نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال هجدهم شماره 7 (پیاپی 79، آبان 1392)

Primary dysmenorrhea or painful menses in women''s medicine is one of the most common complaints that are associated with physical and psychological symptoms. The aim of this investigation was to study the effects of an eight week flexibility exercise and use of vitamin B6 on physical and psychological symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea in non-athlete females. In this clinical trial study، 60 non-athlete females، were randomly divided into 4 groups; control، exercise، vitamins and exercise plus vitamin. They engaged in an 8-week exercise program that includes flexibility training، stretching the abdominal muscles، lower back، hamstrings and pelvis and hip stretches. Eight movements، each movement with 3 times repetition and each repetition lasting 10 seconds during 4 days per week was performed. The vitamins group used 2 tablets of 40 miligaram B6 vitamin daily during the 8 week program starting 2 weeks before menstruation to 3 days after menstruation. In the exercise with vitamin group، during the 8 weeks of flexibility traininig program females used from 2 weeks before menstruation to 3 days after menstruation 2 tablets of 40 miligaram B6 vitamin daily. The control group had no intervention. Before and after eight weeks، participants completed the menstrual disorders’ questionnaire. Data were analyzed. Significant decreases in average of physical symptoms (exercise from 28/4 to 6/7،vitamin from 25 to 9/35،training with vitamin from 27/66 to 4/40) and psychological symptoms (exercise 25/86 to 5/93،vitamin 24/99 to 3/53،training whith vitamin 27/73 to 3/36) was observed. But physical and psychological symptoms in post-test of exercise group with vitamin had a significant decrease as compared wih other groups (p≤0/05). Conculusion: 8 weeks of flexibility and vitamin B6 usage may reduce the physical and psychological symptoms of dysmenorrhea.

Mesenchymal stem cells were separated from bone marrow by Friedenstein et al. for the first time. In addition to their cohesion، mesenchymal properties of the cells were proven by surface markers. The aim of this study was to isolate mesenchymal stem cells from mouse bone marrow cultures and some surface markers in the obtained cells were expressed. In this study، bone marrow cells in the femur and tibia bones were isolated from NMRI mice. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated to the bottom of culture dish based on cohesion properties. In addition to their cohesion، mesenchymal properties of the cells were proven by CD73، CD44، CD90، CD31، CD45 and CD29 markers، after the fourth passage using flow cytometry. In the primary culture، a heterogenous population of flattened، spindle and multi-faceted cells were observed. Spindle-shaped cells increased in later passages، so that almost all of third passage cells were spindle-shaped. Flow cytometry analysis of surface markers revealed high level mesenchymal stem cells from the fourth passage markers CD44، CD73 and CD29، and، low level of CD31، CD45 and CD90 markers. It can be concluded that MSCs derived from bone marrow mouse have some positive and negative surface markers with high and low expression، respectively. The expression rate of these markers proves the mesenchymal properties of cells.

Acanthamoeba is a genus of free-living amoebae found in environmental sources. These amphizoic amoebae can lead to severe human disease such as encephalitis and keratitis. Acanthamoeba transmits to humans through contact with soil and dust from scratching the skin. The aim of the present study was to identify the genotypes of Acanthamoeba in parks of the city of Tehran using molecular and morphological - based methods. In this study, 52 samples of soil were collected from 17 parks in Tehran. Samples were then filtered and cultured on 1.5% non-nutrient agar. DNA extraction and PCR amplification was performed using genus specific primers. Sequencing analysis and BLAST search were done for genotype identification. Out of 52 soil samples, 14 strain (26.9%) were positive for Acanthamoeba amoebae by microscopic observation. Out Of 14 positive isolates, 9 (17.3%) were positive for Acanthamoeba using genus specific primer pairs. Of 14 strains, 9 were sequenced successfully. Genotype identification was revealed that all strains were belonged to T4 type. T4 genotypes among strains are human pathogens. Identification of pathogenic Acanthamoeba belonging to T4 genotype in recreational parks could be of utmost importance. Results of this study show that soil contamination, particularly in parks where children play and assemble is a sanitary risk for them.

Accurate and timely diagnosis of premature rupture of fetal membranes has a major role in reducing infant and mother mortality and morbidity. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of the lactate concentration in vaginal fluid of pregnant women with premature rupture of fetal membranes (PROM). In this diagnostic study، 90 pregnant women with single pregnancy at the gestational age of 20-41 weeks were enrolled and randomly divided into two equal groups of 45. The first group includes pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes and the second groups were included pregnant women with intact membranes. To confirm or reject premature rupture of membranes، speculum examination، Fern and Nitrazyn was used in both groups. Lactate concentration test of vaginal fluid was performed by enzymatic colorimetric assay via handheld device Lactate Pro. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with SPSS 17 software. Lactate threshold concentration was determined at level of 4. 6 mM/L. Lactate concentration in vaginal secretions for the diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes، a positive test with a sensitivity of 95. 6%، specificity 97. 8%، the accuracy of the 96. 6%، positive predictive value of 97. 7%،، PPV 95. 6% and negative predictive value of 95. 6% were obtained respectively. Test of Lactate concentration in vaginal fluid test is a valid، quick and easy with high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes the fetus of pregnant women.

