فهرست مطالب

Medicinal Plants - Volume:12 Issue: 47, 2013

Journal of Medicinal Plants
Volume:12 Issue: 47, 2013

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1392/06/14
  • تعداد عناوین: 10
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  • S. Akhondzadeh, R. Hajiaghaee, M. Heidari Pages 1-7
    Evidence-based medicine is now generally perceived to be the dominant operating system in conventional medicine. Evidence-based medicine developed concurrently with the internet and the world wide web. This is no coincidence since evidence-based medicine suggests a personal responsibility for clinicians to keep abreast of research that would be difficult without the information access that the web provides. Over the last two decades، evidence based herbal medicine has been considered as interesting field. One of prototype example of evidence base medicine is saffron. In this paper، we review saffron from evidence point of view.
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, Depression, Evidence, based medicine, Saffron
  • J. Asgarpanah, S. Mohammadi Motamed Pages 8-18
    Iran has a great wealth of various naturally occurring medicinal plants which have great potential pharmacological activities. Otostegia persica (Burm. f.) Boiss. is one of these plants which is a perennial shrub found in South and Southeast of Iran. The aerial parts of O. persica have been used in Iranian traditional medicine to treat various types of diseases (e. g.، inflammatoryand pain-mediated diseases، malaria and diabetes). Research carried out using different in vivo and in vitro assays of biological evaluation support most of these claims. The active pharmacological components of O. persica most studied are flavonoids and terpenoids. This paper presents the traditional uses، botany، phytochemistry، and pharmacology of this medicinal plant. This is the first article reported in this review form about O. persica which might be helpful for scientists and researchers to find out new in modern health concept.
    Keywords: Otostegia persica, Lamiaceae, Pharmacology, Phytochemistry
  • A. Mehrafarin, N. Qavami, H. Naghdi Badi, Mr Labbafi Pages 19-37
    Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) is one of the valuable medicinal plants which used in the treatment of liver disorders. The major active constituents in this plant are flavonolignans, collectively known as silymarin which is a mixture of three isomer silybin, silydianin and silycristin. Its therapeutic properties are due to the presence of silymarin. The seeds contain the highest amount of silymarin, but the other plant parts have less amount of this compound. The silymarin content in fruits depends on milk thistle variety and geographic and climatic condition. In this review, we summarized the accomplished investigations on aspects of medicinal, cultivation, biology and biotechnology of milk thistle.
    Keywords: Silybum marianum, Silymarin, Silybin, Flavonolignan, Cultivation, Medicinal properties
  • S. Changizi Ashtiyani, A. Zarei, S. Taheri, A. Rezaei, M. Golshan, R. Ghafarzadegan Pages 38-47
    Background
    Hyperlipidemia is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by an excess of lipids in the bloodstream
    Objective
    Given previous studies on barberry and Melissa officinalis extracts، this study aims at comparing hypolipidemic activities of Melissa officinalis extract and Berberis vulgaris.
    Methods
    For the purpose of this study، 64 Wistar rats were selected and divided into 8 groups (n=8). The control group was administered with ordinary diet; the sham group was administered with high-fat diet and intraperitoneally 0. 2 ml/dl of the extract solvent (normal saline); and similarly، experimental groups received minimal، moderate and maximum dosages of barberry and Melissa officinalis extracts. The treatment group''s was given high-fat diet for 21 days. After this period، blood samples were taken and the gathered data were analyzed using SPSS software.
    Results
    The amount of cholesterol، triglyceride and LDL were increased in the model group compared to the control group، whereas the same substances were decreased significantly in the group receiving the extract compared to the model group (p<0. 05).
    Conclusion
    Hypolipidemic properties of alcohol extracts of Melissa officinalis are more effective than those of Berberis vulgaris. Moreover، it should be noted that it is rather the antioxidant properties of Melissa officinalis and their effects on the increase in thyroid hormones as well as the presence of alkaloid compounds، such as berberine in Berberis vulgaris، that inhibits cholesterol synthesis and enables its excretion.
    Keywords: Berberis vulgaris, Melissa officinalis, Cholesterol, Hypolipidemic, Rat
  • H. Naghdi Badi, H. Rafiee, A. Mehrafarin, A. Qaderi, S. Kalate Jari Pages 48-61
    Background
    Bio-stimulators as biological substances stimulate metabolism and metabolic processes, which can be increase plants yield and secondary metabolites content.
    Objective
    The aim is to introduce bio-stimulators as bioactive amino acid compounds to increase yield and help to sustainable agriculture.
    Methods
    This experiment was conducted at ACECR on the base of randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2011. The treatments were commercial formulations of Aminolforte, Kadostim, Fosnutren, Humiforte (each of them 0.75 and 1.5 L.ha-1), chemical fertilizer NPK (70 kg.ha-1), and control treatment (no foliar application).
