1-Hydrometra stagnorum (Linnaeus, 1758)Family Leptopodidae Brulle, 18361-Valleriola assouanensis (A. Costa, 1875)Family Corixidae Leach, 18151-Corixa affinis Leach, 1817, 2- Sigara (Tropocorixa) hoggarica Poisson, 1929,3- Sigara (Vermicorixa) lateralis (Leach, 1817), 4- Micronecta (Micronecta)anatolica anatolica Lindberg, 1922Family Notonectidae Latreille, 18021-Anisops debilis perplexus Poisson, 1929, 2- Notonecta (Notonecta) maculataFabricius, 1794, 3- Notonecta (Notonecta) viridis Delcourt, 1909