نشریه مدیریت ارتقای سلامت
سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 8، پاییز 1392)

Asthma is a common chronic illness in children that effects patients` and their families` quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of family-centered Empowerment Model on quality of life of school aged children with asthma.

This study was a quasi-experimental research on 172 children between 6 and12 years old، whom were referred to asthma clinic in Kerman Afzalipoor Hospital. For this purpose، in control and experimental group were selected based on convenience sampling. Data was gathered using «Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire» and was approved with content validity and reliability (α=0. 80). The model has four stages (increase knowledge، self-empowerment، self-steam and evaluation) and was used in discussions، demonstrations and cooperative leanings with experimental group. The participants completed questionnaire before and after intervention. For data analysis SPSS/16 was used.

Results showed that before intervention there was not any significant difference between two groups in quality of life scores. However، after intervention، quality of life scores in experimental and between two groups was different (p<0. 05).

Findings showed that the designed model has improved quality of life in children (symptoms، activity limitation، and emotional function). Hence، usage of this model is also suggested for other chronic illness.

Self-efficacy is the belief in ability to perform an action. Experiences dominate the most powerful source of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is effective on behavioral choices، effort، and persistence and track targets and determines how to deal with obstacles and challenges. How people make decisions when faced conflict can be either constructive or destructive. The aim of this study was to determine correlation between self-efficacy and nurses’ conflict management strategies in National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) central hospital of Tehran This is a descriptive-correlation study. The sample involved of 91 nurses which have been selected through random sampling. In this study demographic questionnaire، «Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale» (GSE-10) and «Organizational Communication Conflict Instrument» (OCCI form B) were used to collect data. SPSS/18، were also used to analyze the data. Based on results، the mean score of nurses’ Self-Efficacy was 29. 82 and the mean score of Conflict Management Strategies including Solution Oriented Strategy، Non-Confrontational Strategy and Control Strategy were 4. 85، 3. 88 and 3. 39 respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficients showed that there was a positive correlation between Self-Efficacy and Solution Oriented Strategy (P=0. 04). However، there was no significant correlation between Self-Efficacy and Non-Confrontational Strategy or Control Strategy (P>0. 05). Findings showed that self-efficacy has a positive correlation with Solution Oriented Strategy. Implementation of workshop in regard to self-efficacy and dealing with conflict، for nurses is suggested.

The key to successful management of large number of victims with limited resources is triage، which without preparedness of nurses seem to be impossible. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of simulated training course on preparedness of nurses to do pre-hospital triage at Razi psychiatric hospital. This is a quasi-experimental study on 60 nurses in Razi psychiatric hospital who according to the inclusion criteria and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups equally by 30. The study tools developed by the researcher included “Knowledge of Disaster Triage Test” that contains 30 questions of four-choice. The “Accuracy of Disaster Triage Test” also contains 30 questions with four-choice. Face validity and content validity has been evaluated. Reliability were evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha for the “Knowledge of Disaster Triage Test” 0. 75 and for the “Accuracy of Disaster Triage Test” 0. 78. A day workshop “Disaster Triage Simulation Method” was arranged for intervention group and two groups were assessed by study tools before and after intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS/16. The mean score of nurses preparedness regarding triage training (Knowledge and accuracy) in the intervention group were significantly different before and after the intervention (p<0. 001). The mean difference of nurses preparedness triage training (Knowledge and accuracy) there were significantly different between the two groups respectfully (p<0. 001). The results of the study showed، using the simulation method on triage training improved the nurses preparedness to do disaster triage. Therefore it is recommended to do this training program for nurses’ to improve their preparedness for disaster triage.

Nurse’s competency plays an important role in achieving health system objectives. One of the problems in health care system in various countries is the level of nurses'' competencies. The aim of this study was to determine clinical competency and psychological empowerment of nurses and their correlation with demographic characteristics.

In this descriptive-correlational study، 170 subjects were selected through simple random sampling method among the nurses of social security hospitals in Tehran. Data was gathered by the questionnaire with three parts: personal-social characteristics، “Clinical Competency Questionnaire «and» Psychological Empowerment Spreitzer«. Validity and reliability were confirmed in previous studies. Data were analyzed by SPSS/13.

The highest mean score in clinical competency was seen in managerial capabilities dimension (44. 41±5. 8) and the lowest mean score also was seen in diagnostic procedures dimension (13. 94±1. 84). The highest mean score in psychological empowerment was in competency dimension (9. 4±1. 38) and the lowest mean score also was in independence dimension (8. 37±1. 72). In addition، there was a significant correlation between the number of staff in ward، educational status of nurses and some dimensions of clinical competency and psychological empowerment and also between the working experience in current ward and some dimensions of clinical empowerment and clinical work experience and some psychological empowerment dimensions (P<0. 05).

