Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences
Volume:18 Issue: 3, 2013

There are two main techniques to accomplish pins and plaster. In this study the results of two surgical techniques is compared in the treatment of unstable distal radius fractures. In this cross–sectional study، since the beginning of October 2008، for 3 years patients with unstable distal radius fracture (type C division AO) with one of the two pins and plaster (ulnar pin and long plaster، radial schanze and short plaster) were treated. For each patient demographic data، radiographic evaluation، surgical technique، wrist performance evaluation based on MAYO wrist score، patient satisfaction، pain on VAS and complications were recorded. All patients were recalled in October 2012. There were 65 patients in Group A (ulnar pin) and 73 patients in Group B (radial schanze). The wrist radiographic evaluation did not show significant differences between criteria in the two groups during the follow up. The mean score at the final visit after surgery in groups A and B، respectively، were 867. 1 and 891. 2. Patient satisfaction score (from 1 to 10) in group A was 5. 09 and in group B was 8. 41، which is statistically significant. ‍ Due to the low side in radial schanze compared to the ulnar pin (although not significant) and a more satisfactory result after a radial schanze and short plaster approach، this method appears to be a more preferable method than the ulnar pin.

The severity of labor pain perception is influenced by many factors including cultural، social، environmental، and psychological effects. In this analytical study، 300 pregnant women were selected randomly. The data was collected by interview، questionnaire، and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) assessed the severity of pain. The data analyzed by descriptive statistical methods، Chi-squared test، linear and logistic regression analysis using SPSS. 18. The average severity pain was found 8. 212. 65 and 8. 102. 48 in primiparous and multiparous، respectively. In addition، the severity of pain showed association with body image، fear and anxiety. The severity of labor pain seems to be anticipated by various factors such as body image، environmental factors، fear، anxiety، etc. However، our findings are in discordance with those of some other studies.

Gray’s reinforcement sensitivity theory presents three general motivational، behavioral and emotional systems. These systems include: a behavioral-inhibition system (BIS)، a behavioral-activation system (BAS)، and a fight-flight system، which is a reflection of different functional aspects of the nervous system. This study examines the relationship between brain-behavioral systems and social anxiety with regard to gender. In this study، 230 high school students (Girls115، boys115) aged 15-17 years old who were studying in 2010-2011 academic year were selected randomly through multistage random sampling. Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN)، Gray-Wilson Personality Questionnaire (GWPQ) and Carver and White’s BAS/BIS scale were used. Data were analyzed using analysis of regression (stepwise) and independent t-test. Results showed active avoidance، passive avoidance، fight and extinction subscales of GWPQ. Gender can explain 25. 9% of social anxiety variation. Also، drive and fun seeking subscales of Carver & White’s BAS/BIS scale accompanied with gender can explain 25. 8% of social anxiety variation. Also، results showed that females mean of social anxiety was significantly higher than males. ‍ Findings indicated brain-behavioral systems contribute to explain the social anxiety variation. Although، the gender could explain some amount of social anxiety variance، but more studies should be conducted to help careful findings in this field.

Achievement of mathematics in every society can help the development of other scientific disciplines and industries. Therefore، diagnosis and identification of students with math anxiety by appropriate instruments provides a timely opportunity for intervention. The present study aims to investigate psychometric properties of the bidimensional Mathematics Anxiety Scale-Revised (MAS-R) on girl students In this descriptive cross-sectional study، due to the nature of research، the Morgan table was undertaken on 510 girl students from Kermanshah state in 2013. Samples selection was based on a multistage cluster sampling. Participants completed Bai’s bidimensional mathematics anxiety scale and Schwarzer and Jerusalem’s self-efficacy scale to determine concurrent validity، correlation between self-efficacy and academic achievement scores with mathematics anxiety to assess the construct validity، confirmatory factor analysis method. Moreover، for this purpose LISREL (version-5) software was used. In order to achieve reliability of Mathematics Anxiety Scale، using (SPSS-18) statistical software، Cronbach''s alpha and split-half Spearman-Brown were performed on this data. Concurrent validity between mathematics anxiety scale with academic achievement and self-efficacy was negative and significant (p<0. 001). Using confirmatory factor analysis، the two-factor structure was confirmed and Cronbach''s alpha and split-half Spearman-Brown were respectively 0. 72 and 0. 65. Furthermore، it was obtained a significant negative correlation between math anxiety and general self-efficacy and academic achievement. In general، results of this study indicate that according to English edition، Bai’s bi-dimensional mathematics anxiety scale is formed both positive and negative attitudes to mathematics. Thus، in our country research on this scale in addition to assessing mathematics anxiety can be used to measure students’ attitude to mathematics.

