Journal of Advanced Periodontology and Implant Dentistry
Volume:5 Issue: 1, Jan 2013

Vertical and horizontal bone resorption of the alveolar ridge are common in edentulous jaws. In the distal area of the maxilla, an adequate bone volume is often lacking because of the proximity of the sinus cavities to crestal bone. Sinus floor augmentation is an established way of increasing the height and volume of bone in the posterior region of the maxilla, which increase the stability of dental implants. For this purpose various materials, including auto grafts, allografts, alloplasts, and xenografts have been used. The aim of this study was the radiographic and clinical comparison of Algipore with decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) inthe open maxillary sinus lift technique using piezoelectric instruments. A total of 20 sinus grafts were performed in 10 patients who had a severely resorbed bilateral maxillary alveolar process with a residual bone thickness of between 1 and 5 mm (mean, 3.6 mm). The operation involved an osteotomy performed on the lateral maxillary wall using piezoelectric instruments, elevation of the sinus membrane, and placement of either of the two bone graft materials in each randomly-selected side. Preoperative and postoperative standard radiographs taken at nine months of follow-up were used to compare the outcome of bone height after the maxillary sinus lifting procedure. Changes in radiographic density after sinus grafting were evaluated using densitometry. The radiographic density was 76.3% on the Algipore side and 72.4% on the DFDBA side (P >0.05). The mean height of newly formed bone in the augmented area was 12.3 mm on the Algipore side and 10.7 mm on the DFDBA side (P >0.05). After nine months there were no considerable clinical or radiological differences in outcome between Algipore and DFDBA and both of them were recognized as acceptable materials for sinus lift procedures.

Gingivitis is a reversible inflammatory reaction seen with various degrees in most individuals aged 17 to 22 years. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two herbal extracts on Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus sanguis. Aqueous alcoholic root extracts of Malva sylvestris and Salvadora persica were prepared and tested on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The diluted extracts, 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash, Betadine and phenol were added to blood agar culture media with S. salivarius and S. sanguis in dilution degree of 5% Mc Farland (1.5×10 cfu/ml) and average diameter for 14 halo of no growth in each case was measured using a caliper. Data was analyzed using ANOVA. Average diameter of halo of no growth of bacterium 1449 showed no significant difference between Salvadora persica tree root extract with 16±0.21 mm and chlorhexidine mouthwash with 16.1±0.22 mm (p=0.00). Mean diameter of halo of no growth created by Malva sylvestris root extract (9.1±0.21 mm) was higher than that of both mouthwashes (7.1 ±0.23 mm; p=0.00) but lower than that of chlorhexidine mouthwash and Betadine (10±0.21mm; p=0.00). M. sylvestris showed a significant difference with the other three materials regarding mean diameter of no-growth (p=0.00). Mean diameter of halo of no growth of bacterium 1448 for Malva parviflora (15.6±3.63 mm) and Salvadora persica tree (16.1±4.2 mm) showed no significant difference (p>0.05). However, the mean diameter of S. persica was less than that of chlorhexidine (24±0.2 mm) and more than that of Irsha month wash (7.7±0.3 mm) & Betadine (5.5 ±0.6 mm) and showed significant differences with each of the three materials (p=0.00). According to the results, the effect of evaluated aqueous-alcoholic herbal extracts on some of oral micro biota are comparable to chlorhexidine, Irsha and Betadine mouthwashes. More in vitro and in vivo studies are recommended to demonstrate practical approach of using herbal mouthwashes for the oral biofilms.

Gingival recession as the apical migration of the gingival margin that results in exposure of the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the root surface. In this case series we aimed to demonstrate a combination technique using semilunar coronally positioned flap with free gingival graft for root coverage. A total of 12 healthy subjects, 25-45 years of age, with gingival Miller’s Class I gingival recessions in maxillary incisor or premolar area were recruited for study. A semilunar incision was made in mucogingival junction following the curvature of the receded gingival margin. A sulcular split-thickness incision was made in a coronal direction so that it reached the semilunar incision and advanced as coronally. The denuded area was covered by a free gingival graft (FGG). Longitudinal alterations during a follow-up period of 1, 3 and six months in terms of pocket depth (PD), Recession width (RW), Recession height (RH), Width of keratinized tissue (KT) and Clinical attachment level(CAL) were tested by repeated measures analysis of variance A comparison between baseline and the 1, 3 and 6 months clinical outcomes of patients revealed statistically significant changes from baseline were found for pocket probing depth (p

