مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایلام
سال بیست و یکم شماره 5 (پیاپی 81، مهر 1392)

Mastic is a valuable oily fruit that has attracted much attention due to its pharmaceutical، nutritional and industrial applications. As long time، mastic is used by the Ilamian people. In this review، fatty acids contents and chemical properties of mastic oil are compare with edible known oils such as olive، sunflower and canola oils. In addition، the traditional and com-mon uses of mastic have investigated in Ilam province.

The center and core of every high education system are students. And students as the main driving force of the societies toward the development and prog-ress needs having computer and Internet for research purposes. Therefore، the aim of this study was to determine the satisfaction rate of students with computer centers at Shahr-e-Kord University of Medical Scie-nces. This study was a descriptive study in which 275 students we-re randomly chosen at the Shahr-e-kord Un-iversity of Medical Sciences. The data col-lection tool was a researcher made ques-tionnaire which its reliability was obtained by the Cronbach''s alpha test of 0. 88. Data was analyzed using SPSS16 and P<0. 05 was considered significant. Subjects were 121 (44%) female and 154 subjects (56%) male students. The mean age of the female and male students was 21. 64±2. 47 and 21. 81±2. 33 years،- respectively. The average satisfaction sco-res with the computer center of school of medicine was 48. 40±22. 43، with the com-puter center of the deputy of research was 49. 92±19. 57 and with the computer centers of dormitories was 28. 90±23. 25. Discussion & Results indicated that students'' satisfaction toward the comp-uter centers of dormitories was much lower than the other centers. Since the students spend the most of their time in dormitories، resolving the shortages in these centers leads to prevent time loses by the students due to their referring to other computer cen-ters.

Dysfunctional Attitude Scale is one of the most common instruments to Assess cognitive vulnerability، the aim of this study was to develop and validate the short form of Dysfunctional Attitude Scale appropriate to clinical population. Participants were 8o psychiatric Patients from Medical Centers related to Isfahan Medical University، and 80 non-Patient. Research Instruments were clinical interview based on DSM-IV-TR، Dysfunctional Attitude Scale and General Heath Questionnaire. Data was analyzed by multi correlation and factor analysis methods. Resalts: Acording to results of factor analysis and item –total correlation 14 items were condidated to omission. The analysis of Dysfunctional Attitude scale – 26 items (DAS-26) revealed a cronbach’s alpha 0. 92. Evidence for the construct and predication validity were obtained by correlation between the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale and psychiatric diagnosis (r=0. 55) GHQ -28 (r=0. 56) and somatization، anxiety، social dysfunction، and depression subscales respectively (0. 45،0. 53،0. 48،0. 57) factor analysis revealed four factor structure. The results showed that the Iranian version of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS-26) Possess satisfaction Psychometric Properties suggesting that this instrument is appropriate for use as a cognitive measure in a Iranian cultural Context.

Giardia and Cryptosporidium are two of the most common parasitic protozoa that cause acute intestinal infections in children، all of the world. These parsites find in water environments، such as Untreated water، wastewaters and even treated water. According to، a precise study on surface water was not done، in our country، necessity of precise study by IFA method that is prescise and newer than simple microscopic method on drinking water supplies aim to finding of parasit، is appreciated. Material and methos: Using IFA and Eosin stainig methods، untreated water، water of main refinery system and water of six Hamadan drinking water reserviour was studied and data analysis was done by: SPSS version 10 © 2005 Chicago. Means of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts، stainined with IFA method، in 100L treated water for each one was 0. 25 and in 100L untreated water were respectively 2. 5 and 1. 5 Measure of viable Giardia cysts and viable Cryptosporidium oocysts were seen with Eosin method، in 100L treated water for each one was 0. 0 and in 100L untreated water were respectively 0. 5 and 0. 1. Finding show that Hamadan main source of untreated water have Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts higher than standard measure (for Giardia and cryptosporidium is respectively 0. 1 and 0. 01 in 100L) and pollution is sensible. Viable cysts or oocysts in one of refinery system''s port were not seen and in another system، 1 nonviable cyst were seen، but، in urban water reserviours، five zone have both parasits and one of them have 1 Giardia cyst only، that indicate secondary pollution of urban water reserviours.