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease prevalent in many countries. Due to the use of immunosuppressive drugs to treat this disease، such patients are more likely to be afflicted by opportunistic infections and intestinal parasitic diseases. Aim of the current study was to recognize the prevalence of parasitic infection of these patients in Ahvaz city، 2011-2012. The study randomly assigned 100 stool samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus admitted to medical centers and hospitals of Ahvaz Imam Khomeini and Golestan. Samples were then sent to Parasitology Laboratory of Ahvaz Medical Sciences University and Lupus erythematosus was confirmed by a rheumatologist physician The samples were tested by direct، sedimentation technique، trichrome andziehl-neelsen staining for microscopic observation. The patients data were obtained by questioner form and descriptive statistical was used for data analyzing. At least 18% of the patients were infected by a single digestive cell. The highest rate of infection applied to Entamoeba Cola by 8% and the lowest applied to Giardia and Cryptosporidium by 2%. Helminthes infections were not observed in this study. Low rate of parasitic infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in this study could be due to rising health care and public health data compared to previous years.

Authority delegation means to transmit part of organization`s manager and leader`s special authorities and executive duties، regardless its root to subordinates and heads of units and related offices to speed up implementing affairs and organizational purposes quickly and on time. The purpose of this study was to inspect authority delegation in health centers of Boyerahmad district through using model to combine suggestions (to identify process) and Delphi method (expert`s opinions). This cross-sectional study was implemented in two stages; at first stage، research community was authorities of Boyerahmad health centers (58 persons)، their suggestions about requested processes to delegate were gathered by total count through open questionnaires and; in second stage، which was Delphi، suggestions gathered from previous stage judged by 30 experts. Data of both stages analyzed by help of Chi-square، correlation coefficient tests. Findings showed that 73. 85% of suggestions were able to be delegated، based on expert`s opinion. 40% of suggestions were in domain of official، 36. 92% financial and 23. 08% hygienic. 88% less than 6 years management background. 20. 69% had no academic studies and only 27% were general physicians. By participation of environmental management levels، several processes may be specified and identify cases which are possible to delegate them executively using Delphi (expert`s opinion) and this model can be used as a trust worthy method to delegate authority for decentralization.

Considering that veterans as the most important target groups for health care facilities، and social psychology is taken into account، the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of psychological debriefing and group behavioral interventions in reduction of posttraumatic stress disorder on veterans of Yasuj city. In this clinical-trial study، 20 patients were selected among veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder، and then randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The Mississippi Scale for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (M-PTSD) was administered by Research Tool to both groups before training. One session for psychological debriefing and 6-week sessions for behavioral interventions at 90-minute was conducted only for the experimental group. After a period of three months، the two groups were assessed to determine the effect of training. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The mean and standard deviation of posttraumatic stress disorder in patients after the intervention and control groups were 103/6±11/27 and 112±8/68، respectively. There was no significant difference between them (p<0. 05). Treatment method of psychological and behavioral interventions can be effective in the treatment of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. This therapeutic effect to be maintained even after three months.

Nowadays the effects of plant-based foods in maintaining and improving the health of many diseases have been considered. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Abscisic acid on serum sex hormone levels and testis of adult male rats، respectively. In this experimental study، 50 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control، sham and experimental groups 1، 2 and 3 respectively. The control group received no drug treatment. The sham group received distilled water as a solvent. Groups 1، 2 and 3 were administered orally with 20، 400 and 800 mg /kg of extract containing plant hormone Abscisic acid for 40 days respectively. At the end of the fortieth day from all groups blood samples were taken and serum hormones LH، FSH، dihydrotestosterone، and testosterone were measured by ELISA. Testicular tissue changes were studied by optical microscopy after preparation of tissue samples and lineage sperm counts between experimental and control groups were studied. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and t-test. Abscisic acid extract with doses of 400 and 800 mg/ kg at the end of the fortieth day significantly increased serum testosterone levels than the control group (p<0. 05). No significant differences in serum hormones LH، FSH and DHT were observed in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0. 05). Primary spermatocytes، borderline Sertoli between experimental and control groups were not seen (p<0. 05). Histology of seminiferous tubules and spermatogenesis cell also had not changed. Possibly during a period of 40-day the effects of Abscisic acid on receptor function، through the impact on N- methyl-D-aspartate receptors and γ receptor by proxysom (PPARγ) and activation of LH receptors in Leydig cells lead to testes activation and cause increase in secretion of testosterone.