نشریه اندیشه مدیریت راهبردی
سال هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 13، بهار و تابستان 1392)

Political approach to the administration of public sector shapes certain behaviors in public organizations. A dowry political phenomenon is an outcome of such approach in the administration of public organizations. Political dowry refers to what a political candidate has brought or hopes to inject in a destination organization that based on public treachery (Bytolmal). The author has tried to depict this phenomenon in a conceptual narrative on the basis of the existing knowledge in public administration، organizational theory and political science on the one hand، and his own theoretical knowledge on the other. He also describes the manner of political dowry occurrence، and after analyzing its mechanism in public administration، he explains its organizational and national consequences and gives warnings about its propagation in the country’s public sector administration.

The assessment of the culture part in 1st to 4th Development Programs shows that there is still a long way to achieve their goals and desired consequences. If we approach it from the perspective of policy making science، we understand that this problem is because of the cultural policy implementation barriers. In fact، implementation of cultural policies of the 1st to 4th Development Programs have confronted limitations resulting in incomplete achievement of the goals despite many efforts. In this research، causes of this problem have been discovered by using the experiences and viewpoints of the implementers of the cultural policies during the last two decades and cultural experts، and their interactions have been showed in a model. In this research which has been performed by “thematic analysis” methodology، 18 in-depth interviews were held with the implementers of the cultural policies and experts and analyzed by the qualitative data analysis software MAXQDA in three stages of descriptive coding، interpretive coding and overarching themes. The result was 555 codes، 248 descriptive themes، 22 interpretive themes and finally the pathological model of the implementation of the cultural policies of 1st to 4th Development Programs. This model explores the cultural policies implementation barriers in 5 fields of “meta policy-making system”، “cultural system”، “cultural policy-making system”، “society (people)” and “interactions between cultural system and society”.

In recent two decades، the concept of performance has become the core of public management reform and major goal of it. Now performance management is a shared agenda in the public management literature across the globe. Stakeholders want to know about the results and outcomes of public organizations’ activities and their performance information. Thus this era is named the era of governance by performance management. But the academic literature is far from applying a consistent interpretation on performance meaning and issuing an obvious statement about performance management elements in the public sector and there is no consensus in this area. Notwithstanding many debates، performance management remains something of an enigma and is lacking in a coherent meta-analysis. This article by using a qualitative approach and thematic analysis method focuses on organizational performance management models in the public sector and tries to analyze and classify these models and depict themes network in order to reveal patterns embedded in data. Then a typology from different models of performance management in public organizations is formed based on organizing themes and a comprehensive conceptual model is designed. Based on the proposed conceptual model represented in this article، the desired organizational performance management model consists of three dimensions; content (performance dimensions and criteria) context (internal and external performance drivers) and process (performance management and improvement stages). Such a model should be developed in every organization by considering its specific features.

This study presents a model for designing and analyzing consumer behavior. Using heuristic approach based on the Islamic literature، the research model was achieved. The model consists of three variables: stinginess، moderation and extravagance. The variables stinginess، moderation and extravagance are based on the behavior of consumers in relation to themselves and others and form the model of consumer behavior analysis in a continuum. Based on this model، nine consumer models have been obtained and it could be claimed that each individual acts according to one of them. These patterns include «spendthrift»، «spendthrift/others-moderate/oneself»، «spendthrift/others-stingy/oneself»، «moderate/others-spendthrift/oneself»، «moderate»، «moderate/others-spendthrift/oneself»، «stingy/others-spendthrift/oneself»، «stingy/others-moderate/oneself»، and «stingy». In order to analyze consumer behavior and direct it towards the desired pattern، i. e. moderation in consumption، consumption pattern coordinate system has been developed. Under this system، consumption area consists of four strategic domains: extravagance-based، extravagance/stinginess-based، stinginess-based، and stinginess/extravagance-based.

During the last two decades many countries have attempted to downsize the government through transferring governmental companies into private sector. The process that is called «privatization»، in addition to expanding the private sector، can increase the government’s supervisory power. In this regard، the privatization of governmental enterprises and companies has been started in Iran in the past few years. There are various methods for privatization. The most widely used one in all countries including our country، is selling the shares of governmental enterprises to the private sector through the stock exchange. Empirical evidence suggests that governments are interested in underpricing governmental shares in initial public offering. Usually underpricing of governmental companies is higher than the underpricing of nongovernmental companies in initial public offering. This research at first tries to compare the underpricing of governmental companies and the underpricing of nongovernmental companies in initial public offerings of Tehran Stock Exchange. Then it tries to identify the determinants of the underpricing in each group and finally it determines the contribution of each determinant. Findings indicate that all the companies appearing in Tehran Stock Exchange، both governmental and nongovernmental، are underpriced، but there are no significant differences between underpricing of governmental companies and the underpricing of nongovernmental companies in initial public offerings. Additionally، the only factor affecting the underpricing of nongovernmental companies in one or three-month maturity، is the number of personnel and the only factor affecting the underpricing of governmental companies in one-week maturity is the percentage of capital supplied in the initial public offering.

Policy makers and programmers of Islamic financial markets try to use basic Islamic contracts for designing and creating new Islamic financial instruments and replace them with conventional instruments، so investors try to assess these new instruments in every respect. One of the most important sides of these new Islamic instruments is their risks. In this regard this essay is seeking to define the common and specific risks of Islamic financial instruments through the method of Delphi، and then in the next part it has ranked those risks by using the method of AHP. Statistics shows that the most common Islamic instruments are: Musharakah، Ijarah، Mudharabah، Istisna’، Murabaha، Salam، and diminishing Musharakah. The method of Delphi clarified that the most important risks are: market risk، inflation risk، liquidity risk، operational risk، shari’ah risk، and default and credit risk. Afterwards the AHP method showed that the highest and lowest risks of that instrument are as follows: the highest and lowest credit risk exists in the Salam and diminishing Musharakah، the highest and lowest market risk exists in the Mudharabah and Murabaha، the highest and lowest liquidity risk exists in the Salam and Murabaha، the highest and lowest default risk exists in the Salam and Musharakah، the highest and lowest inflation risk exists in the Murabaha and diminishing Musharakah، the highest and lowest operational risk exists in the diminishing Musharakah and Murabaha، and the highest and lowest shari’ah risk exists in the Salam and Ijarah. This essay is important for two kinds of people: first of all financial investors and second for the ones who try to design and issue new Islamic financial instruments.

Nowadays، in modern economies، insurance is one of the most important parts of economy، just after the banking. Not only in Islamic countries، but also in North America، Australia، China، Russia، and some other European countries- totally in 22 countries in the world- Islamic insurance is active. Hence، “Conventional” and “Takaful” are discussed as two items which can substitute each other. In this research، the efficiency and function of Takaful and Conventional insurance companies are compared by determined indexes and by using AHP. The results show that efficiency of products of Takaful besides the products of Conventional insurance will noticeably help in increasing the penetration rate of the insurance، developing the variety of financial services، and developing the economy in the country.

The research done so far by means of overreaction and consequently aimed at gaining abnormal return based on contrarian investment strategy on Tehran stock exchange has been pursuing cumulative abnormal return. Recent studies in developed markets have shown that using cumulative abnormal returns has been biased and led to the wrong results. This research uses the holding period return instead of cumulative abnormal return to have a reliable result. It is based on the study of two، four and six year portfolios. The research findings show that there is overreaction only in long-term periods، but، unlike previous research، using the contrarian investment strategy in any one of the triple periods، doesn''t result in getting abnormal return.