the aim of this study was measurement of relation the social network and physical health aspect in the parents of mental retarded educatable students in Dezful city. In this correlation study، number of 226 parent of mental retarded educatable students from elementary and guidance schools in Dezful city، have selected randomly from society basis on the kokran formula. Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire for determination of social network and survey short form-36 health for determination of physical health have used in this way. for analyzing data Pearson correlation، Regression and variance analyze (ANOVA) have been used. Pearson correlation Coefficient and Liner Regression analyze suggested that there is a significant between social network and physical health aspect، genral health، physical functioning، role-physical and bodily pain in parents with educable mental retarded students (P<0. 05). Discussion & this study shows that there is a positive and significant relation between social network and physical health aspect in the parents of mental retarded educatable student. Thus، social networks should be considered as important factors in developing health promotion programs for parent.

normal sexual function is a main factor in marital satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral educating program on increasing marital satisfaction of women having hypoactivity of sexual desire in Gonabad city. In this semi experimental study، The subjects were 30 women referring to the counseling and guidance center in Gonabad that have received diagnosis of hypoactivity of sexual desire disorder. They were randomly selected and then assigned to two equal groups of control and experimental. They filled out the marital gratification questionnaire (Enrich، 1996) in pretest and posttest phases. The experimental group took part in ten ninety-minute sessions for three months. The data were analyzed by SPSS software. The results showed that there was a significant difference between differential means of marital satisfaction of women having hypoactivity of sexual desire disorder in two groups، that is، the cognitive-behavioral educating program was significantly effective on increasing marital satisfaction (P= 0. 038). in according to، the effect of Cognitive behavioral Teaching on increase of marital satisfaction of women، it is recommended to use these teaching by specialist into therapeutic program of women that having hypoactive sexual desire disorder

Preeclampsia one of major risk maternal morbidity and mortality. inflamation plays a pivotal role in the Preeclampsia The aim of this study was to compare Prevalence of plasma Helicobacter Pylori IgG between Preeclamptic and normal pregnant woman. In a case control study، prevalence of 64 Patients with Preeclampsia and 64 normal pregnant women were chosen. Matching was done on age H. pylori serum Immunoglobulin IgG antibody Concentration were determined by enzyme- linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA). Data was analyzed using Chi-square، t-test، logistic Regresion and Roc Curve Althought seropositive IgG against H. Pylori was higher in preeclamptic mothers. There was not any statistical significant association between prevalence of plasma Helicobacter Pylori (IgG) and preeclampsia OR= 1/79 (0/95 CI، 3/66- 0/88) Roc curve analysis show that IgG H. among weight and hypertention Drugs with Preeclampsia was meaning Association. pylori can predict 65preeclampsia the aria under ROC curve surface was %56 95% CI (0/46 – 0/66) IgG seropositive was no association of H. Pylori infection with Preeclampsia and mor than studies needs and larger namber to explainde these Association.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third common type of cancer and the second leading cause of death in cancer. DNA damages and chromosomal instability are the greatest risk factors favoring the development of CRC. Exo1 is the only exonuclease involved in the MMR system. In this study because of the important role of Exo1 and in order to assess the susceptible biomarkers associated with the CRC، we have investigated the correlation between SNP of Exo1 gene rs1047840 and risk of CRC.

This case-control study was performed on 118 cases and 130 healthy controls who had been referred to Taleghani hospital of Tehran. We analysed genotyping using polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism and using MseI restriction enzyme.

According to our findings the frequencies of AA، AG،GG genotypes in control group were 49/3%، 43/8% and 6/9% and in patient group were 44/9%، 47/5% and 7/6%. The frequency of G and A allels were 71/2% and 28/8% in healthy controls and 68/6% and 31/4% in patients.

Base on our findings، rs1047840 polymorphism is not associated with susceptibility to CRC and so we reached on a conclusion that this polymorphism possibly doesn’t have significant role in increasing or decreasing risk of CRC.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the opportunistic pathogens in hospital that afflicts patients with burning damages، respiratory diseases، cystic fibrosis، bacterinemia، septicemia and many of other prevalent infections. P. aer-uginosa has two types of cyclic PAPI such as PAPI-1 (108 kb) and PAPI-2 (11kb). The big island، namely، PAPI-1 has an important role in virulence، evolution and development of pathogenic process of the bacteria. Many cellular contamination capa-bilities of the bacterium including chronic infections in people with cystic fibrosis are arisen from function of the gene. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of PAPI-1 gene in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.

Clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were identified by traditional methods. After extraction of genomic DNA، the existence of PAPI-1 coding gene was confirmed by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Of the isolates under study، 17 samples (35. 41%) contained PAPI-1gene. Among 29 samples of urinary tract origin، 9 samples (31. 03%) contained PAPI-1 gene and from 19 samples of burn injuries، 8 samples (42. 1%) contained PAPI-1. This big island of P. aeruginosa، namely، PAPI-1، was equally existed in burning and urinary infection samples. Discussion &

Results of the present study indicated that the big island، PAPI-1، in PA14 strain of P. aeruginosa has a very wide role in bacterial infections. These results revealed the active presence of this big island in the development of pathogenicity and bacterial infection capa-bility by P. aeruginosa.

Melatonin is the main prod-uct of pineal gland that has been associated with body''s physiologic rhythms. New evidence suggests that melatonin plays a role in pain system. For example، the per-ipheral co-administration of melatonin and morphine produce additive analgesic effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of central injection of melatonin on the formalin-induced pain in white male rats.

In this study، 40 NMRI white rats were divided into four equal groups (each group=10 rats) inclu-ding: control، sham (having canola without melatonin injection) and 2 melatonin group that received melatonin 0. 5 and 0. 1µg /kg، respectively. The canola was implemented in the right brain ventricle of the rats via sterotaxic method. After 7 days of resting and then returning to normal condition، first dose of melatonin was injected and a half hour after it 50 microliter formalin (2. 5 %) was injected at the floor of right foot to evaluate the acute and chronic pain. Data acquisitions were done through counting the number of licking the injected foot and accumulation of dorsal area skin (flinching) for 1 hour. Then، the acquired data were statistically analyzed.

Administration of melatonin at the acute phase، reduced licking of the inje-cted site in both treatment groups compared to the control group (P<0. 05، 0. 01). In the chronic phase، the administration of 0. 5 µg melatonin، significantly decreased the num-ber of the foot licking compared to the co-ntrol group، especially at 15-40 and 60 minutes of test (P<0. 01). The sign of behind skin flinching significantly decreased with using of 0. 5µg of melatonin compared to the control group، particularly at the acute phase and beginning time of the chronic phase (P<0. 05). This behavior was increa-sed in both groups receiving melatonin at the end of chronic phase، mainly at 55 and 60 minutes of formalin test (P<0. 01، 0. 001). Discussion &

Our study sho-wed that the central injection of melato-nin has a significant analgesic effect; how-ever، the analgesic pattern may vary depen-ding on time.

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease which caused by a protozoan belong to the genus، Leishmania. IL-2 is an important cytokine that progresses lymph-ocytes from G1 to S phase، leading to T cells growth and proliferation. IL-2 is produced by activated CD4+ T cells and stimulates T and B lymphocytes، monocy-tes and natural killer cells. The present study was designed to determine and define the leishmania major-induced suppression of IL-2Rα expression in the peripheral human T-lymphocytes in vitro condition. Leishmania major standard strain (MRHO/IR/75/EK) was cul-tured in the NNN medium and proliferated in RPMI medium. Human peripheral T lymphocytes were also cultured in RPMI medium. Phytohemaglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes، in the present and/or absent of leishmania major promastigotes، were sam-pled at the incubation times، 12، 24، 36، 48h، stained with FITC-labelled anti-CD25 (IL-2Rα chain MAb) and PE-labelled anti-CD4 (CD4 MAb) and then، analyzed by flowcytometry. Data were analyzed by us-ing the WIN MDI software and statistical tests. Results of this study showed that leishmania major suppressed the expression of IL-2R in the activated T cells and inhib-ited the proliferation of lymphocytes. We found the expression of IL-2R by human peripheral T Lymphocytes. These T cells that co-cultured with leishmania major and stimulated with Phytohemagglutinin، were significantly suppressed 6h after culture initiation. However، the suppressed effect was seen to be moderate. The magnitude of this effect further increased when greater numbers of promastigotes were added. Discussion & Inhibition of IL-2R expression by the leishmania parasite may play a role in the suppressive effects associated with leishmaniasis disease. Molecular and biochemical characterization of the leishmania immuno suppressive fac-tors can be useful for vaccine development and also for drug related studies.