    Results
    The treatments had significant effect on the studied parameters except SPAD value. Humiforte 1.5 L.ha-1 caused increase in plant dry weight to 37.46%, capitula dry weight to 36.92%, leaf area to 34.44%, relative water content to 32.03%, harvest index to 20.40%, capitula number/plant to 40.64%, total carbohydrates of capitula to 18.43%, total flavonoids of leaves to 19.35%, and total flavonoids yield of leaves to 38.63% compared to control. The highest amount of total flavonoids in capitula (0.25%, with increase to 32% compared to control) was related to Aminolforte 1.5 L.ha-1. Kadostim 1.5 L.ha-1 increased plant height to 36.83%, leaves number to 26.65% and total flavonoids yield of capitula to 38.82%, total carbohydrates of leaves to 13.52%. Content of N, P and K increased with foliar application of bioactive amino acid compounds.
    Conclusion
    Humiforte and Kadostim 1.5 L.ha-1 were the best treatments in regard to existence of amino acid compounds and macro-nutrients of N, P and K in their formulations.
    Keywords: Calendula officinalis L., Bioactive amino acid compounds, Morphological, Phytochemical traits
  • S. Kianbakht, H. Fallah Huseini, M. Hoormand Pages 62-69
    Background
    Data suggest that V. arctostaphylos، B. thunbergii var. atropurpurea، E. angustifolia and L. acanthodes may prevent gastric ulcers induced by Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
    Objective
    To explore the ulcer-protective potential of these plants in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats.
    Methods
    Saline، hydro-alcoholic extract of each plant (100، 400، 800 mg/kg) and omeprazole (30 mg/kg) were gavaged to the groups of animals for 4 consecutive days. Gastric ulcers were induced by the onetime gavage of indomethacin (30 mg/kg، p. o.). On the fifth day، each group was pretreated with physiological saline as control، extract (100، 400 or 800 mg/kg، p. o.) or omeprazole (30 mg/kg، p. o.) 30 min before the indomethacin administration. The animals were killed 6 h after the indomethacin administration. The stomachs were removed، opened along the greater curvature and washed in physiological saline. A person unaware of the type of treatment received by the animals examined the stomachs under a 3-fold magnifier. The areas and lengths of hemorrhagic lesions induced by indomethacin were measured using a dial caliper and the sum of measurements for each animal was referred to as the ulcer index.
    Results
    All extracts reduced the ulcer index significantly compared to the control group (p < 0. 05).
    Conclusion
    These plants prevent NSAID-induced gastric ulcers in rats. The efficacy and potency of the gastro-protective effect of L. acanthodes appears to be higher than the other 3 plants.
    Keywords: Anti, ulcer, Herbal, Medicine, Rat, Traditional
  • M. Ghorbanpour Fir, F. Sadeghian, J. Hadian Ot, M. Hadavi Ot, A. Mohamadi, R. Ghafarzadegan Pages 70-82
    Background
    Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad، with the common Persian name “marzeh khuzestani”، is an endemic medicinal plant، distributed in the southwestern areas of Iran. Salicylic acid (SA) is a signaling molecule and a hormone-like substance that plays an important role in the plant physiological processes.
    Objective
    This study was conducted to determine the influence of foliar SA application (0، 50، 100، 200 and 400 mg. L-1) at two times including vegetative stage (VS) and both vegetative and reproductive stages (VS+RS) on growth parameters، enzymes activity including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO)، prptein content، essential oil percentage and composition of S. khuzistanica under field conditions.
    Methods
    The essential oils were isolated from aerial flowering parts of the plants by hydro-distillation method and then subjected to GC and GC-MS analyses to determine the oil constituents.
    Results
    Results showed that SA application at 100 and 200 mg. L-1 were the most effective treatments in growth characteristics، but the highest essential oil content and yield was obtained at 400 mg. L-1 SA treatment. In both spraying times، plants treated with 100 and 200 mg. L-1 SA concentration showed more PPO and SOD activity than control plants، respectively. Also، results showed that the 14 compositions were identified in essential oil of plants under all employed treatments. Carvacrol was the major component of oils، which is also showed more variability than that of other components.
    Conclusion
    It was concluded that foliar spray of SA at low concentration once at vegetative and second time at reproductive stage might be employed for enhancing both primary and secondary metabolites production of S. khuzistanica plants.
    Keywords: Satureja khuzistanica, Carvacrol, Essential oil, Growth, Salicylic acid
  • H. Naghdi Badi, A. Rahimi Shokooh, Mr Dehghani, Meshkani, A. Mehrafarin, A. Mehrafarin, F. Khalighi, Sigaroodi Pages 83-92
    Background
    Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)، a member of the Lamiaceae family، has traditionally been used as a medicinal plant in the treatment of headaches، coughs، diarrhea، constipation، warts، worms، and kidney malfunctions.
