فصلنامه ادب پژوهی
پیاپی 23 (بهار 1392)

Plants and trees according to their types, functions and also their roles in the life patterns of different cultures, nations, religions, mythologies and folklores, form different ideological and conceptual systems. Human life has always been depending on the very presence of plants, in a way that this presence could be reflected in all kinds of magical and religious rituals, national ceremonies, and all aspects of civilizations, either concrete or abstract. This article, through hesitating on etymology, conceptual metaphor and universals of plants, does its best to follow an intercultural approach toward them.

The Persian folk literature, apart from its artistic dimension, is a rich source of first rate anthropological information including the beliefs, superstitions, values and anti-values, different social classes, occupations, administrative systems, and moral principles. A well-known type of folk literature is “Prose Eskandar nāme”s, a variety of which can be seen from 4th century A.H. up to The Safavid Dynasty. This article which is based on a research entitled “A Study of Heroic Legends”, briefly introduces “The Book of Eskandar and the Humanist Brigands”, written in Safavid Period, and gives a detailed classification of its anthropological data

Ketāb-e Virān (Book of the Destroyed), the last short story collection by Abootorāb Khosravi, is one more attempt for discovering the novel techniques and atmospheres. A postmodern style based on words makes these stories complicated. In order to understand this complexity, the present article tries to analyze the deep structure of stories through using the non-narrative elements, connotation of signs, and the binary opposition existing in the act of signification. One essential mechanism used in the book is annihilating and invalidating “Time” by taking advantage of ideas and techniques such as the generation continuation, education, repetition of events in portraits and albums, reiteration of life and death in the form of games, memory within memory, mental life, perpetuation of love by recording it as words, dealing with fortunetellers and palmists, constructing and destructing in words, cyclic repetition of events

This article is an analysis of two recently published children stories of Ahmad Reza Ahmadi, on the basis of the idea of Implied Reader used by Aidan Chambers. This idea examines four elements of style, point of view, partiality and empty spaces that seem to be important in children stories. While the simple and lucid language, convincing and influential characterization, familiar elements, and lovely images of the stories affect children and the ordinary readers, the atmosphere, symmetry, meaningful repetition of some elements and the narrative structure, activate the mind and imagination of the professional, either children or adults

Knowledge of Man and his characteristics has been of great interest since the formation of old religious beliefs of Zoroaster up to the rationalistic ideas of Islamic and Christian thinkers, and philosophical doctrines in ancient Greece, India and china. Different discourses in the various areas of thinking have acted as the origin of fall and rise of societies. One of the modern discourses is Liberalism that defines its Ideal Man with characteristics such as individualism, freedom, rationalism, equality, and tolerance. This article after explaining the principles of Liberalism, analyses The Ideal Man in “The Symphony of the Dead” by Abbās Ma’roofi.

Since early times, “Centre” as an archetype, has been so decisive in individual and social life that any kind of inattention to that has brought about psychological dissociation and perturbation. In mythical epics, this concept holds such a specific place that the hero does his best to attain the central position because he believes that this achievement is “elevation”, or “individuality” in terms of Depth Psychology. Two of the most important symbols of “center” in mythical epics are “woman” and “king” which are analyzed in this article through using the basics of Depth Psychology

Those rhetoricians who have performed researches on the music of Shāmloo’s poetry, believe that his blank verse lacks the prosodic elements; but this article, based on a prosodic (Aroozi) knowledge, introduces some characteristics of external music in Shāmloo’s poems. This finding by no means claims that the poems possess Aroozi meters, because Arooz can only be created through following a mathematical order which does not exist in syllabic chains of Shāmloo’s poetry. Nevertheless, these poems, compared to those of Shāmloo’s followers make use of musical repetitions that is either close to prosodic meters or supported by such rhythmic structures