Biodegradation of hea-vy fuel oil (Mazut) by indigenous competent microorganisms is one of the new fields of biotechnology in petroleum industries. Biocompatibi-lity and inexpensiveness characterist-ics of the method have developed its application day to day. Isolation and identification of oil bacteria can be an effective approach for degrading heavy fuel oil. Sampling of the soil and water sources contamin-ated with oil components was carried out. The samples were incubated on special culture conditions to screen potential microorganisms. Then، their degrading ability was investigated on mazut. Best microorganisms were se-lected and identified. Then، the degr-adation capability for mazut was in-vestigated in matrices containing fix-ed and floating mazut by the strain bacteria. The new strain Entero-bacter cloacae (BBRC10061) was isolated and identified from oil conta-minated soil in Mashhad to biod-egrade mazut. In aerobic condition، 13% of mazut (1%v/v) containing in mineral environment was degraded by BBRC10061 during a 10-day period. Evaluating the fixation and floatation of mazut and also impli-cating the microbial mixture، demon-strated that the floating the mazut and preventing its adoration into the bioreactor wall increased the effici-ency process. However، the mixture was not able to considerably increase the mazut degradation. Discussion & The results of this study represented the strain BBRC1-0061 could be used as a proper degrader for biodegradation of the heav

Identification and analysis of light elements using atomic layers due to low energy X ray is not a suitable method and They have weak energy and absorbed locally. Gamma rays have enough energy for detection. Nuclear techniques usually are used to identi-fy and analyze of light elements such as hydrogen، oxygen and etc that the major components of Tissues and drug. Nuclear methods have expensive equipment and high risk factor. Before using this equipment، the level of efficiency and all aspects of radiation protection issues measured by using computer codes such as MCNP. In this paper، a system designed can be used qualitative and quantitative analysis of tissues with in vivo and in vitro to investigate the changes of the elements percent، Observed dose rate of drug body tissue (spot check) and etc.

MCNP code has ability to transport and particle analysis a system was Designing for the analysis of light elements. The most important parameters were deter-mined and with ability of code to change the geometry of components determined an optimal point for each parameter. Effective Parameters in analysis Including material Component Sys-tem، Component dimensions and their shaped and located by writing several programs with MCNP code their parameters were studied and selected as the most suitable of them for sys-tem.

All parameters were evaluated in this study include: 1. With Research different ma-terial، beryllium oxide - Bismuth was chosen for collimator material. 2. change rate of flux with thickness of collimator was investigated، Result، no significant increase in the flux for 5cm thickness. 3. Flux rate was checked by changing Opening angle of collimator، It was found، collimator opening angle should be proportional to the radiation field. If collimator opening angle increase، Neutron scattering is increase and decrease opening angle flux rate will de-crease. 4. Output flux rate was check with changes collimator Length and found maximum point in 22cm collimator length. 5. Flux rate was checked by changing the distance of sample from source، It was found that would be better if their position nearest distance. 6. System dose calculations were performed It is quite standard. Discussion and

System designed According to the results of effective parameter of light elements analysis that all the optimized parameters and system works with using MCNP code simulation software. The system in Compared to other devices are used in light elements analysis such as reactors have smaller volume، higher utilization rate، less pollution and Lower cost. System is used for light element analysis in local and extensive tissues، monitoring of drugs in tissues and etc. Analysis results is given in (6) image.

The only presented vaccine against tetanospasmin (the main factor of the fatal disease tetanus) is its toxoid which creates a 10-year period immunization. Ho-wever، the botulinum toxoid (the main factor of the fetal disease botulism) only creates a 2-year period immunization. The-se two toxins have 36% homology and are falling into one family but are different in immunological memory، the scale of hom-oral immunity response and probably the scale of antibody production. The goal of this study was to compare the immunization and antibody titer of fragment C of both tetanus toxin (THc) and botulinom type A (BONT/A-Hc). Expression of the recombinant proteins، THc and BONT/A-Hc، was accomplished by using of the tran-sgenic host، E. coli Bl21 DE3 and the pET28a vectors which contained the two genes in an optimum condition. Both the mentioned proteins were derived and puri-fied from the solution phase of cell extract and were evaluated on SDS-PAGE gel. Finally، the antibody titer containing in the serum of immunized animals with each of the aforementioned proteins، was inv-estig-ated and compared by immunoassay test. The result of SDS-PAGE gel evaluation showed a proper expression and purification of both the recombinant prot-eins، THc and BONT/A-Hc، in solution phase of cell extract. The immunoassay res-ults of serum showed that the antibody titer against the recombinant protein of THc was more than those for the recombinant protein of BONT/A-Hc. Discussion & It is conceived that the significant differences in the antib-ody titer can be related to the longevity of memory cells. However، the result needs more studies.

