مجله زنان مامائی و نازائی ایران
سال شانزدهم شماره 68 (هفته دوم مهر 1392)

Premenstrual syndrome includes a set of unpleasant physical، emotional or behavioral symptoms which can be observed in repeated form during the luteal phase of menstrual cycle. 90% of women experience some grades of premenstrual syndrome symptoms. No definitive treatment has been certified for premenstrual syndrome. This paper tends to investigate the impact of life skills education on severity of psychological and physical premenstrual syndrome symptoms in university students. This clinical trial was conducted during February 2013 to June 2013 on 68 first year bachelor students who were resident in dormitory of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad، Iran. Students were randomly divided into two groups of education and control. Life skills were taught to education group in 8 sessions. Data collection tools include menstrual and demographic information questionnaire، general health questionnaire، temporary diagnosis form of premenstrual syndrome، daily status report form، knowledge and attitude assessment form about premenstrual syndrome. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 and statistical tests such as Mann-Whitney، independent t-test، paired t-test and chi-square. P value less than 0. 05 was considered significant. Both groups were similar in age، age at menarche، body mass index، parental education and occupation، academic field of study، socio-economic class، dysmenorrhea and its severity، premenstrual syndrome severity، delay in performing daily activities and absences from the classroom due to premenstrual syndrome، knowledge and attitudes about premenstrual syndrome. After the intervention، the severity of psychological premenstrual syndrome had significant difference in two groups (p=0. 005)، but in the severity of physical premenstrual syndrome no significant difference was observed (p=0. 907). Life skills education decreased the severity of psychological symptom of premenstrual syndrome.

Clinical education is a dynamic process that provides condition to combine theoretical knowledge with real practical environment for practitioners. This study was done to determine the practice times that are necessary for health worker trainees to achieve enough competency to perform family planning skills، based on flattening the learning curve.

This time-series study was conducted on 54 junior students of paramedical school of Mashhad، Nishabur and Torbatjam، Iran in 2012. Participants were selected with census method. Data tools were a research-made questionnaire included demographic information of health worker and family planning check list for assessing their clinical skills. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 16)، Kruskal- Wallis and Pearson correlation. P value less than 0. 05 was considered significant.

According to learning curve of family planning clinical skills، practicing 21-30 times is enough (75%) for health workers to achieve adequate competency. During 15 weeks of clinical education، the level of competency did not change significantly.

The maximum appropriate practice times of family planning clinical skills in junior paramedics are 30 times. By using learning curve can achieve to ideal competency level and enough retention of skills as well.

Menopause is a permanent and important event in women life that the time of its creation is influenced by several factors. In this period due to hormonal changes، women are prone to cardiovascular problems، breast mass and cancer and endometrial cancer. This study was performed to evaluate the pre-and post-menopausal pathologies samples of breast. In this study، 310 pathological samples of breast were studied in pathology center of Shohada hospital in Khorramabad، Iran during 2002 to 2012. The study samples were patients who had underwent mass and tumor biopsy، radical mastectomy and removal of lymph nodes، total and partial mastectomy and their pathologic data had been recorded. Physical examination، patient demographic data and their chief complain were extracted. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) and Chi-square test. P value less than 0. 05 was considered significant. The most common pathological findings in women older than 40 years were respectively fibro adenoma (28. 7%) and ductal carcinoma (27. 3%). Fibro adenoma (39. 2%) was the most common finding in premenopausal stage and ductal carcinoma (34. 4%) in postmenopausal stage. The most common type of masses in premenopausal period are benign and in postmenopausal are malignant. The regular periodic examination and mammographic follow up are recommended during menopausal age.