نشریه کودکان استثنایی
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 47، بهار 1392)

The purpose of the current study is to examine the performance of children with and without ADHD in time reproduction tasks involving variation in time durations and visual modality.

Fifteen children with ADHD from a pediatric psychiatric clinic were selected using a ADHD rating scale and Conners parents scale and were compared 15 healthy children from two schools in Mashhad. Time reproduction tasks for visual modality were in six time durations (6 second, 12 seconds, 18 seconds, 24 seconds, 36 seconds, and 48 seconds).

The main effects of group and task time duration were confirmed (the accuracy decreased as the temporal duration increased).Furthermore, interactions between group and task time duration were approved (the discrepancy in performance between the two groups grew as the temporal duration increased).

The children with ADHD have more problems in time perception than healthy children and their problems would be greater with greater time durations.

The objective of this research is to develop a phonological working memory intervention program (PWMIP) and to survey its effects on increasing mean length of utterance as a language development criterion.

this research was conducted by single subject method. The sample includes 4 children with specific language impairment. The sample was selected after intellectual, auditory, motor tests for participation in interventional program. The mean lengths of utterance of the sample were measured 3 times in the base line and 5 times in treatment period and changes were written down. They passed 10 sessions training.

The results showed that difference in mean length of utterance before and after of training were significant.

It is reasonable to draw a conclusion that PWMIP can be used as an effective treatment strategy to decrease language difficulties of children with specific language impairment.

This study is aimed to design a short term program for memory training and investigate its effectiveness on short-term memory span.

This research was designed based on the information processing model (1986) and Baddely memory(1966) that could be effective on the growth of short-term memory of cochlear implant children then quasi-experimental design was used on deaf children with cochlear implant who were received rehabilitation program at 4 to 8 years when they referred to a Cochlear Implant Center. Ten children were selected and divided to two groups of experimental and control. Wechsler Memory Scale subtests was used as both pre-test and post-test to measure short term memory span. After pre-test, assignments were presented to the experimental group during 12 sessions. The data were analyzed by SPSS software, using ANCOVA.

The findings showed that short-term memory span was improved significantly in the experimental group and there was no difference in control group.

Research revealed that short term memory training program had a positive impact on the short term memory span for deaf children with cochlear implants and it improved short term memory.

Pervasive developmental disorders are a group of developmental conditions originating in childhood that involve some delay or impairment in communication and social skills, behaviors, and cognitive skills. This review article will give an overview over the controversial role of omega3 supplementation on the behavioral patterns particularly in improving sleep patterns and hyperactivity in children with autism spectrum disorders.

This paper will describe the important role of the omega-3 fatty acids in the structure and function of the brain, the beneficial effects of omega-3 on hyperactivity and sleep as well as other behavioral patterns, and will introduce the potential food sources of omega 3.

Recent studies confirmed that autistic children have lower levels of omega-3 in their blood than do normal children. Treatment of hyperactivity in autistic children with more severe signs using omega-3 appears most promising and it was approved by biochemical tests. In addition, in some studies the potential effects of omega-3 fatty acids in decreasing the aggressive and impulsive behaviors in autistic children has been observed, but the mechanisms by which the omega 3 perform these effects are not fully understood.

In this research the frequency of different cohesive devices in the written narratives of Farsi speaking students with and without learning disorders are compared.

The research method is Ex Post Facto or Causal Comparative. Halliday and Matthiessen's (2004) systemic functional approach was applied for analyzing the data. 25 boys with learning disorder and 25 boys without learning disorder were selected. The informants were 10 to 12 years old. Three researcher-made subtests (reading, visual, and listening) were administered for gathering the written data.

Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. Then Multi Analysis of Variation was used to analyze the significance between the differences of frequencies of cohesive devices.

Results showed that the difference of frequency of usage in the written narratives between students with and without learning disorder is significant if α=0/05.

The purpose of this research was to study outbreak of Spinal column abnormalities & its relationship with rest habit with respect to anthropometric & ergonometric properties of educable Mentally Retarded children of Kurdistan province.

Statistical population of the present research were all 440 mentally retarded children aged between 11-17 years in Kurdistan Province. According to Moregan table, 205 children were selected by random-cluster method as research sample. The information was collected through questionnaires and clinical examination. In order to analyze the information some descriptive and inferential statistics including Chi- square and SPSS software was used.

Research findings show the following outbreaks: lordosis 65%, kyphosis 13%, scolosis 4% and flat back 6% among samples. There was no significant difference between abnormality of spinal column with height, weight, BMI, type of mattress and pillow and also and kyphosis with sleeping on belly, scolosis and sleeping to sides, flat back and sleeping on back. However, there was significant relationship between lordosis and sleeping on belly.

Mentally Retarded children have a remarkable abnormality in spinal column and this necessitates different interventions.

In this article, the process of clinical interview with mentally retarded children will be investigated.

To get the purpose, the main problems in clinical interview with mentally retarded children and its stages are presented. In this paper, the communicative methods which facilitate the relation between the interviewer and the mentally retarded children will be discussed and the methods of direct an indirect obsrervation used in interview and the relavant instruments will be introduced. At the end, the principles of interviewing with the mentally retarded children and its usages are expressed. Findings and

Behavioral and psychological problems in mentally retarded children nececciates a standardized interview. Therefore faced with mentally retarded children, the interviewer should be prepared psychologically. He should utilize advanced instruments for interview, observation and gathering the information.