Proper assessment of dental status and understanding the causes of teeth decay and needs of different age groups play an important role in determining the health status and health plan of comm. -unities. This study aimed to explore the pre-valence and causes of dental caries in 2-6 years old children of Kashan city in 2010.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 310 children، aged 2-6 years، in Kashan city during 2010. Sampling was made through a two-staged and randomized procedure. Data were collected from dental examination and completed questionnaires and then was analyzed using SPSS software program. The relationships between dmft index and underlying variables were examined by the non-parametric tests، Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis.

results of the study showed 51. 3% of 2-6 years old children and 70% of 5-6 years old children had no tooth caries. And the mean of dmft index was obtained to be 2. 34 ± 1. 57. There was a significant relationship between tooth caries and the type of consumed milk (p. v=0. 002)، milk consumption period (p. v=0. 025)، brushing the teeth by mother (p. v= 0. 004)، brushing age (p. v=0. 004)، brushing frequency (p. v=0. 042)، flossing frequency (p. v=0. 025)، and children trend toward candy foods (p. v=0. 000). Discussion & Conclusion sy: Since the rate of CF among children aged 5-6 years old in the population under study is far away the international standards of WHO، health professionals can provide the nece-ssary guidelines and training programs reg-arding preventive health behaviors and eating habits for parents and children. They could also strengthen the cultural beliefs، introduce and support consulting services stems and promote children oral health in community.

IgA nephropathy is the most common cause of primary glomerulonep-hritis throughout the most of developed countries. Since the biopsy is the only way for diagnosis of IgA nephropathy، finding an easy and non-invasive method seems to be necessary for prognosis، diagnosis and treatment of this disease. In this study، it was attempted to find some urine candidate biomarkers that represent the progression of disease in patients with IgA nephropathy.

Urine samples from 13 patients were collected and their prote-ome were extracted and analyzed with na-no-LC-MS/MS. The protein profile was obtained and those differential proteins bet-ween patients with advanced and mild disease states (based on the renal function; eGFR) were determined using orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and the acquired data underwent bioinformatics analysis.

A panel composed of 50 signi-ficant proteins was obtained in which 10 top candidate biomarkers were introdu-ced. Dermcidin and Osteopontin had highe-st variation amongst the proteins، so that they overrepresented and underrepresented، res-pectively. Complement system and inna-te immune response were introduced as the significantly important different processes between two groups of patients. Discussion &

The introduced panel of urinary biomarkers can open a new insight to the mechanism of disease progr-ession and may be helpful as a non-invasive diagnosis method.

Cancer is the second cause of death in the world، and colon cancer is the third cause of cancer deaths. Assessment of factors which affect this cancer is important for prolonging the patient survival. The purpose of this study was to compare para-metric and Cox models as well as to deter-mine demographic and socioeconomic fact-ors affecting the 5-year survival of patients with colon cancer. In this survival stu-dy، population included 580 patients with colon cancer who were recorded in the Ca-ncer Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science from April 2005 to November 2006 and then were followed up for 5 years. Exponential، weib-ull، lognormal، log-logistic، and generalized gamma parametric models and Cox model were used to process the data. The models were compared with Akaike’s information criteria and Cox-Snell residual plot. Of 580 patients، 34% died. The age of patient during cancer diagnosis، gender، custody during childhood، residence location and afflicted organ were associated with the 5-year survival of patients. He calculated hazard ratios were nearly similar in different models. Based on Akaike’s inf-ormation criteria، the log-logistic and ext-ended gamma models were determined as better models، however based on Cox-Snell residual، the log-logistic and exponential models were determined as better models. Discussion & The result of study showed that the log-logistic model is a suitable model. Regarding the association between socioeconomic factor of residence location and 5-year survival of patients، the health promotion programs and planes is needed to improve the socioeconomic det-erminants of health status.

Meta-analysis is the statistical analysis of a combination of independent studies which follow the same purposes. Presence of outlier and influencing samples may affect on the validity of a meta-ana-lysis. The present study was performed to investigate the presence of outlier and influence samples in a meta-analysis that evaluates the effect of Albendazole on the treatment of patients with hookworm.