Different types of non-bioabsorbable membranes have been widely used for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with its ultimate goal of regenerating lost periodontal structures. The purpose of this present in- vitro study is to evaluate the effects of various non-bioabsorbable membranes on the quality and quantity of the human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells attachment. Three non-bioabsorbable membranes (TXT-200، GBR-200، IMTEC OVID] were studied. All membrane with the dimension of 3×3 mm were exposed to human periodontal ligament fibroblast from extracted premolars with cell density of 105 cell/ml in 15 wells، and then incubated for 24 hours. Moreover، samples were fixed and processed for light and scanning electron microscopy evaluation. Data were statistically analyzed using the one- way ANOVA test. The results showed three barriers were tested، in over times، TXT-200 and GBR-200 membranes had the highest rate of attachment and IMTEC OVID membrane had the lowest rate of attachment cells in regards to morphology. The result was statistically significant. However، the result for MTT and ALKAP index were not statistically significant. ‍ In this study GBR-200 and TXT-200 membranes demonstrated better result in morphology changes of fibroblast cells in culture medium.

The presence of high IQ within the ADHD population is an area of some controversy. The literature on this topic is primarily comprised of case reports and observations. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in Olympiad students. This descriptive-comparative study was performed on Olympiad students. The sample included 49 Olympiad students and 50 non-Olympiad student who were selected by random sampling after filling two questionnaires، including the demographic characteristics questionnaire and the Conner’s Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity (CAARS-S: SV) questionnaire. From the 49 Olympiad students، 25 students (51%) were inattention index، 33 students (67%) in the hyperactivity index had higher or much higher scores than average and، 30 students (61%) had higher or much higher scores in ADHD index. The results of t-test for comparison between Olympiad students and non-Olympiad students score on ADHD scales show significant difference existed in two groups (p< 0. 05). ‍ According to the results، we presume that the symptoms of hyperactivity and attention deficit are common among Olympiad students. For preventing educational problems and high-risk behaviors، such as drug use، further studies and appropriate preventive and treatment programs are highly recommended.

It is obvious due to lack of resources،resources; we should devote our limited resources to priorities in order to reach an acceptable level of health. The objective of this study is research priority setting for Pediatric Surgery Research Center with the participation of all stakeholders. This is a Health System Research (HSR) project. In order to apply governance and leadership issues with the participation of 41 people including faculty members in Pediatric Surgery Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences، other pediatric specialists and health system stakeholders and the people associated with the health system inside and outside of the university. This study was performed with little change in 2010 using the Council on Health Research for Development (COHRED) model. Based on the model، at first the stakeholders were identified and the field situation of pediatric surgery was analyzed. Then، research areas and titles were specified and research priorities were setup by giving scores according to the criteria. The seven obtained research areas in order of priority are pediatric trauma، pediatric cancers، pediatric urology diseases، undescended testicles in children، developmental genetics and congenital defects، emergency in children and application of laparoscopic surgery in children. SinceBecause each of the research areas are composed of multiple subareas. Finally we specified 43 research subareas as research priorities. These subareas include epidemiology، risk factors، prevention، screening، diagnosis، treatment، follow-up، complications، knowledge and attitudes of parents، quality of life، economy aspects and data bank for further research. ‍ In this project، research priorities were setup for Pediatric Surgery Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences with the participation of all the stakeholders based on the recommended model of WHO (COHRED). It seems that reliability of the priorities is in moderate level، but there is a certaincertain validity in obtaining the best content in terms of the study conditions.

Stress during pregnancy can have long-term negative consequences on both mother and fetus. Therefore، recognizing the factors that contribute to controlling stress can have a major role in pregnant women’s mental health. The current research was designed to determine the role of self-esteem on the level of stress during pregnancy and the ways to cope with it. In this regard، a cross-sectional study was conducted. The city of Tehran was divided into 4 geographic districts including north، south، east and west. A state hospital was elected for each district، and 450 pregnant women (24-32 of gestational week) were randomly chosen from the hospitals. After explaining the purpose of the study and obtaining an informed consent from the qualified pregnant women، they filled out the perceived stress، Rosenberg Self-Esteem and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19. The level of significance was considered p<0. 05. The age of the 450 participating pregnant women was 28. 55 years، 78. 9 percent had high school or lower education، and 90 percent were housewives. In this study، self-esteem was 21. 918. 33 and the perceived stress was 20. 094. 5، respectively. There was a significant inverse correlation between self-esteem and perceived stress. A significant difference was observed between individuals with different levels of self-esteem and the coping styles. ‍ It appears that the level of self-esteem of pregnant women is effective on their level of stress and their coping style. By teaching techniques، which increase self-esteem، the level of stress can be decreased in pregnant women.