مجله تحقیقات دام و طیور
سال یکم شماره 2 (1391)

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of different levels of garlic powder (GP) on fattening performance and blood metabolites of Dalagh male lambs. Twenty male lambs of Dalagh breed with 10 months of age and mean initial body weight of 31.5 ± 2.5 kg were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments with five replicates per treatment in a completely randomize design (CRD) for a period of 91 days (7 days for adaptation and 84 days trial). The experimental treatments were: control (without GP), 5 gr GP, 10 gr GP and 15 gr GP/lamb/day. The lambs were fed individually ad libitum. The blood samples were collected in weeks 0, 4, 8, 12 and lambs were weighted every two weeks. Dry matter intake (DMI) was determined every two weeks. Dry matter intake of lambs fed with 15 grams GP per day increased as compared to control. Adding GP had no significant effect on average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The GP had no effect on serum blood glucose, urea and triglyceride concentration, but treatment with high garlic powder decreased blood urea and triglyceride numerically. In conclusion, the results showed that dry matter intake of lambs fed with 15 grams GP per day increased as compared to control but there were no change in fattening performance and blood metabolites of male Dalagh lambs.

In this research، a total of 27،241 edited records from four distinct files of calving، pedigree، insemination and production collected by Iranian animal breeding center، from 1984 to 2007 were used to study effects of inbreeding، on various traits in 543 herds of Iranian Holsteins. The traits was age at first freshening، days of productive life، total milk، mean fat percent، mean calving interval، relative net income (lifetime profit) and RNI per day (profit per day of lifetime). Preparing and required edition of the data was undertaken by Foxpro and Excel software. For calculating the inbreeding coefficients، Pedigree software (Sargolzaee، 2000) was utilised. The overall average inbreeding coefficients was 1. 63%. Relative net income of per cow was calculated by Shadparvar equivalent (1999) based on the costs and incomes of 2007، from Sefidroud (first farm) and Maghan (second farm) farms. The effects of inbreeding on the traits were analyzed by a model (with inclusion of herd and first calving year) by Proc GLM of SAS program. In the model، herd and first calving year effects on all traits was highly significant (P<0. 001). Inbreeding effect on age at first freshening، total milk، RNI and RNIPD was highly significant (P<0. 001). This effect was not significant on productive life، mean fat percent and mean of calving interval. The result of this research showed that the average inbreeding coefficient in Iranian Holsteins was lower than the other populations، which could be the result of the avoidance of farmers from inbreeding and also because of incomplete or wrong information. This research also revealed that the price level of products and nourishment costs could affect the profitability of inbred cow such that an inbred cow is harmful in one herd but is useful on the other herd condition.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of medicinal plant blend (pennyroyal، nettle and chicory) with and without enzyme (Safizym GP 800) on performance، egg quality and blood biochemical parameters of laying hens. The experiment was carried out as a factorial (3×2) (0، 0. 75% [0. 25% from each plant]، 1. 5% pennyroyal، nettle and chicory [0. 5% from each plant]،) and (0، 0. 05% enzyme) in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 216 Hi-line (W36) laying hens in six treatments and three replicates (with twelve hens in each replicate) for a period of 12 weeks during weeks 25-37 of hen ages. Results revealed that the use of different levels of medicinal plant blend، enzyme and interaction between them had significant effects on performance، egg traits and blood biochemical parameters of laying hens (P<0. 05). The highest egg production was obtained by using 0. 75% medicinal plants blend. The highest amounts of egg specific gravity، blood triglyceride and total protein were obtained by using 1. 5% medicinal plants blend. Using 0. 05% enzyme significantly improved the performance of laying hens. Regarding interaction effects، the highest performance was found when using the highest egg production percent، highest egg mass and the highest amount of feed 0. 75% medicinal plants blend × 0. 05% enzyme. The overall results indicated that using 0. 75% of medicinal plants (pennyroyal، nettle and chicory) blend with 0. 05% enzyme supplementation (Safizym GP 800) could improve the production parameters of laying hens.

