فصلنامه جامعه، فرهنگ، رسانه
پیاپی 4 (پاییز 1391)

In recent decades, the concept of space has been converted into oneof the most complicated and polemical concepts in Humanities.Doubtlessly, Lefebvre’s research program and intellectual-artisticactivities have had a great effect on concept-processing of space andincreasing polemical discussion around it.In this paper, we have tried to describe the concept of space andits production processes in modern societies by analyzing Lefebvre’sresearch program and intellectual-artistic roots.

Virtual space has prepared an especial possibility for propaganda and diffusion ofmarginally small groups’ beliefs such as anti-religious flows. In this case, attemptingfor cognition and observation is an essential step to codify desirable policies in thevirtual space arena.This paper is trying to reply to these questions: 1. How is the range and qualitiesof websites activities and Persian -Language Websites. 2. What are their emphaticbases and usable tactics? We will reply to these questions by using two methodsthecomponents of website evaluation and qualitative content analysis.The findings of analysis and evaluation section from twelve selected websites andweblogs suggest that the most anti-religious websites have following traits: usingwriting validity instead of author validity, largely weak designing, sloppy subject,to be combinational, to be privative, disinclination to writing date, the dominanceof radical, liberal and un-colloquial atmosphere, few audiences, to be political,published base instead of being productive.The findings in qualitative content analysis section shows seven basic axes, twentyfour trivial emphatic axes, fourteen tactics, and five general aims and functionsthat can be useful and effective for cultural activists and superseding contentproduction.We can divide mentioned websites into two general categories based on contentcomponents: 1. Saying Lack of God generally, advocating democracy and republicity;2.Criticizing Islam and Muslims as superstition obviation, not to insult to God, notto advocate the other religions, and advocating of Monarchy.

In this paper, we have explained un-neutrality and un-clarity of languagein social communications by description of the important andbasic role of language in human communications. The role and functionof language used in mass media is doubled by expansion andsocial effects of such communications.Media represent the realities, so produced meaning by representationprocessing is definitely different to reality. In this process, Mediais not neutral; rather media representation is mixed to powerrelations. Here upon, in order to prevent media deviation, a conceptnamed “linguistic justice” is proposed and described to be actionbase of mass media. The authors have had an analytic look to interdisciplinaryliterature in the fields of critical linguistics, social linguistics,political philosophy and communications sciences to describethe concept of “linguistic justice” as a forepart and a plat to realizesocial justice in the society.

This paper studies popular culture emphasizing on back-cars writings.The aims are cognition of popular culture through back-cars writingsand determination of religious, emotional, literary elements andeveryday life issues applied in these writings.Theoretical framework used in this article is a combination ofsociological approaches and anthropological theories.Observation is the way we used to gather our samples by, and weobserved 300 back-cars writings. The methodology was qualitativecontent analysis.The findings showed the most emotional elements were about soulmate (11.33 percent), the most literary elements were comic (13.32percent), the most religious elements were anecdotal and about Quran(12.32), and everyday issues were about 12 percent.

The Changes occurred in the construction of economic and labor market, changed thenature of leisure. Industrialization growth based on capitalism made attitude changedto leisure time different from the ancient and pre-capitalist society. So, leisure time isa favorable context for personality growth and preferment, and on the other hand, itcan be an appropriate field for high-risk behaviors, moral deviance and criminalitiesout breaking. Improper leisure pattern can make especially the young people far fromsocial accepted frameworks and cause this group to be harmed.The main questions considered in this paper are consisting of: 1. what kinds of activitiesdo the students- Islamic Azad University North Tehran Branch’ Students- do more intheir leisure time? 2. Is there any significant difference between the ways studentsspend their leisure time in different economic status?The method used in this article is a descriptive- Comparative one and we gatheredour samples by survey study. The statistical society we have studied on is Islamic AzadUniversity North Tehran Branch’ Students. 440 students replied to our questionnaireafter its validity study by referees’ agreement and reliability by re-examination methodthrough Wilcoxon test without showing any significant difference. Selection of sampleswas done by sampling conflation, improper stratified sampling and simple randomsampling.To examine how to spend leisure time by different economic status’ students, we usednon-parametrical H test of Kraskal Wallis. The findings included that the average rate oflistening to radio, reading newspapers, surfing the internet, talking to family members,go to sports clubs, religious sites and museums, didn’t show any significant differencebased on different economic status, but the other activities had significant differencebased on different economic status.

In this paper, we have a case study about death warrant and stonedwarrant of “Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani”. We did this researchbased on audiences’ reading from the view point of cultural studiesand media through internet and news virtual websites accessible andexploitable by public in the network format. The discussions have donewhile people didn’t have any fear to be seen. This study is essentialand important, because marginal groups can be seen not to be afraidof identification.In this article, we attained three kinds of audiences’ reading based onStuart Hall’s theory. The first group had preferred reading. They lookedat this issue through globalization approach and western power’scommotion propaganda. They advocated construction of IslamicRepublic system and said their assessment based on this viewpoint. Thesecond group had negotiational reading that meant warrant had to bedone, but not stoned warrant. They believed if slain’s family condonedher crime, she should be assoiled. And the third group had oppositionalreading through feminism approach and advocated women’s readingdespite every crime they committed.

In the first occasion, religious ceremonies are considered sacred spaces which havemultiple functions for the participants, but besides this sacred form we can imaginesocial functions for them. One of the characteristics of religious cere-monies- as amain club for doing religious rituals- is their mixing to the believers’ social-culturaland moral lives, so it is an important tool to represent their religious- cultural liveseven their economical lives.After Islamic Revolution, Iranian people had an evolution in their attitude andlifestyle that changed their apprehension of basic religious rituals and mourningelements and these rituals changed a lot in form and content. Since late decade 70,some new forms of religious corps and eulogies outspread, which their construc-tiveand identical elements had a lot of differences with traditional ones.In this study, we investigated in women’s religious ceremonies such as celebrations,mourning ceremonies and Quran reading sessions and evaluated the changingflow of these ceremonies after revolution up to now.The findings show numbers of women’s mourning ceremonies have decreased,but the number of celebrations have been increased. Also, epistemic discourses discussedmore than religious commandments. In addition, young people participatein these ceremonies less than previous times. In this case, the importation ofmodernism to Iran and some states’ policies affected on.

The topic of this article is a critical review of all kinds of TV conceptprocessing as a main form of popular culture discussed in culturalstudies. The aim is to detect common elements of these approachesand their dissociations with the other approaches out of culturalstudies, as well as formation a theoretical- methodological approachto contemplate in Iranian soap operas critically.Accordingly, we have tried to interpret researches findings done onsoap operas in Iran from this viewpoint comparatively by analyzingresearchers’ opinions such as Morley, Aine Ang, Hobson, Libse and katsin TV studies. The findings show the evaluated soap operas have beenconstructed based on some main signifiers to articulate a distinctivediscourse.