Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences
Volume:3 Issue: 2, 2013

Recent studies have shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a very important role in the intracellular signaling process in physiological conditions. On the other hand، during the recent decade it has been indicated that ROS play a role in various types of male infertility and it is due to the overproduction of ROS or decrease in the antioxidant defense system in the reproductive system and sperm. In pathological conditions، ROS via interferences in the spermatogenesis process، sperm function، and sperm structure (motility، viability، acrosome reaction، sperm-oocyte fusion، and damage to DNA and cell membrane) as well as reduction in fertilization and implantation can lead to infertility. Knowledge of how ROS affect the physiological process of the reproductive system is crucial in the treatment of infertility. Thus، in this review article we will discuss experimental and clinical findings related to the effects of ROS on male fertility.

Helicobacter pylori has been recognized as a major risk factor in gastric and duodenum ulcers and gastric cancer. Some laboratory tests، such as culture، are not entirely satisfying. The aim of this study is to compare RUT with PCR in identifying H. pylori in the gastric biopsy tissue samples. First، the standard H. pylori sample (N: oC30) was provided. primers or the glmM (ureC) gene were used In PCR method The PCR test was optimized by sensitivity and specificity methods. Then 100 clinical samples composed of stomach tissue biopsy were prepared. The rapid urease test was conducted on all obtained samples to identify H. pylori. DNA was extracted from samples using DNG plus technique. Then، samples were studied using PCR method. The 294 bp product was amplified in the optimized PCR test. The PCR test sensitivity was obtained at 10 CFU. Any unwanted products were not seen in the specificity test with the exception of H. pylori DNA samples. Of 100 stomach biopsy samples، 64% were reported as positive by RUT and 76% by the PCR test. Given that the PCR test has higher sensitivity and specificity to detect H. pylori comparing rapid ureaas test، therefore this method could be used to detect H. pylori.

The induction of anesthesia، laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation can be associated with adverse hemodynamic response and increased intraocular pressure. The aim of this study was to evaluate intraocular pressure and hemodynamic changes after laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation with three methods of laryngoscopy (Macintosh، Maccoy and Video laryngoscope).

One hundred and eighty patients with American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) classification of I and II، aged 20-70 year، were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial (RCT). Anesthesia was induced by administration of Propofol 2 mg/kg، Fentanyl 1µg/kg and Cisatracurium 0. 1mg/kg. the Hemodynamic information of the patients and intraocular pressures were documented and assessed in three stages (after induction of anesthesia and endotracheal intubation، and 5 minutes after endotracheal intubation using Maccoy، Macintosh and Video laryngoscope).

Hemodynamic parameters'' of patients increased in these three groups compared with those of pre anesthesia measures، but this increase was not significant. Evaluation of intraocular pressure (IOP) in Video laryngoscope group showed that there is a significant drop in intraocular pressure (IOP) compared with other groups. There weren’t any significant differences of IOP after intubation in Maccoy compared to the Macintosh group. Nevertheless there was not any significant difference in IOP، before and five minutes after intubation in these groups.

According to a low degree of augment of IOP in Video laryngoscope group and no changes in the Hemodynamic parameters، it seems that the use of Video laryngoscope in eye surgeries might be more suitable for endotracheal intubation.

The parabrachial nucleus is a critical link in the transmission of short latency nociceptive information to midbrain neurons. GABA (A) receptors have bidirectional roles in controlling nociception and are abundant in the parabrachial region. We examined the effects of bilateral intra parabrachial microinjection of different doses of the GABA (A) receptor agonist، muscimol، and the GABA (A) receptor antagonist، bicuculline، on pain modulation using a tail-flick test. Rats were anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (55 mg/kg) and then special cannulas were inserted stereotaxically into the parabrachial nucleus. After 1 week of recovery، the effects of microinjection of muscimol، (62. 5، 125،250 ng/side) or bicuculline، (50،100،200 ng/side) into the parabrachial on tail flick latencies were assessed. Tail-flick latencies were measured for 60 minutes every 5 min after drug microinjection. Microinjection of muscimol (62. 5، 125 ng/side) and bicuculline (50،100،200 ng/side) into the parabrachial did not have any statistically significant effect on tail-flick latency. Administration of، muscimol، (250 ng/side) produced thermal hyperalgesia (P<0. 05). The results of the present study showed that in this model of pain gaba a receptors in the paracrachial region are not Endogenously activated but these receptors in this region have a potential to affect pain modulation.

