Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Volume:20 Issue: 5, 2013

Tissue engineering using somatic cells and synthetic extracellular matrix (scaffold) represents a new approach for regeneration of mineralized tissue and bone. This study was carried out to investigate the ability of a PLLA/HA scaffold to culture osteoblast cells in a three dimensional milieu. Three bony samples were taken from extraction sites during surgical extraction of wisdom teeth. Osteoblasts were obtained from specimens by using trypsin and collagenase and were cultured in monolayer up to passage four. Cells were seeded on PLLA/HA scaffolds at density of 106 cells/ml and then incubated for 21 days. The seeded cells were evaluated by Hoechst، von kossa and H&E stainings and scanning electron microscopy. Cellular growth was more pronounced when isolation was carried out by collagenase. According to scanning electron microscopy، osteoblast cells had been proliferated and attached to the scaffolds. H&E، Hoechst and von kossa stainings confirmed the presence of the harvested cells in the scaffold too. Our findings suggest that osteoblast cells can grow onto PLLA/HA scaffold in vitro.

Daclizumab is a monoclonal antibody directed against CD25 subunit of interlukin 2 receptor. Several studies have shown the effectiveness of daclizumab on reduction of acute rejection in renal transplantation with regular or limited dose. The present study assessed the outcomes of 3 and 5 years follow-up of a prospective case-control trial comparing safety and efficacy of induction therapy with two doses of daclizumab، compared with no induction treatment، in renal transplant recipients.

This clinical-trial study was started in 2006 on 140 living donor kidney recipients admitted to kidney transplant ward of Kerman Afzalipour hospital، Iran. These patients were randomly assigned into two 70 patients، intervention and control groups. All patients received cyclosporine، mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone. Intervention group recieved daclizumab at a dose of 1 mg/kg before transplantation and then two weeks later، also. All patients were followed up for 3 and 5 years for graft and patient survival and side effect of daclizumab، so.

After 3 years، 58 patients remained in case and 61 in control group. Function of transplanted kidney was evaluated on base of calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR)، and after 3 and 5 years، were same between two groups. Rate of sepsis was same between two groups but infection with varicella zuster، in first 6 months after transplantation، was significantly more in intervention group (P = 0. 04).

Daclizumab did not have any effect on patient or graft survival. It did not increase the rate of sepsis but might increase the rate of varicella zuster infection.

Around the world، cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Today، screening programs have reduced morbidity and mortality rates of this disease. Epidemiological and molecular studies have shown that certain types of the human papillomavirus are carcinogen types and the primary cause of cervical cancer. HPV type 16 and 18 are the most common high-risk types. In this study، frequency of different HPV genotypes in women who referred for a routine visit to an outpatient clinic of Kerman University of Medical Sciences، Iran، has been obtained by DNA probe technique. Our study is a cross-sectional، analytic study on 20000 Pap smear samples over four consecutive years among women in reproductive ages (15-50 years) referred to University centers and private institutions in Kerman، Iran. All samples were collected in the laboratory of Afzalipour، and Bahonar Hospitals، and private institutions. The typical samples of dysplasia and cancer were reviewed by two pathologists and a pathology assistant according to the World Health Organization standards. The samples were examined after DNA extraction and molecular DNA probe technique. 62 cases of 82 Pap smear samples were dysplastic and 20 samples were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Moreover، 20 cases (32. 2%) of dysplastic Pap smears and 12 cases (60%) of SCC samples were HPV positive. A total of 32 patients (39%) were positive for HPV. Of all samples only two were genotype 18 (25. 6%)، one was a mixture of 16 and 31 genotypes، and the remaining were all genotype 16 (93. 75%). In the comparison between dysplasia severity (mild، moderate، and severe) and the HPV status (+ or -)، and also the relation between age and status of HPV and the severity of dysplasia no relations were found. However، there was a significant relation between detection (dysplasia، SCC) and the HPV status، and also the relation between age and type of lesion diagnosis. Based on the findings of our study and the Iranian culture، prevalence of HPV infection among women with cervical cancer is less common than in other countries. HPV type 16، which is a carcinogenic genotype، was the predominant genotype.

