مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 9 (آذر 1392)

One of the most important factors of development of mechanical lumbosacral anomalies and the resulting pain in human beings is mobility and body weight bearing. The purpose of this quasi experimental study was to investigate and compare the impacts of standing on different gradients on sacrum horizontal angle and sacrum gradient in women with hyperlordosis. The subjects were 12 females with hyperlordosis as well as healthy ones who voluntarily participated in the study. In order to measure sacrum gradient and horizontal angle in three gradients of 0˚, +3.7˚, and -3.7˚ lateral spinal radiography technique was used. The analysis of data was done using descriptive statistics and K-S test, ANOVA, and LSD following test at significance level of p≤ 0.05 using SPSS (v.18). Statistical results implied ineffectiveness of the three gradients on different angles of lumbosacral of the control group. Also, in the experimental group, only the -3.7˚ had a significant effect on sacrum horizontal gradient, bearing in mind that, sacrum horizontal gradient is considered the most important indicator of hyperlordosis. We can conclude that in women with hyperlordosis, standing on -3.7˚gradient is effective on lumbosacral hyperlordosis.

Multiple sclerosis disease is one of the most common chronic diseases in central nervous system (CNS). The nature of chronic disease, not having a good prognosis and definite cure are causes of having highest prevalence in various mental disorders like depression and anxiety. The purpose of this part of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on mental health of primary MS patients. This study was conducted on 28 patients who had the lowest level of general health selected by accessible sampling and were divided into two different groups of experimental and control groups. The experimental group attended 10 sessions of cognitive-behavioral group therapy based on Michael Free approach that lasted nearly 75-90 minutes and was held once a week (one session per week) and the control group received no intervention. The measuring instrument was General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) which was performed in two stages (pretest and posttest) and the data were analyzed using Covariate (Ancova) Test. Accordingly covariance analysis emphasized that cognitive-behavioral group therapy enhanced the mental health in posttest of the experimental group (p <0/01). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy improves the mental health in primary patients. Hence this method can be used in hospitals and nursing homes as a complementary treatment.

Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen causing serious infections and treatment of such infections is very difficult. Vancomycin is the last line of treatment for resistant S. aureus. The aim of this study was investigation of epidemiology of vancomycin and oxacillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates in Urmia During a descriptive study isolates from clinical specimens identified as S. aureus were collected. Susceptibility of isolates to vancomycin and oxacillin, were determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method, the sensitivity of isolates to other antibiotics was investigated by disk diffusion method. Most isolates of S. aureus obtained from inpatients (77 isolates), age group 20-29 years (24 isolates), the children (17 isolates) and urine sample (30 isolates). The highest rates of resistance were to penicillin and Co-amoxiclav respectively. The isolates showed most sensitivity to chloramphenicol, amikacin and Nitrofurantoin. 43% of isolates were resistant to oxacillin. Most of oxacillin-resistant isolates were obtained from inpatients. Three isolates from 100 were resistant to vancomycin. All the vancomycin resistant isolates were resistant to oxacillin too, also all the patients who vancomycin resistant isolates were obtained from inpatients. High prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was observed in clinical isolates, also resistant isolates to vancomycin were obtained, so more attention on monitoring of the incidence and prevalence of such infections should be done.

Various treatm ent methods have been introduced based on the etiology of social anxiety disorder and shyness. The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of assertiveness training program on reducing social anxiety disorder symptoms and improving shyness among nurses. In a semi-experimental plan with a pre/post test 60 female nurses were engaged into two groups of experimental and control randomly. Experimental Group experienced a 6-session assertiveness group training while the control group did not receive such training. Social Anxiety and Shyness Stanford Kanvr tests were done before and after training for both groups. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods and techniques, including Statistical methods mean, independent T, Wilks Lambda multivariate analyses were used in order to analyze the data. The results showed that there were significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores between the control and experimental groups. It means that assertiveness training reduces social anxiety and shyness scores in the experimental group than the control group. The present findings indicate that assertiveness group training can reduce symptoms of social anxiety disorder and shyness. Thus the findings can be used for planning to reduce or prevent an increase in social anxiety and improve shyness among the country's nurses.

Prevalence of obesity has increased in the world. Nowadays, it is known that omega3 fatty acids have a key role in control of obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of omega 3 fatty acids supplementation on Anthropometric status and desire to foods in obese adults. This study was a double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. In our study, sixty-six obese adults were randomly allocated in two groups. Subjects consumed omega3 (180 mg EPA and 120mg DHA, intervention group) or placebo soft gels (placebo group) 1000mg twice a day for 4 weeks. Anthropometric measurements and desire to different foods were collected at the beginning and the end of the study. Visual analogue scales were used to assess desire to different foods. The data were analyzed by a Nested-repeated measure ANOVA model. There were significant changes in waist circumference in both groups after supplementation (P < 0. 05). Body weight and desire to different foods remained unchanged between intervention and placebo groups but there was a significant increase in desire to sweet and saline foods within the groups after 4 wk (P < 0.05). Omega3 fatty acids supplementation can decrease waist circumference without weight loss. Therefore, high intakes of omega3 fatty acids via diet or supplements may be helpful for visceral obesity.

