International Journal of Management and Business Research
Volume:2 Issue: 4, 2012

The present paper aimed at studying the current models of credit portfolio management. There are currently three types of models which consider the risk of credit portfolio: the structural models (Moody''s KMV model, and Credit- Metrics model), the intensity models (the actuarial models) and the econometric models (the Macro-factors model). The development of these three types of models is based on a theoretical basis developed by several researchers. The evolution of their default frequencies and the size of the loan portfolio are expressed as functions of macroeconomic and microeconomic conditions as well as unobservable credit risk factors, which would be explained by other factors. The present study developed three sections to explain the different characteristics of those three models. ¶The purpose of all the models is to express the default probability of credit portfolio.

Historically, the Islamic state collected zakat (similar to the tithe of other regions) as national income. In Indonesia, the private sector can raise zakat funds more effectively than the government. In 2010, zakat became tax-deductible income. This paper tries to analyze some factors that affect preference for zakat as a tax deduction in Indonesia. The effectiveness of the regulation is also investigated. In addition, zakat can deduct tax is a plan for next regulation proposal. This research also aims to see for further action, zakat can deduct tax. Research methodologies were hard copy and online questionnaires and phone interviews with the tax office’s customer service. Samples were taken from April through June 2012. Results showed that motivation and trust factors affected the preference for tax-deductible zakat, while most tax officers were not aware of the popular concern about zakat as a tax deduction. We propose involving human resources departments in companies’ deductions of taxable income and promoting awareness of the issue among tax officers as solutions to this problem.

In this paper, the competition between two supply chains and their elements is studied. Each chain consisted of a manufacturer and a distributor and the two chains compete in a market with single type of customer sensitive to price and delivery time. Therefore, this is a two-supply chain game and during the competition between two supply chains, elements of each supply chain (manufacturer and/or distributor) may follow either centralized or decentralized strategy; i.e. within each supply chain the elements may choose to cooperate or compete in order to achieve more profit. Combined strategies between two supply chains and their elements are of four types: i. both chains apply centralized policy; ii. The first chain chooses centralized and the second one follows decentralized policy; iii. The first chain applies decentralized and the second one chooses centralized policy; iv. Both chains follow decentralized policy. The competition between two chains was analyzed as a Stackelberg game and without loss of generality supposing that the first chain acts as leader and the second one is the follower. The profit earned by each supply chain is related to the aforementioned combination of strategies chosen by each supply chain. Finally numerical examples are provided to investigate these strategies and to determine the best combined strategy by comparing the profit of chain elements and whole profit of each chain.

The telecom services have been recognized the world-over as an important tool for socioeconomic development for a nation and hence telecom infrastructure is treated as a crucial factor to realize the socio-economic objectives in India. Accordingly, the Department of Telecom has been formulating developmental policies for the accelerated growth of the telecommunication services. BSNL is a wholly owned Government of India undertaking, which provides the largest share of telecom services on fixed line networks in the country. BSNL’s land lines which were its main source of income have been coming down due to subscribers giving up land line connections in favor of mobile connections. Whereas in the rest of the world, land line has been able to find value addition through cordless telecommunication systems, the same has not been the case in India; this has affected BSNL’s fortunes vary adversely. This article attempts to analyze the BSNL consumer problems and their perceptions about services of the company. A structure questionnaire was designed and conducted the survey of the customers of BSNL, to obtain the result. In majority of the cases consumers are adverse about the services offered by the BSNL.

This study identifies and compares the antecedent of Nigerian students’ perception on business social responsibility. Part of its objectives is to examine the perception of business students in terms of importance of business social responsibility with respect to profitability, and the effectiveness of social responsibility in both long and short terms. The study reviews the related literature on the perception of business students on BSR. The variable in this study was measured using 7- point scale ranging from 1 strongly disagree to 7 strongly agree, one hundred and sixty three copies of questionnaires were administered to the respondents at Kano state polytechnic, which is one of the largest polytechnics in Nigeria. Two hundred and twenty four copies of questionnaire were returned. This represent total response rate of 78.3%. The study uses a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The finding shows that while there is no significant relationship between Long term successes and profitability, there is significant relationship between profitability and short term success. The study recommends the improvement in ethics education in Nigerian universities.

This research aimed at applying SERVQUAl model to examine the relationship between mobile banking services and customer satisfaction. While the previous researchers had already examined the effect of qualities services on banking customer satisfaction, no previous study was done on mobile banking. Thus, the current paper attempted to fill the gap in the literature by applying SERVQUAL model to study the quality of the mobile banking services rendered by the banks in Iran. The researcher has used the customer satisfaction as the dependent variable and the five dimensions of service quality; namely, tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy, as the independent variables.Results showed that the four variables tangible (0.204), reliability (0.342), responsiveness (0.282), and empathy (0.345) would correlate with satisfaction significantly. However, the assurance factor would have no relationship with CS.The ANOVA test showed thatthere was a significant correlation between mobile banking services and customer satisfaction.

This study investigates the factors affecting the brand loyalty of the customers of Auto-mobile industry in region of Pakistan with the use of ECSI model. A well-organized structured questionnaire was distributed among the customers of Auto-mobile industry. The questionnaire was based on 5 Point likert-type scale. Results show that the customer expectations have a direct positive impact on perceived value and an indirect impact on customer satisfaction. The study also finds that to satisfy the customers, customer’s education plays an important and positive role. Furthermore, the study finds a negative relationship between customer trust and customer loyalty. It is probably due to Pakistani culture in which the customers cannot fully trust the firm. Additionally, it is suggested that the ECSI model should be modified because customer education and trust are not present in the present model. In this regard, further research is required. Finally the study suggests that there should be an effort by the firm to improve the perceived quality because it positively influences the perceived value and customer satisfaction.