The most significant cause of infertility in men is the genetic deletion in the azoospermia factor (AZF) region that is caused by the process of intra- and inter-chromosomal homologous recombination in amplicons. Homologous recombination could also result in partial deletions in AZF region. The aim of this research was to determine the association between the partial AZFc deletions and infertility. The blood samples were taken from 100 infertile men‚ who referred to the Infertility Center of Isfahan‚ Iran. 100 healthy matched people were also selected as the control group. The five markers of sY1201‚ sY1206‚ sY1161‚ sY1291، and sY1191 were applied in order to study partial deletions. Partial deletions were analyzed in AZF region using the Multiplex–STS–PCR technique. The chi-square test was conducted to check the difference between pretest and posttest. Differences were considered significant if P < 0. 05. 9% of studied persons showed gr/gr deletion (in the patient group). Only one case of gr/gr deletion was observed in the control group. Five patients showed b2/b3 deletion. One b2/b3 deletion was seen in the control group. The b2/b4 deletion was observed in 3 patients. In conclusion‚ partial deletions were observed in 14% of the patients. The statistical analysis of the gr/gr deletion in the study indicates a meaningful difference، but b2/b3 deletion does not represent a meaningful difference. Our results suggest that gr/gr deletions are associated with spermatogenic failure، and there is no association between b2/b3 deletion and infertility.

Gastric carcinoma is the second most frequent cancer worldwide. Adjuvant treatment of gastric cancer varies worldwide; many differences have been observed in their clinical and pathological features، and survival rate. The aim of this study was to determine clinical and pathological features، and survival rate in a group of patients in south-east of Iran. Patient records and pathological reports of 82 consecutive patients، with nonmetastatic gastric cancer referring to the radiation oncology ward of Kerman Shafa Hospital since September 2003 to October 2011، were studied. Survival rate was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and differences in survival curves between the variables were determined by logrank test. The mean age of the subjects was 52 years and the male to female ratio was 1. 8:1. Surgery with positive microscopic margin was performed in 19 patients (23. 2%). The number (%) of the patients with stage I، II، III، and IV were 7 (8. 5%)، 21 (25. 6%)، 35 (42. 7%)، and 19 (23. 2%)، respectively. The 2 years and 5 years survival rates were 22% and 53%، respectively. Only T، N، overall stage، and type of surgery had impact on the survival rate (P < 0. 05)، and the other variables had no significant roles. Gastric cancer continues to present in advanced stages، with poor prognosis. The findings of this study emphasize the need for employing policies for the early detection of gastric cancer.

Malnutrition is defined as nutritional disorders or unfavourable health status that can be the result of overconsumption or underconsumption of one or more nutrients. The causes of malnutrition are complex، multidimensional، and population specific. United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) has adapted a conceptual framework for facilitating researchers in determining the causes of malnutrition in each area. The aim of this study was to determine some risk factors of growth faltering among 3-36 month old children in Ahwaz، Iran. This case-control study was conducted on 180 children 3-36 months old in Ahwaz. The subjects were children whose growth curves were horizontal or downward for at least two recent consecutive months. The controls were children with upward growth curves. Data collection was done by face to face interview، family file at the health centers، and direct measurements (mainly for anthropometric measurements). Data analyses were performed by SPSS software. Moreover، chi-square، Mann-Whitney، Kolmogorov-Smirnov، Student’s t-test، and logistic regression were statistical tests which were used according to the type and distribution of the variables. From household variables، the number of family members (P=0. 013)، number of siblings (P=0. 012)، and mother’s educational level (P=0. 019) showed significant association with growth faltering. Among child variables، the child’s age (P<0. 001)، child’s birth order (P=0. 031)، and birth interval with the next child (P=0. 004) had significant relationships with growth faltering. Of the child health care variables، the mother’s child care status (P=0. 017)، and the mother’s nutritional knowledge (P=0. 006) had significant relationships with growth faltering. Finally، the pattern of child nutrition (P<0. 001)، and the age of starting weaning (P < 0. 001) showed significant differences between the two groups. This study revealed that the child nutritional pattern، number of family members، number of siblings، child’s age، child’s birth order، birth interval with the next child، mother’s educational level، mother’s child care status، mother’s nutritional knowledge، and the age of starting weaning were related to child malnutrition in Ahwaz. Therefore، appropriate intervention strategies، according to these findings، should be considered by health and other relevant sectors in order to control the problem of childhood malnutrition.