Unilateral Labyrinthectomy (UL) causes a syndrome of oculomotor, postural, and autonomic system disorders which diminish over time in a process of behavioral recovery known as vestibular compensation. Many studies have been done on the vestibular compensation after unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) and regeneration of nerve cells, but the mechanism of vestibular compensation and regeneration nerve cells are not well known. The aim of this research was to study the effect of cobra venom on the vestibular compensation and regeneration of nerve cells of vestibular nuclei after damage of vestibular apparatus. The present experimental study was carried out on 20 adult male albino rat’s weight 230±30 gr. At first, the rats were randomly divided into dual groups include; Normal, UL and, UL with NOX. Electrophysiological and histhochemically experiments were carried out on these groups. For electrophysiology assessment of paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of hypothalamus were stimulated bipolar with high frequency stimulus 50 and 100 HZ during one second. The electrical activity of membrane cells of bilateral Dieters’ neurons on the form of titanic potanseation and depression were recorded. The end of electrophysiological experiment the brain stem rats were removed and put into solution of 5% neutral formalin for assessment of ca2 depended acidic phosphates and after 48 hours for assessment of morphology was performed. The increasing of inhibitory and excitatory reactions of Dieters’ neurons at early stage of vestibular compensation following NOX injection reaching the norm at late stage was revealed. In histochemical study after unilateral labyrenthectomy decrease in the activity of ca2-dependent acidic phosphates and chromotholysis, swelling of neurons were observed. The neurons look like degeneration pattern. But in the unilateral labyrinthectomy with NOX group, shape of cells was polygonal and smooth surface with high granulation. The pattern of cells was like norm cells. The cobra venom not only causes acceleration of vestibular compensation, but also causes regeneration of damage side of lateral vestibular nucleus neurons.

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a combination of psychological, physical, and behavioral symptoms which is seen in the late luteal phase of menstrual cycle in women at the age of sexual maturity that disappears within several days upon the start of the menstruation and repeats in many cycles. The purpose of this research was to estimate the prevalence of PMS in medical students and the factors affecting PMS. The research was performed on 142 medical students of Medicine Faculty of Urmia University of Medical Sciences who accepted to take part in the research. The data of the research was compiled using DSM-IV criteria PMS questionnaire and Premsnstrual Syndrom Scale questionnaire. PMS was detected in 39.4% of the students based on DSM-IV and 79.6% based on ICD-10 criteria. Distribution of the severity of symptoms was 60.6% mild, 25.1% medium, and 14.2% sever. The most frequent symptoms are mainly mood change, decreased tendency to life, depressed mood and early tiredness. PMS was found significantly high in those students who have positive history of PMS in their first degree relatives and who have used drugs to relieve PMS symptoms (p < 0.05). PMS rate is relatively high in college students. This high prevalence provides a strong rationale for enhanced recognition and treatment of the disorder

The psychological issues can contribute to improving the health of patients with asthma. This study investigated the role of psychological factors (including anxiety sensitivity, positive and negative affectivity, alexithymia and its components and mental health) in predicting the risk of asthma. The study population consisted of 78 asthma patients and 74 healthy ones. All patients were diagnosed by an allergy and asthma specialist. Psychological variables were evaluated by the ASI, TAS-20, PANAS, and SCL-25 The results showed that 26% of variance of dependent variable (groups) is explained by our predictor variables. The classification results showed that the discriminate function classified 73% of subject correctly. Stepwise analysis showed that anxiety sensitivity and positive affectivity contributed most to discrimination of groups. The results showed that the impacts of psychological factors are important in predicting asthma. It is essential to care for such psychological issues in prevention and treatment of asthma.

The psychological issues can contribute to improving the health of patients with asthma. This study investigated the role of psychological factors (including anxiety sensitivity, positive and negative affectivity, alexithymia and its components and mental health) in predicting the risk of asthma. The study population consisted of 78 asthma patients and 74 healthy ones. All patients were diagnosed by an allergy and asthma specialist. Psychological variables were evaluated by the ASI, TAS-20, PANAS, and SCL-25 The results showed that 26% of variance of dependent variable (groups) is explained by our predictor variables. The classification results showed that the discriminate function classified 73% of subject correctly. Stepwise analysis showed that anxiety sensitivity and positive affectivity contributed most to discrimination of groups. The results showed that the impacts of psychological factors are important in predicting asthma. It is essential to care for such psychological issues in prevention and treatment of asthma.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the group mindfulness training on the reduction of depression, hostility, and anxiety in men with coronary heart disease. This quasi experimental study was conducted on 22 men suffering from coronary heart disease who were selected by consecutive sampling from Rasht Heshmat clinic. The population was randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group (11 participants in each group). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Hostility items in The Symptom Checklist-90- revised (SCL-90-R) were performed as pre tests for each group. After 8 sessions of training Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (4 weeks, each week 2 sessions for 2 hours) for experimental group, in order to measure the dependent variables of depression, hostility, state and trait anxiety. The above tools were repeated as post tests for both groups. The results of analysis of covariance indicated that there were significant differences in depression, hostility and state-trait anxiety post-test scores between the experimental and control groups in depression, hostility and state-trait anxiety post test scores (p<0.0001). Accordingly, it seems group mindfulness training has a remarkable effect on reduction of depression, hostility, and anxiety in men with coronary heart disease.

Caroli’s disease is a rare congenital disorder characterized by multiple segmental cystic dilatations of the intra-hepatic bile ducts that are related to each other. Caroli’s syndrome is more common and associated with hepatic fibrosis and renal cystic disease. This paper introduces a three year old boy with Caroli’s disease and medullary nephrocalcinosis presented with fever, abdominal pain, and anorexia.