Leptospirosis as an important emerging infectious zoonotic disease caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. Given the low sensitivity and long duration of its culture، the diagnosis of leptospirosis is mainly based on serological methods. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is considered as the reference method. Because of the complexity of the MAT، there is an urgent need for the development of new reliable and rapid screening tests for leptospirosis. Major leptospiral outer membrane proteins (OMPs)، present only in pathologic strains، could be regarded as a good candidate for diagnostic studies. Here we report the cloning and expression of LipL32، as a prominent immunogenic protein، in a prokaryotic system. After the amplification of LipL32 gene، it was cloned into the pQE30 vector. The insertion of LipL32 gene into the vector was screened and confirmed with restriction analysis and sequencing. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli M15 strain، and the expressed protein was identified by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. This recombinant protein with 6× His-tagged sequence was purified using Ni-NTA affinity column chromatography. The results revealed that the selected gene was successfully cloned in pQE30 vector and recombinant protein (rLipL32) of approximately ~32 kDa was produced، purified and confirmed by western blotting. This recombinant protein could be potentially used for the development of serodiagnosis tests for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in humans and animals.

A large number of non-recyclable packaging materials، which are harmful for the health of consumers، are produced all over the world. The Suggested solution is using films and coatings which are biodegradable in nature. Pullulan is a biopolymer that is produced by Aureobasidium pullulans and used in order to produce edible films. These edible films could contain antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. The primary aim of this study is to produce edible blended films that form pullulan whit Artemisia sieberi essential oil and the secondary goal is to investigate the antimicrobial attributes of the obtained film. The Essential oil of Artemisia sieberi was added to the solution of pullulan films in seven concentrations. Then، the antimicrobial attributes were determined with the dick diffusion method. Finally، minimal inhibitory concentration was calculated for each microbe. The SAS program (Version 9. 1) was used for the completely randomized design of data analyses. It is possible to produce pullulan film containing Artemisia sieberi essential oil. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus had maximum and minimum resistance towards the antimicrobial attributes of Artemisia sieberi essential oil، respectively. MIC of Artemisia sieberi essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus، Lactobacillus plantarum and Escherichia coli were respectively obtained at 15%، 10% and 15%. Due to the possibility of the production of biodegradable films with the addition of natural antimicrobial agents such as essential oils it can be concluded that it is appropriate to use these materials in order to decrease microbial load and increase the shelf life of foods.

A very small amount of botulinum toxin can cause death and on the other hand، there is no cure for its poison other than antitoxin. Therefore، a diagnostic method that can detect very small amounts of botulinum toxin in a short time is very important. In this study، rapid and accurate detection of botulinum toxin type E has been performed with the double sandwich ELISA method. based on the double sandwich ELISA method two different antibodies that bind to epitopes without the interference of antigens is required. For this purpose، the rabbit antibody was poured at the bottom (Capture antibody) and mouse antibody at the top of the toxin (Detection antibody) of each well and the toxin was titrated from the first wells. Then، the modified sandwich ELISA system was set up and optimized for the detection of botulinum toxin type E. The modified double sandwich ELISA method is able to detect Clostridium botulinum type E toxin to a value of 1 ng in less than 6 hours. The modified double sandwich ELISA method is very precise and fast in detecting Clostridium botulinum type E. This method is used for determining specific antigen in the unknown sample.

The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV(is related with various diseases including infectious mononucleosis، Burkitt''s lymphoma، Hodgkin''s lymphoma، nasopharyngeal carcinoma and post-transplant lymphoprolifrative disorders. The aim of this study was to characterize the association between EBV and Hodgkin''s lymphoma through EBERs in situ hybridization (EBER-ISH) in Iranian patients. In this study، 43 Hodgkin''s lymphoma tissue samples were selected from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded blocks and analyzed by EBERs in situ hybridization. Data analyzed by SPSS16 statistical software، Fisher''s exact test and Mantel-Haensel significant level 0. 05. 43 Hodgkin''s lymphoma patients were 29 (67%) male samples and 14 (33%) female samples. In 20 (47%) samples Epstein-Barr virus was present. The positive cases included 13 samples male and 7 samples female. Fisher''s exact test showed statistically no significant difference between sex and subtypes. Age distribution of relation of Hodgkin''s lymphoma and EBV virus were 75% (12 of 16) in the age group of 1-14 years، 22% (5 of 23) in the age group 15-49 years and 75% (3 of 4) in the age group over 49 years، respectively. Fisher''s exact test showed statistically significant difference between 1-14 and 15-49 age group years (p-value: 0. 003). Results shown higher presence rate of Epstein-Barr virus in Hodgkin''s lymphoma specimens of children and older adult. This pattern is similar to other developing countries.

