کاوش نامه ادبیات تطبیقی
پیاپی 9 (بهار 1392)

Mirth-making is one of the main approaches in lyrical poems which has the specific place in Persian and Arabic Literature, hence there are two literary approaches in Persian Literature. (Saghi nameh) and in Arabic Literature (Khomriat). In such poems, Sharab is wine firstly, but in the second concept, it is a mystical symbol to express the mystical moods. There are many mystical poets who have used the concept of wine to express their ideas. The interpretation of wine is a keyword to understand Hafiz’s and Egyptian Ibn Farez by which there are the different interpretations which some how are contrary. Some people believe they are sign of drunkenness of God’s creature, and other interprets some secular concepts. This study is to present a clear picture of mirth-making in both poets, to compare their poems. The wine in both poets, is not only spiritual-mystical but it is secular and worldly, such concept is more found in Hafiz poems comparing with those of Ibn Farez, so it is also difficult for reader to distinguish them.

The two important schools of comparative literature are the schools of France and America. In the 6th decade of the 20th century, The Eastern Europe Comparative School was born under the influence of the Marxism Philosophy which, in terms of the comparison style, believed that the infrastructure of the society, that is political, economic, and social grounds, caused the cultural superstructure of the societies as well as literature and art.In order to illustrate the social commitment of the two Iraqi and Iranian poets, Mohammad Mehdi Javaheri and Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi, whose societies bore similar economic, social, and political situations, the present research, first, attempts to explain the theoretical fundamentals of the Eastern Europe School and investigate the proper infrastructural beds of the two societies. Then, through content analysis of the poems of these two poets points out to the unpleasant realities mentioned by them which is suggestive of their social mission.The research showed that the common economic, social, and political infrastructures of Iran and Iraq at the time of these committed poets caused them to have the same approach in expressing the social realities, and created a literature which is suggestive of their protest, criticism, and their silent cry against people’s pain and suffering, as well as the deficiencies of their societies even though they had not seen each other and had not been aware of each other’s existence.

Contemporary Arabic and Persian poems tend to use the capacities of present vocabularies to show a clear picture of contemporary human beings’ challenges. Within this,, poets as the sophisticated people of every society, not only are aware of the importance of them, but also they themselves present the story of human and the explorer of meaning among the world of words.Present research tries to answer an important question that is, based on historical and social background, how can words influence in forming this meaning atmosphere of a poem? As a result, by choosing two poems in two different linguistic realms, it tried to explore the sharing meaning, and struggled to search the function of meaning in “Oghniyaton Leshsheta” from “Salah Abdossabuor” and a lyric from Shahryar – Persian ancient poem-also investigated their social function.The obtained results will show that different functions of the words in two poems based on meaning were effective, by fulfilling aesthetic aspect, they were also successful in social and human functions.

The goal of this essay is to show the effects of Iranian wisdom and reflection in Arabic literature, whereas it is not now, such concepts have been studied from a new point of view that has not been considered before. This essay is to claim that besides the overwhelming appearance of I ranian wisdom in Arabic Literature, most of thousand examples Movaledi(non-Arabic) exist in Arabic sources are Iranian. Hence, we illustrate the historical fields to transfer advices to Arabic Literature, to introduce ten examples which are no doubt Iranian in order to pave the way for study. Meanwhile, the effect of Iranian culture and morality has been shown, there are some common concepts that expressed in Persian, or Arabic Literature, they refer to Dehkhoda’s Amsal Va Hekam. We analyze some of them in Persian texts, in order to show Iranian reflection on Arabic Literature. The right of Iranian culture and morality has not been known among Arabian researchers yet.

The poems of Farrokhi Yazdi as a noble poet of constitutionalism and Ebrahim Toghan as a Palestinian militant poet are very close in terms of content. But both of their poetry in terms of poetic structure is somewhat different from each other. Farrokhi in order to express political and social opinions ideologies turned to the sonnet. He produced a new style in political sonnet by interlacing different styles of Persian poetry. But Toghan by diversifying traditional poetry by using stanzas and multiplicative weights and using farce to express the political issues, created special initiative in Arabic poetry. It can be said that both poets as having common themes، created innovation in the style of Arabic and Persian poetry.

Topic selection and drafting sub-headings is the first step in any Research, which is based on criteria and standards of Research in every field. On the other hand it should be said that the most prominent difference in comparative studies with other studies is in the research methodology. This article also provides some criteria about methodology in comparative literature, to review and critique of the choosing topic and setting sub-headings of comparative articles on the most famous research journals have been published in the country.The results show that a large number of the comparative articles lacked a comparative look at selecting the topics and sub-topics. In other words, the researcher in his selection only seeks to prove the similarities in order to prove their effect. He has avoided contradictions and differences, which express innovation and differences in literature. In addition, many articles lacked comparative look at the comparative setting in the sub-heading and sub-topics, and often focus on expressing the features of each poet or author separately or and have avoided detailed comparative study. Although a number of articles have had the required standards and have been mentioned at the end as a template and an example for comparative researchers.

Reflection of the effects of European romanticism in literature and the influence of Iran and Iraq, with their own characteristics, has been called the Persian and Arabic romanticism; it has obvious manifestation in poems of the most modern poets of both countries. Qaisar Aminpoor and Badr Shaker Alsyab as two prominent figures in the contemporary literature of both countries enable to leave lyrics and pleasant poems during the use of some processing parameters and components of the school of romanticism in their poems by the romantic capacity. Contemplation of death, disappointment, recalling his childhood are the most important reflections of the negative romanticism in the poetry of the two poets.This study attempts to use the analytical - descriptive approach based on the American school of comparative literature, to analyze the poetry of Qaisar Aminpoor and Badr Shaker Alsyab and compare some of the common romantic themes in the poems of Qaisar and Alsyab.