فصلنامه متن پژوهی ادبی
پیاپی 54 (زمستان 1391)

Structuralism extends an inclusive perspective in analysis of texts during which all intratextual components are linked to one another and the function of each component depends on the system. Due to its cause and effect basis, coherence and high capacity in structural analysis, narration has always drawn the attention of many narratologists. This paper attempts to study the narrative structure of three Elahi-nameh, Mantiq al-Tayr, and Musibat-nameh poetic works which have similar narrative forms, using the viewpoints of structuralistnarratologists and a descriptive-analytic method. The agreements and rules governing Attar’s narrations are discovered and introduced. This study shows that “journey” is he central and cohesive element of the poetry works in the formal structure of the narration. Thus, the functions and actions are processed within the framework of this element. By adjusting this element in the mystic concept of the poetic works, it is revealed that the presence of mysticism and therefore the concept of “becoming” have remarkably affected the structure of the narration of the poems. The narrative structure of the poems is a layered one in which the linguistic and formal features of the narration has a dialectic relation with allegorical features. This has given a mental and internal aspect to the narration.

One of the main issues in Islamic Sufism and Mysticism is the concept of existence which is openly reflected by the Andalusian Sufi Mystic, MuhyiddinibnArabi in the 13th century and then in the Persian literature. Then, in order to clarify the truth of “existence” and “being” and the origin of creatures, the concept of “non-existence” is brought to the fore; a concept which originates from the concept of existence and is widely discussed in the field of theoretical mystic science. This paper studies the concept of “non-existence” in the language and works of Bidel Dehlavi. By searching for the said concept in his works, the present study seeks to find out whether or not there are similarities between the thoughts of Bidel Dehlavi and Ibn Arabi. In line with this, the concept of “non-existence” in the works y Ibn Arabi is first studied. Then, the viewpoints of Bidel Dehlavi are analyzed and compared with those of Ibn Arabi. At the end, it is discussed how Ibn Arabi has affected the works of Bidel.

Love stories as the most important part of lyrical texts comprise a large part of the Persian language and literature. Studies conducted in the field of lyrical literature show that such stories dates as far back as to the start of the Persian poetry and works such as Afarin-nameh by BooshakoorBalkhi, Varqa and Gulshah by Ayooqi, and Vamiq and 'Azra by Unsuri. It is not difficult to gain information on lyrical texts and know the authors of such works, because so many studies have been conducted so far in this regard. Lyrical texts with religious approach are limited, to the extent that in comparison with large number of stories like Leyli and Majnoon, Khosrow and Shirin, Vamiq and 'Azra, and Nel and Daman with only lyrical aspects, there are a few stories like Soleyman and Belqeys and Yoosef and Zuleykha. The present paper studies a lyrical text written during Safavid time; a work that is unique and distinguished in nature. It is a rare of concurrence of religion and lyrical works; a love story with a totally religious theme. In addition to discussion the lyrical aspects of Uraynab love story in Praising Karbala poetry by ZakiMashhadi, this study attempts to analyze different aspects of the said work and compare them with the historical story of IbnQutaybahDinvari.

Writing mystical Maqameh (a type of short story with only one setting) is one of the most important branches of mysticism and history of the mystic literature to which not enough attention has been made so far. Exact and logical classification of three different types of Maqameh-writing and explanation of the status, the viewpoint, methods, motivations and goals of this important genre of mystic literature can help us know about the culture and literature of the past and present time. Also, analysis of characters who are the contemporaries of the same mystics recognized through these Maqamehs and the judgments made about their states can largely familiarize today’s readers with their viewpoint and criteria of their judgment and also clarifies the image and character of the authors. Parallel with this, using a methodological and content analysis, this paper attempts to study the character of AbolqassemQosheyri from the perspective of Mohammad ben MonavvarMihanei the famous Maqameh writer of the literature of mysticism in Asrar al-Towhid and to show the distance between the statements and stories told by Mohammad ben Monavvar in Qosheyri Chapter and the historical and real character of Qosheyri. It also shows the distinction between this viewpoint and the real character of the Iranian liberal mystic, AboosaeedAbolkheyr.

Development of story, using anecdotes and allegories, and in general “story within the story” are among the narrative features of Masnavi. From among the stories in Masnavi, the symbolic story of Daqooqi reveals Rumi’s great skill in developing story. In this story full of events, the main character is pictured by wonderful events he has been craving to happen for years. The present paper aims at studying the story of Daqooqi based on narrotological components and the constant motif and is conducted with content analysis method. Propp considers the constant and variable elements to be the minimum units of narration. The motifs changing the situation are called dynamic motifs and the ones undergoing no change at all are called static motifs. The results show hat searching and praying are the two main constant and recurrent elements of this story, in different layers of which images of fantasy and story-telling and physical aspects are revealed.

A text cannot be created without relation with literary heritage and previous texts. Novel and contemporary short Persian story is a relatively new genre. The relation between this newly-founded genre and the ancient Iranian culture is of great importance. In literary criticism, a modern approach called intertextuality is used to study the relation between texts. The theoretical framework of this study is based on the view of Gerard Genette, one of the most influential theorists in the field of itnertextuality. According to his theory, any relation of the text with something other than the text itself is called paratextuality which includes different aspects. Intertextuality is about the relation between two texts. In this study, This paper analyses the relation between cultural heritage as hypotext and the stories in A City like Heaven and Who Shall I Greet?and the novels Savushun, Wandering Island and Wandering Cameleer. Furthermore, the present study discusses the role of cultural background in the technique of story-telling used by Daneshvar. Using a descriptive-analytic method, this paper attempts to analyze the said story absed on the theory of itnertextuality. The results indicate the

The old historians would prioritize the text and consider the history as background. They believed history is an accurate reflection of real events and that historians illustrate the events without any favoritism or discrimination just as they have taken place. However, modern historians believe the opposite and reiterate that the whole history discloses the mentality, because it is written by people whose personal biases have influenced their interpretation of the history. These historians state that the history is one of the many discourses or ways of seeing and thinking about the world. The present paper studies Parrhesia discourse analysis in the story if Hasanak the Vizier based on the theory of modern historians. Parrhesia is a Greek term meaning honesty derived from Greek texts by Michel Foucault. Parrhesiastes is one who expresses whatever goes on his mind openly and truthfully. The question posed in this study is that can we consider Sultan Masoud and Hasanak as Parrhesiastes according to Foucault’s idea? Thus, the story ofHasanak the Vizier is analyzed according to the linguistic cycle.