مجله مطالعات مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 19 (مهر و آبان 1392)

The aim of this study was designing and compiling ethics regulations for faculty members of Physical Education and Sports sciences groups and colleges in Iran. Daft (1998) defined ethics as principles and values that prevail upon individual and collective behavior. Most educational–research organizations specially universities all over the world have suggested and used ethic regulations to approach the goals and promote the cultural level of their organizations. So this study designed to get the same reason. Statistical population of the study involved 220 faculty members of Physical Education groups and colleges in Iran. The sample was estimated 136 people according to Morgan’s table. Although among gathered questionnaires a total of 119 questionnaires were suitable for Statistical analysis. Measuring instrument was a made questionnaire، including 41 questions in Likert five values Scale. For descriptive analyze indices such as mean and standard deviation were used. Exploratory factor analysis used to determine factors. Factor analysis approach used to approve the model by determining relationship between questions with factors and factors with ethics regulations. Also، single sample t-test used for analyzing the status of questions، factors and ethics regulations. Finally Freidman test used for prioritization of questions and factors. In exploratory factor analysis the amount of KMO test (due adequacy of sample volume) was reached %918. Correlation between questions was confirmed by using the Bartlet test of sphericity. Eventually among all of the designed questions through main factors، 28 questions were confirmed by using varimax rotation. Furthermore the questions set in six factors include، group activities، verbal and behavioral honesty، duty، professional behavior، scientific-research commitment and financial responsibilities in which predictive power of questions based on the total variance were %13. 74. Reliability of the questionnaire factors was 88. 0، 74. 0، 87. 0، 87. 0، 82. 0 and 87، 0 which were found to be excellent. In relationship analysis of questions and factors، all of the questions had significantly high relation with their factors T value=1. 96). Goodness-fit test showed that x2 / DF ratio was 1. 51 and RMSEA was 0. 066. Also all factors were in connection with the concept of ethics regulations with a significantly positive and meaningful relation (T value=1. 96).

The purpose of this study which was Participatory management practices to estimate the relative contribution of entrepreneurship from the perspective of Physical Education office staff Yazd. The statistical population of this research consisted of 144 participants among Physical Education all Office of Yazd Province; the resulting from human resources was conducted in 1389. According to the table and Morgan Krjsy estimated sample size was 104 and the sample of 93 questionnaires was received. The correlation study and survey methods were implemented. Data gathering has been collected by tow questioners (self- constructed) of Participatory Management & Entrepreneurship with Cronbach Coefficient Alpha for each questioner was computed (0/91 and 0/85). Data analysis in both descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using SPSS software. The results showed there was a significant relationship between Participatory Management & Entrepreneurship (r=0. 60، p≤ 0. 05). Participatory management effect on all Component Entrepreneurship (P≤ 0. 001). The relationship between participatory management with entrepreneurship in terms of gender، employment status، degree، and there are significant differences in service and other classes except class 11 to 15 years in service was significant correlation between two variables.

The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship of the motivation- hygiene factors and job involvement in employees of National Olympic Committee of Iran. This research was performed as a descriptive-correlative survey، as well as field work. The sample included all managers & employees in National Olympic Committee (n=125). The statistical sample was equal with statistical population. The used instruments were two questionnaires including: motivation-hygiene factors (Dunt & et al) and job involvement (Lodahl & Kejner). Their reliability of questionnaires were estimated through Cronbach alpha coefficient method (α=0. 91، 0. 79). In final 118 questionnaires (%94/4) was gathered. The data were analyzed via K-S، spearman، pearson (significance level p≤0/01). The Results showed that there were significant and positive relationship between motivation factors، their dimensions as responsibility، work itself، advancement and job involvement، but there weren''t significant relationship between dimensions of recognition، power of making decision and job involvement. There were significant and positive relationship between motivation factors، their dimensions as salary، job security، interpersonal relations، supervision، organizational policies، work environment and job involvement.

The purpose of this study was to examine the transition experiences of high performance athletes within Charner and Scholzberg (1986) theoretical framework. 56 retired high performance athletes voluntarily، completed the Athletes Retirement Questioner. Results revealed significant deference in transition characteristics، individual characteristics and environmental characteristics between planned and unplanned retired athletes. Examination of relation between transition process and outcome of transition، revealed just transition characteristics had significant relation to outcome variables. Finally this study suggests that Charner and Scholzberg (1986) model is suitable framework for planning and studying retirement process from high performance sport.

