مجله پزشکی قانونی
سال دهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 35، پاییز 1383)

Drug and chemical poisoning is a worldwide problem and mulliple studies have revealed high prevalence of poisoning in Iran. Today, drugs and chemical agents, and poisons are easily available. Drugs are more commonly used for poisoning in Iran and to world. In this study we evaluated epidemiologic status of poisoning with chemical agents and drugs in Taleghani Hospital of Urmia. For this descriptive study, we have studied 2605 patients poisonned with drugs and chemical agents hospitalized in Taleghani Hospital from 2001 to 2004. A questionnaire was completed and then SPSS software was used for data analysis. A majority of patients aged 15–19 years (30.6 %). The study population included 54.9 % female and 45.1 % male. Patients have used the following sustances for poisoning: Drugs (65.9 %), Insecticides (23.3 %), Opioid (5.4 %), Erosive substance (2.8 %), hydrocarbons (1.5 %) and finally Alcohol (1.1 %). Of hospitalized patients, 10.2 % required intensive care. This study shows poisoning in females is more common than in males and most patients aged 15-19 years. Informing general pratitiouners and nursing staff about proper approach and management in poisoning counters will significantly decrease the rate of mortality among them poisoning and true refers to poisons center, decreased of mortality.

Road accidents are the major cause of death in our country and motor cycle riders are a major portion of this group. According to 2003 statistics in comparison to 2001 there is a dramatic (noticeable) increase of 82% death among motor cyclists. Thus we decided to study the injury patterns of the motor cyclist s corpus in Sari. This study is a prospective, cross- sectional, and done in Sari Legal Medicine center in 2003. The information pertaining to 89 motor cycle- related cases contained medical examination, hospital and demographic information gathered and analyzed by SPSS 11 software. From among 89 cases of motor cycle related death in 2003, most victims were male (93.3 %), driver (84.2 %) and average age was 28.1 years. Most of the accidents occurred during summer vacation and night. The most common injury to motor cyclists was head, extremities and trunk in decreasing frequency. Head trauma is leading cause of injury and death in motor cycle accident. Use of helmet in motorcyclist and preventive measure is necessary to decrease in mortality of this group. In addition it seems that the time of death of the cyclists follows certain time interval that could be reduced by preventive measurements.

Supraspinal opioid analgesia is mediated in part by connections between the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). Morphine analgesia from the PAG is decreased by serotonin, Nmethyl- D-aspartate (NMDA) and opioid receptor antagonists administrated into the RVM. Since in the RVM, the brain isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is also prominent this study was designed to evaluate the effects of non-selective NOS inhibitor (L-NAME) and noncompetitive NMDA antagonist (MK-801) microinjected into the RVM on PAG morphine (2.5 μg) analgesia and their potential interactions as measured by the tail-flick test. Rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and then special cannulae were stereotaxically inserted into the RVM and PAG. After one week recovery, the effects of noncompetitive NMDA antagonist (MK-801) and nonselective NOS inhibitor (L-NAME) microinjection into the RVM and their interactions with each other to alter PAG morphine (2.5 μg) analgesia elicited from the PAG was measured by the tail-flick test. Mesencephalic morphine analgesia was significantly reduced after pretreatment in the RVM with L-NAME (0.6-1.3 μmol) or MK-801 (0.8 nmol). Reduction in mesencephalic morphine analgesia when MK-801 (0.8 nmol) and L-NAME (1 μmol) was sequentially microinjected into the RVM was not different from the effect of MK-801 (0.8 nmol) or L-NAME (1 μmol) when administered individually. These data implicate that NMDA receptors and nitric oxide (NO) production in the RVM modulate the transmission of opioid pain-inhibitory signals from the PAG.

Monoxide Carbon (CO) is a colorless, odorless and toxic gas that is produced by incomplete combustion. Every year, it kills thousands of people across the world. The aim of this research is studying the reasons caused poisoning to CO gas across Iran. Data of 156 people whose their cause of death was poisoning to CO gas in 23 provinces of Iran in winter 2003 were collected through the forms previously prepared by department of statistics in Iranian legal medicine organization. The information obtained from 156 deceased showed that 68.6% was men and 31.4% women. 23.9% of deceased people was housewife, 16.7% worker, 15.2% driver or co-driver and 10.9% unemployed. 3/4 of people was poisoned at home which most of them were in bath)42.7%) and bedroom(55.1%). 34% was poisoned by gas heater, 21.2% by picnic gas and 11.5% by home water heater. 21.2% reason for poisoning to CO gas was using picnic gas in a closed area, 18.6% lacking chimney of gas burning heaters and 14.1% smoke of vehicles or materials (automobile or charcoal) in a closed area. To increase level of knowledge of people from the ways that may cause poisoning to CO gas, Non-use of picnic gas in closed area, Non-use of gas burning instruments specially home water heater in bath,paying attention to installation of chimney for gas burning instruments and….shall decrease poisoning to CO gas.