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical desensitizing effects of potassium nitrate and strontium acetate in reduction of hypersensitivity. Thirty eight patients who presented dental hypersensitivity were selected and randomly allo-cated into two groups. Group I: patients who were treated by potassium nitrate 5% foam, and group II: patients that were treated by strontium acetate toothpaste. Subjects in each group were requested to use their foam or dentifrice twice daily for 2 months. Dentinal hypersensitivity examinations were conducted at baseline using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and dry ice spray, first immediately after treatment and then after 4 and 8 weeks of using the products. The findings were analyzed using paired t-test and ANOVA test. VAS score did not show any significant difference between the two groups before treatment. Analysis of study findings showed no significant difference between the two groups in each period of treatment (P-value> 0.05), but both groups showed significant differences before intervention compared to different intervals of treatment (time 0, 4W, 8W)(P-value< 0. 001). Both potassium nitrate and strontium acetate are effective in decreasing tooth hypersensitivity and their desensitizing effect will increase by time passing, but none has preference over the other.

Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease. Varieties of microbial and environmental, as well as genetic factors are reported to influence risk for periodontitis. The present study sought to test the putative involvement of Il-10 and Il-18 gene polymorphism in pre-disposition to periodontitis in patients had exposure to chemical agent as a risk factor for periodontitis development. In this retrospective cohort study, 82-chemical-injured patients selected according to inclusion criteria (lack of disease in soft and hard oral tissue, excluding dental caries or periodontal disease, free of orthodontic appliances, not received drug, non-smoker, and lack if systemic disease were examined with use of periodontitis clinical criteria (clinical attachment loss, probing depth, bleeding on probing) at periodontology department, dental clinic. Patients were assigned into two groups with periodontitis and without periodontitis. A blood sample (10 ml) of each participant was tested by use of polymerase and IL-10 and IL-18 polymorphism determined. Data were statistically analyzed using t-test by SPSS software to detect polymorphism and genetic differences between two groups. The study showed that in patients with periodontitis A allele (64.4%) was occurred more frequently than G allele (35.6%) at position -1082 of the IL-10 gene, and susceptibility to periodontitis increases with presentation of A allele (P)

Peri-implantitis is a chronic progressive marginal infection which is defined as an inflammato-ry reaction affecting the tissues surrounding osseointegrated dental implants resulting in loss of supporting bone. Microflora of patients with implants who are edentulous mainly consists of gram positive facultative cocci and non motile rods. Pre-dominantly, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mitis while motile rods, Spirochetes, Fusiforms and filaments are infre-quently found in a healthy, stable implant. Microbiota around the failing implant in edentulous patients usually consists of gram negative anaerobic rods. In partially edentulous patients, peri implant microorganisms are increased in proportion of motile rods, Spirochetes and cocci in a stable implant. In a failing implant, in partially edentulous patients high proportions of P.micros, P.intermedia, C.rectus and Fusobacterium species were observed. The concept that the composition of subgin-gival microflora around implants in partially edentulous patients was said to be resultant of composition of flora around the teeth, based on this principle we set out to identify the presence of putative periodontal pathogens on teeth in a predominantly edentulous arch with a metallic coping with periodontitis and a site in the same mouth with peri implantitis site.Materials and methods. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from a partially edentulous patient using a paper point from the periimplantitis lesion with a probing depth of 8-9mm and a tooth with deepest pocket with a probing depth of 6mm and we analyzed the five putative periodontal pathogens namely, P.gingivalis, P.intermedia, P.nigrecens, T.denticola and T.forcythia using Real Time Polymerised Chain Reaction (RTPCR) technique. P.Gingivalis and P.Intermedia, P.Nigrecens had a 3 fold increase and T.Denticola had 1 fold increase when compared to the periodontitis (teeth) site, and T.Forsythia was found in trace amounts at the peri implantit is site and was completely absent at the periodontitis(teeth) site. Proper periodontal infection control before the placement of dental implants in partially edentulous individ-uals may prevent early bacterial complications and also continuous monitoring of partially edentulous teeth site making it infection free will help in the longevity of the implant.