نشریه پژوهش های بالینی دام های بزرگ
پیاپی 18 (بهار 1391)

During laparoscopy, a working space is established by continuous insufflating aninert gas in the peritoneal cavity whose volume should be large enough to facilitatesurgery without increasing intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) over a threshold limit (usually15 mm Hg). The most commonly used gas is CO2, since it permits safe electrocauteryand is rapidly absorbed and dissolved into blood, thus minimizing the risk of gasembolism. Twenty female mixed breed dogs which chose for an experimental procedurewere prepared. Average of weight was 20 ± 3 kilograms and average recorded of age was 18 ± 1.2 months. They randomly divided to two groups (n10). In control group theintraabdominal pressure was maintained 12 mm/Hg and in test group 20 mm/Hg duringthe operation. Histopathologic evaluations revealed more pathological changes at thekidney of all the dogs in test group (intraabdominal pressure: 20 mm/Hg) in comparisonto control group (intraabdominal pressure: 12 mm/Hg). Findings showed that, the organswith fewer numbers (1 or 2) of arteries and veins are more susceptible to increased intraabdominal pressure.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a plant of the Zingiberaceae family. From past periods the plant root has been used to treat Antioxidants, anti inflammatory, Antibacterial, anti Fungal, Stimulation of the immune system and Antimicrobial properties. It has been revealed in recent studies, that ginger has various pharmacological characteristics because of active compounds such as Shogaols and Gingerols that are responsible for its strong aroma. Ginger has different gastrointestinal, general and nutritional effects, but in the present study only the effect of feeding with ginger powder on some serum factors associated with the metabolic profile of the poultry was evaluated in order to determine medical and nutritional effects of the plant. In this study, 1, 000 Ross broilers were divided randomly into 4 groups, each group consisted of 250 broilers (A, B, C, D): A=control group (diet without dried ginger), B=treatment group (fed with a dose of 1kg dried ginger per ton of diet), C= treatment group (fed with a dose of 2kg ginger per ton of diet), D= treatment group (fed with a dose of 3kg ginger per ton of diet). The chicks were fed in a 42-day period with the specified diet and at the end of the period final weight were determined and blood samples were taken, too. Also, serum factors such as total protein, uric acid, glucose and serum enzyme activities of AST were measured and the obtained results were analyzed statistically using Anova and Tukey tests. In the present study the meaningful increase of weight، AST enzyme activity and glucose was proved and there was no significant difference about uric acid and serum protein in any group. We can conclude the use of dried ginger No adverse effects on the kidneys also increases weight and production.

Linguatulosis is an important parasitic disease in most parts of the world with majorcause of eliminates the liver in the slaughterhouses. In addition to indirect economicallyloss after infection of Linguatulosis, it affects ruminant productions as well. The adultform of Linguatula Serrata resides within the nasal and respiratory passages of dogs andother canines. It is tongue shaped, lightly convex dorsally and flattened ventrally. Eggsare approximately 70-90 microns. Ruminants such as cattle, sheep, goat and camel asintermediate hosts infect by ingestion of the eggs, and then eggs hatch and larval stagescontinue to develop in visceral cavity and internal organs especially intestinal lymphnodes, liver, lung, spleen and kidneys. After some moulting stages which is around 5-6months, the infective nymph is developed. The aim of the present investigation was toidentify the infection status of slaughtered small ruminants (sheep and goat) to LinguatulaSerata in the Sanandaj slaughterhouse. For this purpose, sampling was done from 70carcasses (35 sheep and 35 goats) in each season and in different seasons. Samples were tested by direct observation and digestive method. In each sampling case location, gender and age of the animal was registered. In this study, none of the investigated samples were infected. Undoubtedly, this situation could be a result of infections absent in carnivores as main host and in priority, dogs in the investigated region. Furthermore, complementary studies should be done for this range of the host.

During the past 30 years, the Campylobacter has been the most common cause ofgastroenteritis in developed countries. Dogs as asymptomatic carriers play an importantrole in transfering of bacteria to human. Therefore, rapid and accurate diagnosis of carrieranimalsis important. During the autumn months of 2011 in Shahr-e-Kord city a total of60 stool samples from healthy domestic dogs, in order to detection of Campylobacterwere collected. After extraction of DNA from the stool samples, positive samples whichcontain nucleotide sequence related to Campylobacter spp. were identified usinguniversal pair primers. Then identification of common species Campylobacter in dog(C.jejuni) which is highly pathogenic for humans was performed using PCRtechniqe.Out of 60 samples, 30% (18 Case) were positive due to Genus Campylobacter.Hereof, Campylobacter jejuni allocated 8.33% (5 out of 18) of this Pollution. SPSSanalysis was revealed that prevalence of Campylobacter is Significantly high in youngdogs. This study showed that PCR technique can be used as an useful test for rapiddiagnosis of Campylobacter spp. in stool samples of dog carriers or patients without theculture and expensive variety of Anibodies.