The purpose of this study is offer strategies for developing human resources in the gymnastic sport of Azerbaijan. The study is descriptive and data collected with questionnaire that the validity confirmed and reliability by Alfa Kronbakh method (%83) had been confirmed. Total sample in this study were 76 that’s were equal the statistical community. The results of the study showed that factors such as hiring، training، promotion and maintenance are effective in the human resource development of Gymnastics. The Factor analysis also showed that the maintenance factor with the variance 14. 21 has the highest effect in the human resource development of Gymnastics. Relying on the results of this study should be planned in order to maintenance and promotion in the human resource of Gymnastics to enhance number and sustain coaches، referees and athletes in this sport.

The purpose of this study empowering human resources factors (sense of being meaningful، felt competence، their feelings set، feel the impact and feeling of confidence) and motivation tasks at work is the Physical Education Organization. Based on statistical population of this study، all experts staff the country''s Physical Education Organization Given their small numbers، all were selected as sample and 152 persons were examined. The research method used in this study-descriptive survey was to collect information regarding the factors of empowerment questionnaire to measure empowerment and motivation Spreitzer tasks work questionnaires of subjects were used. In order to assess the relationship between empowerment and motivation factors of job duties test and Pearson correlation were used. Results showed that five key factors that include empowering feeling to be meaningful، felt competence، their sense of determination، feeling the impact is and feel confident، motivated work tasks، respectively، r = 0/51، r = 0/33، r = 0/43، r = 0/52، r = 0/47 positive and significant correlation exists in relation to the α= 0/01 than is statistically significant. Meaning of what experts consider the factors of empowerment scores are higher، their incentive to work tasks is greater. The results also showed that the highest scoring experts feel about the suitability for male and female subjects are. Other factors included feeling significant empowerment، confidence and sense of order effects is the next rank، and determine their feelings mean 12/39 and 11/97، respectively، for male and female experts in the lowest level is.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the economical barriers to implement general polices of article 44 in Iran professional sport. For this purpose، researchers interviewed knowledgeable elites and experts by using a qualitative research method. Finally، 35 interviews were done with 26 persons and data collection was finished until theoretical saturation. In accordance with qualitative research principles، data analysis was done simultaneously with data collection. Results showed that the most 21 important economical barriers of general polices of article 44 implementation، were divided into 2 categories that included: economical and financial، and investment and sponsorship barriers. These obstacles included: Instability of financial and monetary policy، absence of foreign investors in domestic markets، public ownerships of most sport and non sport industries and companies، low of Gross Domestic Product، lack of economic security and high risk of investigation in professional sport، insufficient TV rights، uneven competition of public and private clubs، intensive ticketing structure، and unclearness of economical and financial information of clubs، league organization and football federation.

The purpose of this research was classification of accessibility standards about 8 important criterions in accessibility sport places with the application of customer satisfaction management technique، for providing proper pattern in construction Sport places. Recent research is applicable and analytical - descriptive from gathering research data point of view that is performed with square method. Statistical societies of this research were all of the managers and supervisors of Urmia’s sport centers. Statistical samples were equal to statistical society and were 29 sport centers managers. Data gathering tools were questionnaire made by researchers. Analysis data and results with application of customer’s satisfaction management technique that is a technique for ranging that follows the average of equal coefficients about sport place manager''s opinions and important each of the criterions and questions showed. Adjacency criterions %89. 21، access and (appropriateness) criterions %89. 73، aesthetic and landscape criterion %91. 29، hygiene and retaining criterion %93. 34، security، control and observation criterion %92. 18، designing of parking criterion %92. 87، Designing for disabled people and sacrificial criterion %75. 55، service and information processing criterion %84. 39، To sum up the value and importance of all the standards are gathered according to ranging moreover and ranging of standards with CSM method، we can see its importance from the perspective of sport managers furthermore and use it in presenting proper models.