The information of 15 clinical trial articles each containing of treatment and placebo groups، were evalua-ted. In this articles the effect of albendazole as a single oral dose (400 mg) for the treatment of hookworms were compared with placebo. Articles had been published between the years of 1983 to 2012. For each of the studies، the total number of participants، number of patients and impr-oved patients were recorded. Relative risk and its variance were calculated for each study and then the items were again extracted through the meta-analysis of the entire studies. To identify the outlier and influence regions، the residual methods including standardized deleted residuals، cooks distance dffits value and ratios of generalized variances were used and their charts were plotted. The R and STATA softwares were used for statistical analysis. Discussion &

Meta-Analysis showed that the estimated relative risk is equal to 1. 74 with confidence intervals 1. 61 and 1. 89. All applied statistical methods showed that of the studies، 2 researches were identified as outlier and were assigned on the charts

Clinical education is the most fundamental part of the curriculum of nurs-ing students that combines theoretical kno-wledge and practical skills and prepares them to enter the field of patient care and provide clinical and treatment services. Different ways of clinical education have a direct impact on the clinical skills acqu-isition and student satisfaction. So، this study aimed to investigate the relation bet-ween preparation of preceptors and nursing student’s satisfaction of clinical education.

This research was a cross-sectional research study. 44 clinical preceptors and 202 nursing students parti-cipated in the research during 1391. The preparedness questionnaire for preceptors had two parts، the demographic and clinical preparation، and students'' satisfaction ques-tionnaire also had two sections including demographic information and 25 questions about their satisfaction. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statist-ics and sample analysis methods. Also، the chi-square test was used to link survey objectives and research questions.

The average of age was 22. 5 ye-ars for students and 40 years for preceptors. 75 percent of preceptors had bachelor deg-ree، and 25 percent had master degree. They had averagely 16. 34 and 5. 69 years services and preceptor experience، respectively. 53. 5 percent of students reported a high satisfac-tion and only 10. 4% reported a low satisfa-ction. There was statistically significant re-lation between clinical preparedness of preceptors and student satisfaction (P=0. 024). Relation between clinical prepar-edness and sex (P=0. 05)، marital status (P=0. 01) and coaching experience (P=0. 038) were significant and in the female groups، the number of married people and coaching experience was more than 5 years. Relation of student satisfaction with the sex (P=0. 004) and student’s employment (P=0. 001) were significantly higher in male and employed groups. Discussion &

Given to the rel-ationships between preceptor preparedness and nursing student’s satisfactions in the represented clinical education period، this model is suggested as an applicable and suitable one for nursing colleges and health related educational centers. The accurate selection of people who interested in clin-ical trainings، providing training and edu-cational requirements and holding coordin-ation meetings among preceptors and fac-ulty members and presenting guidelines and clinical education plan can promote clinical training and student’s satisfaction.

Diphtheria، caused by toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheria is a fatal disease that was characterized by Hippocrates in 5 B. C. Exotoxin (dTX) is causative agent of this lethal disease. Diphtheria toxin consist two chains، catalytic (A) and binding (B) chain. The toxin binds to its receptor by binding chain (B) and enters in many of body cells such as myocardial، kidney and peripheral nerve cells. After entering، catalytic chain (A) inhibits protein synthesis and cause target cell death. Currently، toxoid form of diphtheria toxin used as vaccine. The aim of this study was design and provide of synthetic mutated catalytic subunit of diphtheria toxin. Then، regarding to its bioinformatics study، this gene would cloned and expressed as recombinant protein vaccine. After determining and optimizing of dtx gene sequence containing two mutations (A158G، G52E)، and perform its bioinformatics study، this synthetic gene was provided in expression vector and molecular analysis was carried out. The pET28a/dtxA construct was transformed in Bl21DE3 E. coli. Then، recombinant protein expression and production as a vaccine candidate was evaluated by western blotting technique. Regarding to the codon optimization of A subunit of diphtheria toxin and bioinformatics analysis، the synthetic mutated gene in expression vector was ordered and provided. The molecular analysis of this gene by restriction digestion and electrophoresis was confirmed its accuracy. This protein was confirmed by western blotting after expression and production. According to advantages of DtxA recombinant protein to diphtheria toxoid، it seems this recombinant protein، as vaccine candidate، could be replaced with diphtheria vaccine. This issue should been completed by more researches.