Urinary infection is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases، and Escherichia coli is the most important cause of urinary infections. This study was done with the aim of surveying the amount of susceptibility and resistance among the strains of Escherichia coli isolated from those who referred to the private laboratories in the Iranian city of Tabriz. This survey was done periodically during the first 6 months of the year 2010. Samples were obtained in a sterile manner and were subjected to all necessary pathological tests. Evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility was conducted with disk diffusion standard method، and the results were analyzed. Totally، 5701 Escherichia coli strains were identified. The highest sensitivity to Imipenem was 90. 95%، Nitrofurantoin 85. 97%، and Cefotaxime 71. 02% and the highest resistance to Ampicillin was 83. 95%، Tetracycline 80. 97%، and Co-trimoxazole 63. 92%. Our results suggest that the cause of the high resistance of Escherichia coli strains to Ampicillin and Tetracycline could be the consumption of these antibiotics. Therefore، abstaining from overuse of unnecessary antibiotics and production of new-generation and cost-effective antibiotics are recommend.

skin lesions، Scars and psychiatric disorders are an important issue in the life of patients with coetaneous leishmaniasis. The prevalence of Leishmaniasis has been increasing in Fasa، therefore this study assesses the life quality of patients suffering from leishmaniasis in Fasa between 2010-2011. This descriptive - cross sectional study was conducted in 2010 on 70 patients with coetaneous leishmaniasis that were referred to Fasa health center. The Data was collected by the three questionnaires، demographic، SF-36 and DLQI. In order to compare the quality of skin life was assessed in subgroups using t-tests and ANOVA. The relationship between quality of life and quality of life skin was calculated with Pearson correlation. in this study، the mean of DLQI scores in patients was 13. 7. The findings show that There is an inverse relationship between the score and age of the subjects (r= 0. 312). But there is a direct relationship between the score with its duration. The highest mean score of the quality of the subjects’ attitude towards general health (72. 1 +-21. 5)، but the lowest was towards the subjects social performance (56. 1+- 27. 7). The study can be conducted to determine the factors associated with the quality of life and physical and psychological harm must be prevented with planning.

Morphine is commonly used to relieve moderate to severe pain، but some side effects include vomiting. The Objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-emetic properties of dexamethasone in animal models receiving morphine. In a clinical study fourteen cross breed dogs that were 2 and 4 years old were assigned to two equals groups. The Treatment group received dexamethasone (1 mg/kg intra muscularly)، 60 minutes prior to morphine administration. The Control group received 2 cc of saline intra muscularly (IM)، 60 minutes prior to morphine administration. After 60 minutes all dogs received morphine (1 mg/kg intra muscularly). After morphine was administrated all dogs were observed for 1 hour to allow assessment of frequency of emesis and time until the onset of the first emetic episode and then they were compared accordingly. The Mean ± SD for the first emetic episode in the treatment group was 266 ± 49. The same number was 197. 6 ± 31. 84 in the control group. There was no statistically significant deference for the time of the first emetic episode between treatment and control group (P = 0. 23). There was no statistically significant deference for the number of emetic episodes between the treatment and control group (P = 0. 16). There was no statistically significant deference for the weight of the dogs between the treatment and control groups (P = 0. 95). in the current study، the administration of dexamethasone 1 hour before administrating morphine was not able to significantly affect the frequency of emetic episodes or the time period before the occurrence of the first emetic episode.

There is plenty of fatty acids of omega-3 in Salmon Fish that affect brain development and function، therefore، this study aimed to investigate the effect of Salmon fish’s oil on learning avoidance in mature male rats. In this empirical study، we used 40 mature male rats that were enrolled into control، sham and experimental groups. The control group was not treated. The sham group received only 1 ml saline daily، 3 experimental groups of different types received 0. 25، 0. 5 and 0. 75 ml/kg body weight respectively، for 28 days. For the evaluation of avoidance learning behavior، the shuttle box was used. The data was evaluated using ANOVA. The results suggest that consumption of salmon oil significantly increases in minimum and maximum doses (P<0. 01) and average doses (P<0. 001) the process of avoidance learning. Salmon oil can lead to increased learning. Therefore، further investigation can be used to treat learning disorders and memory.

Host resistance towards Leishmania infection is mediated by cellular immune responses leading to macrophage activation and parasite killing. According to the important role of IL-13 in the defense against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and the known effect of the IL-13 gene polymorphisms on its production، the aim of this study was to investigate the probable relationship between IL-13 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to VL. The patient group included 52 patients who had suffered from VL infection and the control group consisted of 104 non-relative healthy people from the same endemic areas the patients were from (southern part of Fars Province). IL-13 (position -1512 A/C) gene polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). There was no significant association between the frequencies of IL-13 (-1512) alleles and genotypes in the patients with VL compared to the thenormal population. This study indicated that the IL-13 (position -1512 A/C) genotypes cannot be considered as a genetic susceptibility factor for leishmaniasis.