To obtain the normal amount of calcium in blood plasma of makouie breed of sheeand evaluates the resistance of this breed considerable decline of this mineral incomparison to other breeds. Makouie sheep can be introduced as a virgin and resistantalpine sheep for breeding in same areas by similar situations. Animals-331 healthy adultmakouioe sheep. 147 heads was male and 157 samples were female. Procedure-After acomplete physical examination of sheep and ascertaining of health, they sampled. For thissampling vacuum tubes or syringe 20 cc and needle no.18 were used to obtain the bloodfrom superior vena cava. No anti clotting agent was used during sampling. All of sampleswere numbered and details (age,sex, date of experiment) were recorded. Consequently,samples were transferred to laboratory to centrifuge and detach the cellular section fromthe serum of blood. In this study quick manual micro calorimetric method wasperformed. Results-Regarding to six degree of freedom, it was no significant relationbetween calcium amounts and age (P>0.05). Calcium amount was 9.42(mg/dl). Thisamount was 8.18(mg/dl) in spring and 7.85(mg/dl) in winter and finally it falls to thelowest point in summer, means: 7.62(mg/dl), (P≤0.05). Additionally, serum ionizedcalcium amount had no relevance to gender but this amount was more in female in allseasons. Regarding to histogram chart, dispersion of data was normal and average ofcalcium purity in this breed sheep was:8.29+0.1668(mg/dl). Donkan test, chi-Squre andMSTATC software was used in this investigation.

To investigate the effect of hormone therapy and 3 lambing in 2 years schedule on lambing performance of Zandi ewes in different ages, 149 ewes were randomly assigned to 7 groups as their ages (1 year old to 7 year old). In all group ewes were exposed to hormone therapy for 3 lambing periods by 8 months intervals. Hormone therapy comprised that all ewes were inserted progesterone sponges for 12 to 14 days before their own mating dates and administrated with 400 IU PMSG at sponge removal. All ewes were mated with rams naturally. There were significant differences among age groups as parturition mean, lambing rate, litter size, weaning rate, lamb born crop and lamb weaned crop (P<0.01), while the bareness of ewes and lamb mortality rate before weaning, were statistically equal in all groups. The results revealed that 5 year old and 6 year old ewes had the highest response to hormone therapy under a 3 times lambing in two years schedule and have a highest lamb production, whereas 1 year old and 7 year old ewes had a lowest performance.

When the weather is getting cold in winter and according to temperature limitation, egg production decreases in rural areas and other avicultures that suffer from keeping optimal temperature quantitatively and qualitatively. According to this point that whey has a high dietary and probiotic value and in high volume is being produced in rural areas as an accessory product and often is being thrown away therefore; we can decrease cost of sustenance and conquest on cold stress with adding a natural valuable source, a probiotic substance, like whey to egg mash. The first priority in this study is determination of effectiveness about whey in laying of domestic fowls in winter and cold stress. In this study 90 domestic fowls in 38 weeks old and duration of 30 days were used. The study was completely random and with 3 cares and 3 repetitions (9 cages with 10cases in each of them) were done. The testable cares were in order: (1)the first group(witness) that received basal egg mash in total period (based on corn and soya) and was kept in 8-12c, (2)the second group received basal egg mash in total period and was kept in 16-20c, (3) the third group received basal egg mash with 5% solution of whey and was kept in a same temperature like witness group, then after 10 days from care performance, number of eggs and some of their qualitative indexes in each group were analyzed and measured. The results of this study show that the number of eggs in the second and the third group increased 60% and 50% sequentially, But; the noticeable point was that the eggs of third group had been increased in some indexes like average weight and although according to food consumption than the second group was in a same level but in point of quality has caused a statistically significant (P < 0.05). Thus with adding whey to egg mash of laying fowls can compensate some damage in reduction of egg production due to cold stress.

Salmonella is a leading cause of worldwide food borne illness. Isolations ofSalmonella are reported more often from poultry carcass and poultry products.Salmonella contamination in poultry products is primarily due to cross contamination byphysical contact during carcass processing such as improper cleaning and disinfection ofprocessing lines, improper chilling and storage temperature. The presence of Salmonellawas detected in 60 samples of poultry carcasses from retail shops in Sanandaj, iran. Thepresence of Salmonella was assessed by conventional culture method and confirmed byPCR method. PCR amplification of InvA gene as a specific method for detection ofSalmonella was evaluated. In this study Salmonella was isolated from 16.66% of samplesby conventional culture method and confirmed by PCR. This study showed a widespreadprevalence of salmonella in poultry carcasses from local store in Sanandaj, iran

Ligula intestinalis is The agent of ligulosis. It has not exclusive specific host, And It is one of the infective parasites among various species of fish. In this study was investigated theVahdat dam of Kurdistan. This study does during a year by seasonally. Alburnus mossulensis is a native fish. Totally 1200 samples were collected in a year. After identifying, the fish dissected and its pollution were investigated. Results showed that between 1200 fish, 379 fish were infected which It show 32 percent pollution in the Alburnus mossulensis in this water resource. After plerocercoid separated. It stained and ligula confirmed with stereoscope, pollution values in different seasons were: winter 43 percent - spring 25 percent - summer 28 percent and fall 40 percent. The maximum number of plerocercoid is 13 and the abdominal cavity of most fish had 5 to 6 plerocercoid. So the spread of this parasite in different water sources is important as the point of the maintenance of native species and cultivated fish. With regard to the report of this parasite in rainbow trout in soil conservation ponds and trend of soil ponds composition in this region and other water resources country, cutting the life cycle of parasite is very important.