Based on the higher rate of managerial capabilities and diagnostic procedures، in opposite of nurses impact and independence، retraining programs، continuing education or in-service education programs for nurses، giving more authority and more responsibility to nurses can promote sense of independence in all nurses

Health promotion behavior is one of the health criteria. On the other hand، depression، anxiety and stress are the most common psychological problems among students. The aim of this study was to determine health promotion behaviors and its relation with anxiety and some students’ demographic factors of Alborz University of Medical Sciences. In this descriptive-correlational study، 160 students of the Alborz university were selected through simple random sampling method. The data collection instruments was a demographic questionnaire، «Spielberger Anxiety Inventory» with 40 items and Health- Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II) questionnaire with 52 questions. The validity of instruments was determined by content validity and the reliability was obtained by internal consistency and alpha Cronbach coefficient for Spielberger Anxiety Inventory (α=0. 90) and for (HPLP-II) questionnaire (α=0. 92). The data was analyzed with SPSS/18. Anxiety prevalence among students was 58. 9 percent in this study. Among subsets of health promoting behaviors، spiritual growth index with a mean (2. 99±0. 56) and physical activity index with a mean (2. 16±0. 64)، were assigned to the highest and lowest scores، respectively. Between health promoting behaviors and gender (P<0. 0001) and being native and study of non-school related books (P=0. 001) a significant relationship was found. The relation between anxiety and health promoting behavior was decreasing; hence the strongest significant relationship was between anxiety and spiritual development index (-0. 56). The results indicate anxiety among over than half of students، reverse relationship between health promoting behaviors and anxiety and inappropriate health behaviors، especially in the aspects of health promoting physical activity and nutrition among students. Conducting this research in other universities is recommended.

In recent studies related to organization، the concept of organizational citizenship behavior has attracted the attention of many researchers and managers. Job Involvement is also an important variable that helps to increase the effectiveness of organization. This study aimed to determine correlation between organizational citizenship behavior and job involvement of staff at two educational and private hospitals. This study is a descriptive-correlational study that has taken place among 300 staffs that were selected randomly، in two public and private hospitals in Tehran. The Data gathering instrument was a valid and reliable questionnaire that was consists of three parts: demographic information، «Organizational Citizenship Behavior» questionnaire، in five dimensions: conscience، altruism، virtue-orienting، magnanimity and courtesy and «Job Involvement» questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by using SPSS/18. Pearson test showed significant correlation (P<0. 000) between citizenship behavior and job involvement of employees of two hospitals. Also in private hospital، there was a significant correlation between all dimensions of citizenship behavior and job involvement، except the item of courtesy. In public hospital، only between job involvement and altruism were not found significant correlations. According to the results and importance of citizenship behavior in increasing Job involvement of hospitals staff، the most critical institution، it is suggested that managers try to improve organizations citizenship behavior by setting appropriate policies and strategies in their organization staff.

Nursing is a stressful occupation that its related tensions could affect individual spiritual health. Therefore، defense style against stress is very important for nurses. The aim of this study was comparative defense style used by nursing personnel in stressful situations، in Abadan College of Medical Sciences. This descriptive study was carried out at the Abadan College of Medical Sciences. The study population consisted of 100 nurses from Abadan and Khorramshahr hospitals'' that was selected by purposive Sampling method. Data were collected by questionnaires include demographic data and «Defensive Styles Questionnaire - 40» that consist of three parts of mature defense style، neurotic and immature. Cronbach alpha of the questionnaire was 0. 82 and data were analyzed using SPSS/18 software. Appropriate statistical analysis such as one way ANOVA، Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test were employed to analyze the collected data. The results showed that 67. 3% of Taleghani Hospitals and 67. 2% of Vali-e-asr hospitals’ Nurses used mature defense style as defense mechanism. The mean score for mature defense style was 11. 55±2. 4 which illustrates that most nurses used this type of defense style. Although the results of this study showed that most nurses'' in front of occupational exposure to stress used appropriate and mature defense mechanisms but around one – third of them used inappropriate defense mechanism. Teaching defense style to nurses to cope with anxiety and stress is suggested for future study work.

The growing number of older people in world، will increase chronic diseases. It is necessary empowerment interventions for reduce health costs، authority and self-efficacy attainment and informed health related decisions-making. The aim of this article was to critically analyze the findings of publish review empowerment interventions studies in older people with chronic diseases.

This descriptive review was conducted to examine how empowerment is conceptualized across interventions. Computerized and manual searches were conducted of articles regardless of the time limit. Computerized searches of Academic Search Ovid، Science Direct، Elsevier and IranMedex databases were conducted. During this search، 20 studies were found which met the inclusion criteria. These studies were assessed and criticized based on Sidani & Braden (1998) framework

Results showed that some studies did not use the theoretical frame and outcome of criteria were not clear too. In addition، all of empowerment dimensions effects of demographic variables on empowerment were neither considered، nor had a follow-up program.

According empowerment interventions and its limitations، it is suggested that all empowerment dimensions should be considered in further research studies.