مجله الجمعیه العلمیه الایرانیه للغه العربیه و آدابها، فصلیه علمیه محکمه
سال هشتم شماره 5 (پیاپی 25، زمستان 1391)

Deabel-el-Khozaai was one of the most prominent Shiite poets in First and Second abbasid Period Was Known from Political to Stability and known Intellectual to Multiplicity Religions. Deabel was born in Kufah hence; he was influenced by the spirit of Shiite instructions in his thought and spirit. He began to feel injustice and wrongdoing from there and went on irony and satire for more than fifty years, as if he was seeking his crucifixion for a long time. His poems reflect a sense of duty and responsibility and show a sarcastic style in criticizing and dispraising the Abbasid caliphs. He dared enough to reveal corruptions of the rulers fearlessly. In a very unique and delicate way, he illustrated the corrupt government, deviation and anarchy in an agitated society.It is confirmed that Deabel's irony has no fun but social and political reformatory aims. In this article, an attempt is made to deal with Deabel's political responsibility and discuss his viewpoints. The main outcome reveals that Deabel was too daring to criticize caliphs, viziers and other agents directly and fearlessly. Sarcasm and irony is the gist of this great poet.

Samih al Qasem, due to his enormous political poems, is recognized as one of the famous and three-dimensional resistant Palestinian poets. Since the six-day war in 1967, we have witnessed remarkable changes in literary and political approaches of poets including Samih al Qasem in way that his political approaches transformed and led to a different and reciprocal viewpoints. With reference to importance and application of linguistic science (including discourse analysis) as a means to comment and analyze texts on one side and importance of actual approach of Qasem on the other side, this paper from discourse analysis tries to highlight the changes in Qasim's approach after the war. By this way, samples of poems before the war from the work "Mavaek al-Shams" and post-war samples from the work "La Ostazan Ahda" exiting verbs of these poems have been placed in conjunctional depressed discourse. These verbs have been studied under the framework of time and existing chapters so that with attention to changes in these two periods, the manner of changes in approach of the poet is manifested impartially and based on his works.

The holy Quran and its invaluable and elevated concepts have always had a significant presence in the writings of poets and literary scholars in different ages. The Quranic texts and the beauties applied to them are in such a way that make the holy book away from a distinguished time or period, hence; poets and scholars have always paid attention to the unique structure of verses and hidden rhetoric and tried to make their own words coherent by bounding it up with divine words. Mohammad Afifi Matar is among the contemporary Arab poets who in his works are inspired by the holy Quran and its divine verses and most often has combined the literary aspects of the verses with his own poems to create new images. Like many past and contemporary poets and being inspired by the structure and nuances used in the narrative texture of the verses and also being inspired by his own memory, Matar is in direct interaction and communication with the holy Quran. Contemplating on Aififi Matar's divan, we may find a wide presence of Quranic terms in his poetry that in most cases depicts Quranic rhetoric and concepts used in it. The current paper is an attempt to analyze Quranic rhetoric in Muhammad Afifi Matar' poetry from a semantic deviation point of view (metaphor, irony, simile, metonymy,). On this basis, the poet's application of beauties of Quranic rhetoric is evaluated in syntagmatic and paradigmatic axis.

Ibrahim Nasrallah is one of the renowned and prolific novelists and poets of contemporary Arabic literature who have been pioneer in both the fields. Nasrallah is one among modern novelist who in his work, through modern novel methods, highlights the pain and suffering of the Palestinians. The novel “Birds of Caution” is Nasrallah's first masterpiece of his six-volume collection "Palestinian Comedy", and is one of the outstanding examples of the contemporary Arabic fiction. In this novel, Nasrallah has revisited Quranic and religious characters. One of the structural and contextual features of "Birds of Caution" is the application of numerous heritages, specifically the religious heritage. Using this feature, he examines factors and events that led to the enslavement and displacement of the Palestinians. The concepts of caution and learning from other's misfortune are foundations of incidents and anecdotes in the novel where Nasrallah by merging them with hereditary concepts in the form of a comedy, expresses his thought. In the present study, the authors attempt to examine the indications and use of Quranic figures in the novel “Birds of Caution”.

Attractiveness is considered as a key element in narratives and an utmost point for its accomplishment writers apply all their capacities. In this respect, one can point to the time component that with the emergence of theories such as that of France's Gerard Genet, gained more and more importance. This search based on the content analysis tries to analyze the importance and effect of time and its types i.e. order, duration and frequency from the point of Gerard Genet in creating attraction in the short narrative of “Horizon behind Gates” by Ghasan Kanfani, a combatant Palestinian author. By this way, the paper tries to show as how the writer created some kinds of complexity and ambiguity in his narrative by looking backwards, providence and making changes in the direct order of narrative, its initiation from the middle part of the story, playing with time, injecting some sort of feeling and emotions, using the outward-oriented structure, consistency with space creation, negative acceleration towards attractive incidences and positive acceleration towards boring and repetitive parts of the narrative, getting the reader closer to or far from the story and in frequency with focusing on parts which are exciting and parts that create suspense, repeating and stating mental struggle of the narrative characters, In a way that makes the reader curious about the rest of the narrative. It also uses the feelings and emotions of readers and makes them sensitive towards the destiny of his characters, and by this means he constructs his plot in a favorable and complex manner and makes it more interesting for readers.

The children literature as a means of education, apart from security physical, mental and emotional needs, they play undeniable roles in augmenting the level of awareness as well as expanding the horizons of expectations of children of the society and government planners. Undoubtedly, the intellectual human bloc is from the childhood, therefore, the attention to the works that are created in the domain of children literature, could have invaluable share in the future planning of the society. Children's literature started its courser from the mid nineteenth century on Arab lands with pioneer effort of Egypt. Here, Nabil Suleiman Suleiman Khalaf popularly known as Nabil Khalaf, a contemporary Egyptian writer and poet, has made invaluable efforts in the development of these kinds of literature and have had an active and targeted role in educating and guiding children's behavior. Research findings show that the proposed storyteller, through different works in the domain of children and youth literatures including the creation of story "Revolution of Children" follows human values and desires such as right of self-determination, peace, freedom, justice, and hope for a bright future, fight against force and oppression, courage, friendship among modern Egyptian generation. The awakening and revolution of Egyptians with respect to the timing of the publication of the aforementioned story (2002), is the evidence of fruitful conclusion of Nabil Khalaf's endeavors in intellectual and cultural growth of youth in Egypt. The research follows descriptive and analytical methods and tries to analyze imaginary personalities and things of story and human natures in it.

Thousand and One Nights as the most famous collection of fairytales, with peculiarity of being multi-cultural, has often been the center of attraction of great eastern and western writers. Here, Naguib Mahfouz, the winner of 1988 Nobel Prize in Literature, has based one of his famous works on "Thousand and One Nights" and compiled in similar fashion hence; this research has comparatively analyzed the two works in explaining similarities and differences from their elemental and structural aspects as well as thematic and contextual domains of the two books. A complete structural study of the two works and comparison of anecdotes and personalities that Mahfouz derived from the Thousand and One Nights indicate that in this work in order to safeguard the actual framework of anecdotes, characters, heroes and anecdotal elements of main book, Mahfouz could successfully narrate them in differet time epoch. In this work Mahfouz could narrate the anecdotes of Thousand and One Nights with supreme skill in different time and wherever there was technical problem in the actual classic work, in the work Mahfouz could write in a way that those problems were elevated.