    Objective
    To investigate the foliar application effects of bio-stimulators and bio-fertilizers on morphological and phytochemical traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.).
    Methods
    Bio-stimulators in three commercial formulations of aminolforte، kadostim and fosnutren (with concentration of 1. 5 L. ha-1) through foliar application، and bio-fertilizers in three commercial formulations of nitroxin، super-nitro plus and barvar II (with concentration of 0. 5 L. ha-1) through seed inoculation were considered as two studied factors.
    Results
    The results showed that the interaction effect of bio-stimulators and bio - fertilizers was significant (p<0. 01) on all of studied parameters except of chlorophyll content (SPAD value). The highest leaf fresh weight (25. 47 g/plant) and leaf dry weight (6. 48 g/plant) were obtained under fosnutren and nitroxin treatment، also maximum leaf number (206. 33) was recorded in aminolforte and nitroxin treatment. The highest leaf area (1302. 2 mm2/plant) was observed in kadostim and nitroxin treatment. Also results showed that the highest content of essential oil (0. 43%) was obtained in aminolforte and nitroxin، methyl chavicol (37. 13%) in fosnutren and super-nitro plus، geranial (29. 05%) and caryophylene (6. 66%) in kadostim and nitroxin، and carvacrol (31. 60%) in fosnutren and nitroxin treated plants.
    Conclusion
    In general، the best treatment to improve growth and phytochemical traits of Ocimum basilicum were kadostim×nitroxin and fosnutren×nitroxin.
    Keywords: Ocimum basilicum L., Bio, fertilizers, Bio, stimulators, Essential Oil, Leaf traits
  • H. Fallah Huseini Hosseini, Sa Mirkarimi, M. Amini, R. Mohtashami, S. Kianbakht Pages 93-99
    Background
    Nigella sativa (N. sativa) seeds are used to treat diabetes mellitus in traditional medicine. Moreover، N. sativa oil has reduced the fasting blood glucose level in non-diabetic volunteers.
    Objective
    The present study was undertaken to explore the possible anti-hyperglycemic effect of N. sativa oil in type II diabetic patients.
    Methods
    A randomized clinical trial was conducted in 70 type II diabetic patients referring to Baqiyatallah Hospital. The subjects were enrolled into two groups of 35 each. One group received 2. 5 ml N. sativa oil and the other group received similarly 2. 5 ml mineral oil two times a day for three months. The fasting and 2 hour postprandial blood glucose، glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)، lipid profile، BMI (body mass index)، liver and renal function test were determined at the baseline and after three months.
    Results
    The blood levels of fasting and 2 hours postprandial glucose and HbA1c were significantly decreased in the N. sativa group compared with the placebo group at the end of the study. The BMI of the N. sativa group was decreased significantly from baseline. No side effects were reported.
    Conclusion
    N. sativa oil improves glycemic control in type II diabetic patients without any side effects.
    Keywords: Nigella sativa, Blood glucose, Diabetes, Traditional medicine
  • A. Qaderi, M. Omidi, Ar Zebarjadi, R. Hajiaghaee Pages 100-110
    Background
    Sustainable and commercial production of taxol as an anti cancer drug is a critical point to its clinical application. Nowadays, hazel because of rapid growth and wide range distribution is considered as an alternative source of Taxol.
    Objective
    To increase taxol production the cDNA encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) from Iranian hazel (GeneBank accession number KF306244, showed by CiHMGR) was isolated and over-expressed in pCAMBIA1304 binary vector. The effect of transient over-expression of HMGR in callus and leaf were evaluated on Taxol production.
    Methods
    The calli was established through the culture of immature cotyledon on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 2, 4-D and BA. The first strand cDNA of CiHMGR was synthesized by specific primers. Enzymatic assay of recombinant CiHMGR in E. coli were done by western blott and His-tag affinity techniques. Also production of taxol in transformed callus and leaf were evaluated by HPLC analysis.
    Results
    An Open Reading Frame (ORF) with 1698 bp length and a deduced polypeptide with 566 amino acid residues were amplified. The highest and lowest amount of taxol was 0.016 mg/g.DW and 0.004 mg/gDW in transformed calli and untransformed leaves respectively.
    Conclusion
    Generally the over-expression of HMGR increase the total isoprenoids yield, therefore to have high production of target secondary metabolites (taxol) we need both of network of transformed genes and elicited cell culture.
    Keywords: Corylus avellana, Diterpenoids, Elicitor, Mevalonate biosynthesis pathway