The present study aimed to examine the effect of cosmetic surgery on self-esteem and body image of those who have undergone rhinoplasty. In a quasi-experimental design، and using convenience sampling، 45 participants were selected from the waiting lists of rhinoplasty cosmetic surgery، general operation، and from those who were not waiting for any type of operation. The participants were allocated to two experimental groups of nasoplasty and general operation، and to one control group. The indices of self-esteem and negative image of themselves are measured at three stages; before the operation، and in one week and two months follow-up. Self-esteem and body image data for pre-operation، one week after operation، and two months follow-up are subjected to descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA. There were significant differences among the three stages of measurements in self-esteem and negative image of themselves only for the cosmetic surgery group. In addition، there were significant differences in the body image of the Rhinoplaty group at three stages of measurement. Cosmetic surgery can cause mental changes such as feelings of competence and self-esteem and improves negative image.

Traffic accidents are a major cause of disability and mortality around the world and a major public health problem in developing and developed countries. The aim of this study was to assess the burden of road traffic accidents in Isfahan، Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Isfahan in 2010. Data were collected from death registration system to calculate years of life lost (YLL) due to traffic accidents. To determine the rate of years lived with disability، hospital records of all people injured in road accidents were used. The methodology of the World Health Organization were used to estimate DALY (Disability adjusted life year)، YLD، and YLL. During 2010، the rate of DALY was 23. 36 per thousand of which 3. 99 per thousand was related to YLL and 19. 37 per thousand was related to YLD. DALY rates in males and females were respectively 37. 43 per thousand and 8. 60 per thousand. Maximum rates of YLL and YDL were in the young age group (15-44). The highest rate of DALY was in summer (6. 73 per thousand) and the lowest was in winter (4. 29 per thousand). The results of this study showed that accident-related deaths and injuries are mostly in middle-aged men. Since those are the active group of society، traffic accidents can be considered as an economic burden on society. Therefore، appropriate intervention programs and periodic evaluation are required to minimize traffic accidents.

Congenital tumors of the oral cavity are not common. Teratoids are the most common tumors، and in rare cases are associated with cleft soft palate. In this paper a rare case of Epignathus with cleft soft palate، bifida tongue، jaw malocclusion، tongue lipoma، Hypertelorism and low-set ears has been presented. A female infant with a large mass covered with skin and hair arising from hard palate، cleft soft palate، bifida tongue with lipoma، inability to close mouth and inability to suck and eat was referred to us on the 3rd day after birth. After clinical evaluation، during one stage of surgery the first large mass of hard palate was removed، Then، glossoplasty was performed after excision of the lingual mass. The patient had no problem after the surgery and was discharged 10 days later in good condition and ability to be breastfed. Histologically، the palatal mass was diagnosed as epignathus and the mass of the tongue dorsum was diagnosed as lipoma.

Bacterial endocarditis is the infection of inner lining of heart and /or heart valves. This disease is usually related to the presence of some pathogenic bacteria in mouth، digestive system or urinary tract. Most of the times، this infection happens in people with heart problems like the presence of prosthetic valves، history of previous endocarditis، some congenital heart defects and heart transplant. Some bacteria which are able to reach into blood and produce bacteremia are able to cause endocarditis in these patients. Some pathogenic bacteria in mouth may produce this disease after causing periodontal infection and reaching into bloodstream. Among these bacteria، some Gram positive cocci and Gram negative bacilli have important roles. To prevent this disease، it is recommended to consider oral hygiene and to receive antibiotic prophylaxis before some dental surgeries.