The first stage of sport development is a creation of effective sport system that individuals، groups and organizations have been actively involved in this system. Therefore، identification and analysis of their characteristics for meeting their demands as sport stakeholders have been discussed as stakeholder management. Hence، the purpose of this study is to identify national sport stakeholders and to investigate their importance. Statistical populations are experts of Ministry of Sport and Youth that are equal to 166 according to available statistics. Sample is equal with population. In this study a self development questionnaire was used in which demographic information and stakeholders’ power and interests were evaluated in a Likert scale. The results of this study indicated that among stakeholders of Ministry of Sport، national sport federations (4/26) had the most and sport volunteers (2/21) had the lowest interests. Also، Olympic national committee (3/56) had the most and volunteers (2/27) had the lowest power. Based on mendelow matrix، a tool to manage and implement a suitable management strategy for stakeholders، most stakeholders were categorized as low power and interest and just Boards of Sport as low power and high interest. Some sportive and primary stakeholders placed in high power and interest category. Also، based on factor analysis results، stakeholders are categorized into four groups. The results of this study can be used to implement relationship strategies and adaptive behaviors for meeting controversial and diverse stakeholders’ demands. These results are informative for Ministry of Sport and Youth which is in charge of national sport to create more effective sport system.

The purpose of this study was to survey dimensions of volunteers'' satisfaction in sport associations of universities of Iran. Statistical populations included all volunteer students in sport associations in the country’s decimal zones universities (N=582). The sample of the study consisted of 231 volunteers selected using Morgan Table (n=231). 208 completed questionnaires were analyzed. After verifying the validity of satisfaction questionnaire by the experts، reliability was calculated as 0. 88 by Cronbach''s alpha coefficient in a pilot study. Collected data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential methods such as Pearson correlation coefficient، independent t-test، ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests (P≤0. 05). Results showed from volunteer students'' perspective، Satisfaction of acquiring experience، career and social were the most important dimensions، and material Satisfaction was the least important factor. There was a significant difference in satisfaction of material، purposive، social، protective and commitment between boys and girls (P<0. 05). Furthermore، there was a significant difference in satisfaction of acquiring experience، career، purposive and commitment between physical education and non-physical education students (P<0. 05). There was negative significant relationship between age and Volunteers'' Satisfaction (r= -0. 198، sig= 0. 004). There was no significant difference between Marital Status and Volunteers'' Satisfaction. According to research results، it seems that can increase the amount of volunteers'' satisfaction and provide background of their more and most effective attendance in sport association with appropriate incentive policies and converting sport association environment to a place in which easier accessibility to individuals'' volunteer incentives becomes possible.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the relationship among the educational improvement of female students and mental symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome and morning exercises. The Statistical population consists 300 female students of night educational system of guidance school of Sabzevar city in school year 2010-2011 which were studying at 2 schools and one school was selected by random method as research sample and among total 150 students of this school، 90 students having Premenstrual Syndrome were selected as research sample and after standardization based on height، weight and age، they were randomly divided into two 45 students groups including: experimental group and control group. Experimental group was gone under morning exercises for 8 weeks before entering to class; meanwhile، control group did not gone under morning exercises. Before starting 8 weeks exercise، a mathematical pre-test was taken from both groups under ordinary condition and Premenstrual Syndrome condition and after termination of this period; again the same mathematical pos-test was taken from both groups under ordinary condition and Premenstrual Syndrome condition. In order to analyze data it was used from descriptive and inferential statistical method including: K-S، t-test، ANOVA، LSD Test، Pearson correlation coefficient and SPSS software. Results of research indicate that morning exercises has positive effect on educational improvement on mathematical course of students، mental symptoms simultaneous with Premenstrual Syndrome showed negative effect on educational improvement of the mentioned course and morning exercises resulted in decreasing negative effects of mental symptoms simultaneous with Premenstrual Syndrome on educational improvement on mathematical course.

The purpose of present study was to examine effect of relational benefits (confidence، social and special treatment benefits) on encourage customers to participate in positive word of mouth communication. This study is a descriptive study was conducted through a survey. Statistical population included customer''s pools in Tehran. The data gathering instrument was questionnaire. This questionnaire is a standardized questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and their reliability was tested by Alpha Cronbach (0/84). The research sample was 400 customers of pools in Tehran. After data collection، the data were analyzed through Structural Equations Modeling and Lisrel software. The results indicated that confidence، social and special treatment benefits had a positive and significant effect on word of mouth communication. Also fitting indicators suggest that data have been fitted well with the model. Regard to research result can be said that relational benefits have significant impact on customer participation in word of mouth communication.