Purslane herb is one of the richest plant sources of omega-3 fatty acids and there are different antioxidants and minerals in different parts of this plant. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of using portulaca oleracea plant on performance of Japanese quail. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 180 of Japanese quails allocated to three treatments and four replicates (with 15 birds in each replicate). The period of the experiment was 42 days. The experimental treatments were: 1) control group without using Purslane plant، 2) control group + 1/5% of purslane plant، 3) control group +3% of purslane plant. On day 42 after slaughter، carcass characteristics were measured. The birds under purslane plant treatment had higher relative weight for heart compared to the control group (P<0. 05). The treatments had no effect on other carcass traits. The results indicated that the use of purslane plant had significantly effects on performance of Japanese quail. The highest amount of weight gain and the lowest feed conversion were observed in Purslane herb experimental groups (P<0. 05).

In this research، growth traits (birth and weaning weight، and pre-weaning average daily gain) records collected from 11،837 Baluchi lambs (represented 300 rams and 3،694 dams) during 31 years (1978-2008) in two flocks of Abbas Abad breeding station، Mashhad were used. Probability of «more than the average» was modeled for some environmental factors using logistic regression for the traits. The overall average and standard error of birth and weaning weight، pre-weaning average daily gain were 4. 32 (±0. 007)، 22. 33 (±0. 046) kg and 193. 22 (±0. 436) gr، respectively. The results indicated that year، sex and birth type of lamb had statistically significant effect on the probability of «more than the average» for all traits. Based on estimated regression coefficient، year of birth had negative effect on the probability associated with birth weight (-0. 014) while it had positive effects on the probability of weaning weight (0. 19) and pre-weaning average daily gain (0. 017). Inbreeding was found to have negative effects on the probability associated with birth (-2. 399) and weaning (-1. 495) weights. Dam age at lambing had positive effect on the probability associated with birth weight (0. 02). The probability associated with weaning weight (0. 087) was found to be positively affected by weaning age.

The pancreas contains both exocrine and endocrine components that secrete digestive enzymes and peptide hormones respectively. These two components are very different structurally and functionally but are intermingled within the gland. In the present study، the pancreases of 15 adult healthy animals (5 per each species) were used. After dissecting them، the pancreas of animals fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and then subjected to routine tissue processing for light microscopy. Different structures of the stroma and parenchyma of pancreas in hamster، guinea pig and rabbit were histomorphometrically studied using micrometrical method. All of parameters between three animals were analyzed and compared using ANOVA test. Results showed that the pancreas in three species was lobulated and compound tubulo-acinar gland having exocrine and endocrine portions. In the present study، the secretory acini of pancreas were oval or irregularly round and composed of 5 to 7 pyramidal cells arranged around a small central lumen. The mean percent of the islets of langerhans to the total pancreatic tissue in guinea pig (29. 8 ± 16. 04) was more than rabbit (9. 55 ± 4. 60) and hamster (10. 8 ± 3. 71). In hamster، diameter of islet was more than other animals. There was significant difference in diameter of islet of langerhans between animals (P<0. 001). It was observed 191. 30 µm، 41. 56 µm and 54. 60 µm in hamster، rabbit and guinea pig respectively.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of pennyroyal and vegetable oils blend (soybean، sunflower and cotton seed oils) on performance، egg quality، blood biochemical and immunity parameters of laying hens. The experiment was carried out as a factorial (3×3) (0، 1، 2% pennyroyal) and (0، 2. 5، 5% vegetable oils blend) in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 324 of Hi-line (W36) laying hens with nine treatments and three replicates (and twelve hens in each replicate) for a period of 12 weeks during weeks 25-37 of hen ages. Results indicated that the use of different levels of pennyroyal and vegetable oils blend had significant effects on performance، egg traits and blood biochemical parameters of laying hens (P<0. 05). The highest egg production percent، highest egg mass and the highest amount of daily feed intake were resulted by using 1% pennyroyal. The lowest amount of daily feed intake was observed by using diet with 5% of vegetable oil blend whereas the highest amount of daily feed intake was obtained with no use of vegetable oil blend. The lowest amount of egg specific gravity and lowest eggshell softness were observed by using 2% pennyroyal. The lowest eggshell softness was obtained by using 5% vegetable oils blend and the highest eggshell softness was recorded by using 2. 5% vegetable oils blend. The highest levels of triglyceride and uric acid were resulted by using 1% pennyroyal. Using different levels of nettle and vegetable oils blend had no any significant effects on immunity parameters of laying hens. There were no any interaction effects between nettle and vegetable oils blend levels on performance، egg traits، blood biochemical parameters and immunity levels of laying hens.