Adolescence is an interval of childhood and adulthood. This stage is very sensitive and affects in ones future personality and configuration either negatively or positively. Its speed and length of time from beginning of negative and maladjusted behavior in adolescence which can be along with delinquency and such behaviors is diagnosis as a delinquent and anti law perhaps it can be received with different psychiatric diagnosis. The aim of this study is determining prevalence types of psychiatric disorders in (B.A.T.C.A.C.). till with cognition different dimensions of delinquency in initial prevention and treatment in time what ever more it takes action of severity and continuously of psychiatric disorder with demonstration of delinquent behaviors.

Study on 100 cases of adolescence who are resident of (B.A.T.C.A.C) with help of Scl–90-R test and clinical interview on basis of DSM IV diagnostic criteria s is well done.

On the basis of Scl-90-R test and clinical interview with utilize of DSM IV diagnostic criteria’ s in order 84% and 73% of examining, in cases, different problem and psychiatric disorder. Was found.

Refer to obtained results from this study and same studies make a plan and performance of a group programs contain of psychiatric, psychologist, social worker, judges, lawyers and ….. are necessary for differentiate and diagnosis of real delinquent behaviors from those with problem and psychiatric disorder who are arrested, court meeting and in (B.A.T.C.A.C). It an be scientific and comprehensive incident for getting decision and making new laws.

However, there are some evidence regarding the association between dermatoglyphics and intellectual functioning, few studies have been done in this field yet. The present study involves the evaluation of dermatoglyphic patterns of fingers in 342 adolescents (group 1; 144 talents, group 2; 1 normal adolescents and group 3; 96 learning disabled patients) from Shahrekord in Iran, in order to examine this hypothesis. The most frequent dermatoglyphic pattern was whorl on following fingers: right digit I, right digit II, right digit IV, left digit II in 3 groups, left digit IV in group 2 & 3, left digit I of group 2 and ulnar loop on other fingers. An excess of whorl were seen on right digit I of normal adolescents than talents and on left digit V of the learning disabled than talents. There was also an excess of ulnar loop on right digit II of the learning disabled than normal adolescents and on right digit II of talents than normal adolescents and on left digit V of the learning disabled than talents. An excess of radial loop was also seen on right digit II of talents than the learning disabled. Our results support a relation ship between some dermatoglyphic patterns seen on right digit II and left digit V with intellectual functioning. For more powerful evidence, further researches, especially using various quantitative dermatoglyphic indices–and in particular digit II- in a larger sample size, are recommended.

Scene investigation is principal measure in forensic medicine. Study of body position in scene and situation of environment, collection of any stain spot, measuring of temprature, moisture, time, … can be helped to express about cause of death. Sixty years old woman be died after self – burning, on the basis of police report. Observed forensic examiner was one room 3 * 4m, without any carpet and witlhout soot or smut on the wall and roof. The body was carbonized at poligistic attitude with rupture of abdomen and visceral expose. Main task of forensic pathologist is determine of cause of death but expressing about manner of death too Important.Crime scene is not always place of body detection rather probabilily of crime appearing on the one place and transmission of body to anothers site. On the basis of information and after autopsy and judicial investigation, diagnosis of burning after murder of woman is confirmed.

Sexual disorders affect a family’s objectives, hence Islamic jurisprudence and Iranian laws, like other legal systems have developed regulations in this regard. Some sexual disorders give the right of dissolving the contract of marriage to the other party and some others create the right to ask for divorce. Legal effects of dissolution and divorce are different as well as the ways to use these rights. The legal basis of regulations concerning sexual problems in Iran’s civil law are Islamic ideas and comments by religious scholars and this is also the basis for review of its effects on legal relations between couples. Arabic countries’ related laws have had also an eye on jurisprudential basic ideas. Althought divorce is prohibited in christianity, christian countries’ legislatures have agreed with it in cases concerning acute sexual disorders and problems.