نشریه مطالعات ملی
سال چهاردهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 56، زمستان 1392)

Historical sociology of Identity & civilization is an important field of "Identity", "history" & "civilization" studies that forms the collective consciousness from subjectivity to objectivity, which is the subject of this article.The historical & civilizational Identity of Iran from pre-islamic to the contemporary era has always been the subject of study of Western Iranologists and inner scholars. In this article after introducing of the tree main approaches to historical and civilizational identity of Iran (Devolutionist approach, Multiplicitic approach, essentialist approach) and the result of each view about the demeanor & pattern of development in iran is explained and analyzed. Taken requirements of the historical & civilizational identity of Iran for theoretical model of development, based on essentialist approach seven principal components, including ("Spirituality, devoutness, consolidation", "pure Islam", "VELAYAT", "Territories & motherland", "Persian language and script", "Historical civilization" & "historical mission & messianism") is examined. The main problem of this article is the study of types of approaches to historical identity of Iran and attitudes to the overall pattern of development and civilization evolution. The method applied is Documentary & Library research.

This research was done on students with the purpose of investigating the relationship between religious beliefs, identity crisis and identity styles. 330 people have been selected among grade four students of Sirjan secondary schools with cluster sampling and completed Basic Religious Beliefs Questionnaire, Identity Crisis Questionnaire and Identity Style Inventory. The research method was descriptive-correlation. Data was analyzed with statistical indicators like Pearson correlation and independent-samples t test. Results indicated that there is a negative significant correlation between religious basic beliefs and identity crisis (r= -0/459) and religious beliefs had a significant correlation with all of the identity styles. Identity crisis showed a negative significant correlation with identity commitment (p<0/01, r= -0/433). Female and male students are not different in religious beliefs and identity crisis.

The aim of this research is recognition of Islamic-Iranian citizenship education basic components, so challenge and problem have focused on recognition of Islamic-Iranian citizenship education basic components. The method of research is a combination of two methods include Delphi method and analysis of documents. The study has been applied in some Islamic sources such as; Quran, Nahjalbalaghe and Ravayat, and many books of poetries, philosophers and thinkers. The opinions of thirty professors from five universities in Iran (Shahed University, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran University of Tarbiyat Moalem, Azad University of Arak, Arak University of Tarbiyat Moalem) have valued by questionnaire that was passes its validity formerly. Information have checked with interpretational analysis method and descriptive statistics has used in it. Generally results have shown that twelve citizenship education basic components have recognized, include; valuability, Objectively, method oriented, health, democracy, patriotism, moderation, adequacy, altruism, individual independence, probability, and aristocracy. Results indicate that, "democracy" has been greatest as an Islamic - Iranian citizenship education basic component.

Understanding of how people interact with each other as a main matter in society is the main basis for a community coherence. How do we understand and evaluate others, Avoiding or relatationship with them is an important role in communicating with others or deny or remove them. One of the most effective ways to understand each other's feelings and perceptions of individuals and groups in relation to the identification, is analysis of the processes that through which social perceptions and judgments of individuals and groups can be evaluated on each other. The main subject of this paper is studying the functions of stereotypes and prejudice between social groups and it’s impact on social identity. In this paper the concepts of stereotypes and prejudices are explained, and the relationship between them and the identity functions of them will be discussed.

Many scientific inquiries have been done on progress patterns, but one of the neglected areas in the field is about identity relationship with the Islamic-Iranian progress pattern. Hence, it is necessary to express an identity pattern compatible with the spirit of Iranian society underlying the formation of national identity and cohesion. In this respect, the main question is what are the indicators and dimensions of the identity pattern compatible with the indigenous progress pattern mentioned in Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran (CIRI). Research results show that the optimal identity pattern in the constitution is a combination of three aspects. The first is Islamic identity with components such as: Rules and principles of Islam (that is, Quran and Sunnah); Development and strengthening of Islamic brotherhood and public cooperation between the people (via state); Islam and Shiism; Believing the Guardianship of the Jurist; and paying attention to the Islamic nation. The second is Iranian identity with components such as: Fusion of Islam and Iran; the common language; the common handwriting; Acceptance of local cultures; the flag; shared land and history; Acceptance of the solar date; and paying attention to national-cultural heritage and intellectual property of the nation. The third is modernist and universal identity with components such as: Using the advanced science and technology and human experience; Training of skilled personnel to achieve development; and Encouraging the spirit of initiative. They all together, can accelerate the Islamic-Iranian progress pattern. Here, we use of the content analysis method to answer the research questions.

This paper aims to examine the national and religious components of the identity in first and second elementary school text books 2010-2011. In this study books of first and second grades of elementary school totally including over 875 visual pages, have been studied using the descriptive and analytical method, employing techniques such as observation, library study and interview with the experts and managers. Information obtained from review of the pictures were analyzed and classified into seven categories including "coordinated visual elements", "neutral elements", "contrasting elements" and combinations of these three categories. The findings show that there is a lack of balanced attention to the elements and components of religious and national identity in the studying books and even though proper images in some pages have been faded away and lost their influence by positioning beside contrasting and neutral elements. There were 93 coordinated pages versus 592 neutral and 19 contrasting pages. It can be concluded that religious and identical concepts are conveyed obviously weak in the pictures of these books.

With the enhancement of Internet accessibility and the development of Internet social networks, and because of young people’s increasing use of various materials in these modern media, national identity has become one of the principle concerns pertaining to social cohesion and national integrity. Therefore, this research studies the relation between presence and interaction on the social network Facebook and the youths’ national identity. This study is a survey research using voluntary and convenience sampling and researcher-made Internet questionnaires. The study is based on Castells, Habermas and Wellman theories. The population comprises all Facebook users of Isfahan city in 2012. The sample size is 424 individuals. According to the findings, membership period, amount of use, and amount of users’ participation and activity on Facebook have a significant inverse relation to the users’ national identity. The findings also reveal that there is a significant positive relation between using Facebook and the users’ national identity. Also, as the membership period, amount of use, and amount of activity and participation of the users on Facebook increases, national identity has been weakend.

This essay tends to examine effective factors upon social cohesion in Boushehr. The theoretical foundation of this essay pay to micro-level or factors such as social position, interaction with the official section (government), informal section (family and relatives), education and civil institutions as mass media (internal and external) and trips (internal and external). The essay' hypotheses wants to analysis and test the relation of social cohesion with mentioned variables. The study sample is 250 in Boushehr. The method of sampling is multi-phase clustering and ordered random. The findings show that in social cohesion, general indexes are more important than the others. The regression analysis, also, shows that variables as activity in civil institutions, external trips and education are more important.