مجله ترویج علم
سال چهارم شماره 4 (بهار و تابستان 1392)

The main criterion of the scientific status of the countries is the rate of participation inthe creation of knowledge, innovation and scientific development globally. Therefore,to achieve scientific and sustainable development, capacity building and scientificcooperation in the production and promotion of participation and knowledge sharingis necessary and essential.To accomplish this goal, the development of human resources and intellectual capitalrather that the knowledge of the original manufacturers and establish appropriatemechanisms to share and promote their use by others is necessary. The purpose ofthis paper is addressing the importance of sharing knowledge and factors affectingit. so, This study will answer these questions like, what is knowledge sharing? Whatis Its important and necessary? What are the factors influencing knowledge sharing?Research methodology is descriptive. It can be predicted that factors that influenceknowledge sharing in organizations, will effective at the macro and national level.But, the approval of each of these factors requires further investigation.

EIA can be used as a tool for managers in planning for sustainable development.This article illustrates it may promote sustainable development by increasing in civileducation. EIA could increase knowledge of people about the environment anddevelopment activities, could raise their sensitivity to changes in their environment,and afford Facilities to participate in the selection of regional development and localarea, and in another approach, it ultimate to exalting in public civic literacy. Sustainabledevelopment is the process of change in the ways of how to use resources, directinvestments, orient technological development in compatible with present and futureneeds. Achieving this form of development will require corporation and consultation of human beings and citizens with each other and with the government. So, EIA isconsidered as a tool for sustainable development and increasing civic literacy. Giventhat civic literacy is closely related to the promotion of science, a theoretical argumentfor this paper is to promote and disseminate knowledge about it.

The main criterion of the scientific status of the countries is the rate of participation inthe creation of knowledge, innovation and scientific development globally. Therefore,to achieve scientific and sustainable development, capacity building and scientificcooperation in the production and promotion of participation and knowledge sharingis necessary and essential.To accomplish this goal, the development of human resources and intellectual capitalrather that the knowledge of the original manufacturers and establish appropriatemechanisms to share and promote their use by others is necessary. The purpose ofthis paper is addressing the importance of sharing knowledge and factors affectingit. so, This study will answer these questions like, what is knowledge sharing? Whatis Its important and necessary? What are the factors influencing knowledge sharing?Research methodology is descriptive. It can be predicted that factors that influenceknowledge sharing in organizations, will effective at the macro and national level.But, the approval of each of these factors requires further investigation.

With the pluralistic perspective in this era, it seems more useful to focus on spiritualtraining rather than religious training, because if we see the spirituality as the commonessence among religions, a common point of view is caught from the differentapproaches. In addition, international attention to the science of Spirituality in childrenand adolescents, as a factor that plays an important role in human development, isgrowing. It is necessary for this science topic to investigate the entrance of spiritualityin the personal identity. This opportunity is one to take a look on Western psychologicaltheories about spiritual identity. In this paper we address the need for spiritual identity,causes for its explanation complexity, definitions, relationship between spiritualityand religion, individual or social spiritual identity, and finally factors related tospiritual identity.

Conception of «Technology & science Diplomacy» is a new notion which has becamepropounded in foreign policy in last decades. Technology & science Diplomacy as one of diplomacy›s areas setup suitable situationfor dialogue among governments. Policy-makers and decision –makers to achieve their objectives use various toolsincluding technology & science Diplomacy. This paper seeks to determine and settlethe nature of technology & science Diplomacy. Management of relationships between countries and international actors is consideredas fundamental apostleship of technology & science diplomacy, which from thispoint; governments could manage, coordinate and protect their national interests byformal and informal interactions. Without any doubt technology and science diplomacy has a significant role inconfidence-building, making-relationship and sharing- scientific information amongnations.

In this paper, we make an attempt to clarify the nature of futures studies with thedistinction between descriptive science and design science. Instead of the dichotomybetween basic and applied research, this distinction seems to be helpful in the task ofunderstanding the nature of many new “practical” and “professional” disciplines. Italso serves to clarify the question raised in my title: the opposition between “science”and “art” is not here the one between natural science and the humanities, but rather theLatin distinction between scientia (as a form of knowledge) and ars (as a form of skill).As ars is a translation of the Greek term techne, the question can be reformulated asthe query whether futures studies is a science or a form of social technology.

This article is inspired by the successes of Iran's national sports teams in internationalsports events.The content of this article is a comparison between championship in sportsand advanced sciences at the university and international research level (orchampionship in sciences, in terminology of this article) in terms of their commonrequirements for having access to international knowledge and experiences. Also themethods they each use to accomplish their desired championships are discussed.