پژوهشنامه خراسان بزرگ
پیاپی 6 (بهار 1391)

Variable “language” is one of the fundamental pillars of identity of any nation or “national identity”. Because The language,is the first and the most effective means of understanding and consensus and the most important constituent of culture and the best transport it from generation to other generation and from community to other community. politics and power as the basic concepts in political geography have crucial role in the preservation or destruction of “language” as one of the most important variable of culture and national identity. At past,While the most important function of "language" was to express thoughts, feelings and opinions by the person,the new linguistic theories mainly are emphasizing on the role of language as coordinator of "Social Behavior". During speaking of history, culture and identity of Iranian territories,have to be used the word "Countries of Iran", for example, territory of Tajikistan as a time not so far away, was part of”one Iran” and has foundations of Iranian original culture nowadays. national identity of Tajiks is influenced more by their cultural and language-namely the Persian language. But from a historical perspective, whatever is important, is the effect of politics and power on reduce and extension of influence of Persian language domination. If we accept that "every great historical event, occurs twice", this incident occurred two times about territory of Persian language: the first time in the sixteenth century AD, after the separation of Central Asia from Iran, and the other time, at the beginning of the twenty century, after separation Bukhara and Samarkand from Tajik territory. Centuries ago,"Mavaraonnahr", or "Vara rud", especially, shortly after separation from the body of Iran, at first, was under influence of the Uzbek’s culture and then tsarist Russia and afterward the communist government culture,and under pressure the communist government, was forced to change his handwriting; this led to the new Tajik generation was stopped of its historical identity. Republic of Tajikistan, the year after year, was affected not “national identity” but “political identity” that the Kremlin dictated to them by politics and power. Rupture from Persian language and lack of associated with the ancient literary, leading to a fluid identity or the loss of identity for the Tajik; Because of Stalinist policies to change the map of human geography in Central Asia with the aim of maintaining the political unity of the Soviet Union, characteristics of "nationalism" has found fluid conception year after year. After independence, the party former elites and the new leaders of Tajikistan, that were reflecting tribal and regional groupings in a traditional society were also, agreed to lead the process of national re-awakening and re-discover on their own identity and to define. They see fit Their survival and the new basis of political legitimacy and their power in the game with the "national card"; Because of two important variables in human geography of region videlicet "language" and "ethnicity", provide a good theme for their "nationalism". The purpose of the present paper, in light of the "language" and "Geography" is how/what Persian language under "policy and power " has effected on the national identity of the people of Tajikistan during the time?

Khorasan’s's strategic position in the events of the first five centuries Islamic, researcher of the field of Khorasan’s real inference in the Middle Ages, convened them carefully. That the geographical Khorasan, what developments has seen and these developments, affected by what has been spheres, is among the issues that the state at this point of it, affected. This article, sought to prove the point of view is that about geographical Khorasan in the period, the problem the administrative and political situation has been the province and with changing the function”, about Khorasan also changes. Disregarding these developments scholar of Islamic history, he analyzes historical developments in Khorasan, a misunderstanding of the facts, will suffer. Geographical limits of the first and second centuries AD in Khorasan, a function of the administrative system of the Sassanid era and the formation and Samanid dynasties Taherian in the state, according to the political situation and new office developments that major changes in the administrative system of Khorasan and Transoxiana independence of Khorasan. This research methods of historical research has been done and sought to give insigne about geographical changes in Khorasan and the reasons for it.

With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the geopolitical and cultural sphere of Khorasan semantic structure dominated by large (old)4 was changed. Before also Iranian reactors take forms of it, with the Revolution in 1979, the Islamic Republic of the ruling their country. Thus, the structure and requirements and new players emerged in Iran and Greater Khorasan alternative countries to follow these changes came new challenges facing the Islamic Republic of Iran; Hence, in this article has been trying to approach with the Shi’a structure and geographical context geography acquired under the fundamentalist structure5, the issue to be dealt with. basic question in this research is: how water constructions geopolitical reasons developed upcoming challenges of the Islamic Republic of Iran in a residential area cultural Khorasan’s have been great. Given these questions, the present paper aims to understand how the geopolitical structures are fabricated through challenges. This article is worth mentioning with descriptive analytique method has been written.

The Islamic civilization, the school education as the most Higher Education and Training Center. The first school was established in Khorasan and the Saljooghi era, one of the most brilliant periods of the construction and expansion of the school is recognized educational institution. the course dozen schools were created by scientists and princes of Khorasan. religious prejudice caused some special schools for a particular students. The schools of the endowments and generally scholars have been responsible for benefices schools have been. In some cases as well as the princes responsible. Almost all of the schools have been a library. (Khaje)Eunuchs Nizam al-Mulk efforts to build schools led to the then government's task is to build the school. Sultan Sanjar supports of science, scientific and economic prosperity. Sanjar defeat at the Battle of Qrakhtayyan Qtvan and Ghz•ha brutal attack, and the cult of religious fanatics led to the destruction of blows hard on the training schools in the Saljooghi era is Khorasan.

The Great Khorasan is between Slave, India, china and Iran civilizations. It was important for powers from long time ago. Its communicational importance especially "Silk Road" has enhanced its geopolitical situation. This region that was a part of Iran in the past has abundant symbols of Iranian great civilization today. Its unavailability to oceans (except by Iran), faint sources and poor geography, in addition noticeable population, has established some problems for region countries and its neighbors after USSR disintegration. Geopolitical analysis of this region considers Strength and weak points, Threats and Opportunities, and it can present some strategies with geo-economics and geocalture tendencies. This Article try to answer this question: What impression do geopolitical changes of this region have to the eastern parts of Iran? Racial variety, regional and ultra-regional powers policies, complex culture, potentials and economical necessities, sources, energy transit, low development Indexes, regional integration and some things like these, should be considered. Inattention to The Great Khorasan, results deprivation from plentiful profits of this region, in addition makes room for more powerful presence of others.

Afghanistan, lacking an efficient government which can fulfill the expected functions of a modern state, has caused transnational security and cultural threats. These threats are primarily against the neighboring countries especially countries of the Greater Khorasan area. Having clarified failed states issue and its applicability about Afghanistan, before and after U.S attack, this study seeks to analyze its subsequent security and culural threats. To do so, while studying available Latin and Farsi resources, this study has used descriptive-analytical research method and library method. In this study, three main security and cultural threats, including terrorism, immigration, and arms and drugs trafficking, are regarded as subsequent threats of state failure in Afghanistan which are transferred to the neighboring countries through security and cultural interdependence in the countries of the region.

Bahram Chubin of the few characters that karro farr epic heroic era brings with himself into history. Jupiter the king, who, after her son, Khosrow Parviz, chaos and view much more efficient than all the men of his time. In fact, his time is his Rustam. In that “Bahram Chubin bravery Inapproachable and Turgots warrior, there is no doubt; why that Historiae consented to this agreement. The question is whether Hakim Tus tradition of him and his courage completely arises with articles that the “Bahram and other sources. In this غرااخبارا (Tabari history, (Tricked News, اخبارااطواا (Chubin in (News Altval article well try to mention the historical background of Bahram Choobineh Resources authentic narrative of what Ferdowsi has superiority over other accounts, pay and Character in Shahnameh epic story of Bahram compared with historical examples to consider.