نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال هجدهم شماره 8 (پیاپی 80، آذر1392)

Vitrification is a simple and ultra rapid technique for the conservation of fertility. Improving pregnancy rate associate with the use of cryopreserved oocytes would be an important advanced in human assisted reproductive technology (ART). The purpose of this study was to evaluate viability oocytes, In vitro maturation and embryo development vitrified germinal vesicle oocytes after single and stepwise exposure to cryoprotectants. In this experimental study, germinal vesicle oocytes with or without cumulus cells were transferred to vitrification solution which was composed of 30% (v/v) ethylene glycol, 18% (w/v) Ficoll-70, and 0.3 M sucrose, either by single step or in a step-wise way. After vitrification and storage in liquid nitrogen, the oocytes were thawed and washed two times in medium TCM119 and then subjected to in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture. Data analysis was performed by one-way variance and Tukey tests. The oocytes survival rates after vitrifying-warming, maturation rate, the capacity of fertilization and embryonic development to Blastocyst were examined in vitro. The oocytes surviving, maturition and embryo developmental rate in the step-wise exposure were significantly higher (P<0/05) compared with corresponding rate in the single step procedure. The results of present study indicated that oocytes vitrified with cumulus cells and stepwise procedure had positive effect on survival, maturation and developmental rate to blastocyst than oocytes without cumulus cell and single step procedure.

Side effects of chemical drugs led to a growing interest to use natural antibacterial compounds like extracts of herbs. The aim of this study, evaluation of phytochemical constituents and the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the root and aerial parts of Scrophularia striata against the bacteria of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. In this study, anti-microbial effects of sequential extracts from root and methanolic extract of aerial part, minimal inhibitory concentrations of bacteria and minimal bactericidal concentrations of bacteria were determined against the bacteria of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus by using the disk diffusion and dilution method. DMSO was used as a negative control whereas nalidixic acid and ampicillin were used as a positive control. Collected data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. The results showed that the root and aerial parts of Scrophularia striata contain flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins and terpenoids. The ethylacetate and chloroform extracts of root showed no inhibition zone of the bacterial growth. Whereas, the methanolic extract of root was the most effective one against Bacillus cereus with the inhibition zone of the bacterial growth 21 mm, MIC 60 mg/ml and MBC 70 mg/ml. The methanolic extract of aerial part has the least effect on Escherichia coli. The present study showed that the methanolic extract of root and aerial parts of Scrophularia striata has antibacterial effect especially against Bacillus cereus. Therefore, more studies are needed for identification of various compounds and attainment of new formulation of these components in this plant. Key words:

Epilepsy always noticed as a most important nerves disease. Notwithstanding using various drugs, still there are many patients resister to this drugs also all of these drugs have harmful effects. In traditional medicine, Ocimum basilicum used to treatment seizure and effects of anticonvulsant of this drug is reported. In this experimental research, 48 mature female mice were divided into 6 groups. Hydro alcoholic extract of basil after preparation was diluted with saline. Experimental groups included control, placebo and four treatments with doses of 100, 250, 300 and 350 mg/kg extract was injected intraperitoneally 65 min before PTZ received and factors for seizure symptoms and signs were assessed.The results using the Tukey test, ANOVA and Duncan analysis was performed in SPSS 11.5 software. Group of 100 mg/kg treated showed the highest seizure. Two groups of 100 and 250 mg/kg compared with the other groups had the highest and lowest incidence of myoclonic contractions respectively. Group treated with 250 mg/kg 65 min before PTZ injection in factors, the number of seizures and the mortality rate were significantly increased, reduced respectively (p<0.05). The results can be obtained at a dose of hydro alcoholic 250 mg/kg effective as medication in preventing seizures in animal models introduced.

High rate of perinatal mortality in relation to birth weight and problems related to it.The estimation of fetal weight in the management of labor and delivery is very important.This study attempts to estimate fetal weight and birth weight were compared. This descriptive-analytical Imam Khomeini's Iran on 600 women with singleton pregnancy among women who delivered referrals for prenatal care during the 72 hours before delivery in the years 2011 to 2012 was performed. Patient information, including gestational age, history of previous weight, estimated before baby was born into a questionnaire. Postpartum neonatal weight was recorded. Otherwise excluded were patients within 72 hours of delivery. In statistical analysis, the Pearson correlation between estimate weight and weight at birth, 0.878 (P=0.0001), at a weight below 2500 g, 0.888 (P=0.0001), group weighing between 2500 to 4000 g, 0.816 (P=0.0001) and group weighing more than 4000 g, 0.399 (P=0.253) was calculated. Therefore, the measurement of estimate fetal weight with weight at birth in all patients, 87.8%, and the SGA fetuse, 88.8%, and the AGA fetuse, 81.6% and LGA fetuse, 39.9%, respectively. Mean absolute difference between the estimated weights with birth weight 174.96 g, was calculated. In SGA group, mean difference of birth weight and estimate fetal weight in a total of 26 infants, was 172.88 grams, In total 564 infants weighing between 2500-4000g was 175.29 g, in 10 infants weighing over 4000 g was 213.46 grams. the accuracy of ultrasound estimations of fetal weight within 72 hours of delivery in this study for fetus weight under 4000 grams is acceptable.In this study, ultrasound credited within 72 hours before delivery for fetal weight and fetal weight below 4000 grams acceptable than 4000 grams is relatively weak.

The pistacia vera contains the chemical compounds such as saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids inhibit 5-α- reductase enzyme and unsaturated fatty acids cause increasing cholesterol level in body. The present study was carried out with the aim of determining the effect of pistacia vera on reproductive status in adult male rats. In this experimental research 40 male rat wistar strain were divided into 5 groups of eight, including the control group that received water and food, the sham group received an equal of distilled water as a solvent and the experimental groups received 1, 2 and 4 cc/kg bw pistacia vera oil for 28 days orally. At the end of the 28th day, the blood samples were taken, the testes were separated and histological changes. The results were analyzed by Excel, one- way analysis variance and t- test method. The results of hormone measurements showed that the pistacia vera oil with 2 and 4 cc/kg bw increased testosterone level in comparison with the control and sham groups. Histological examination showed that sperm condens in the seminiferous tubules of the testis in experimental groups was increased. the pistacia vera oil has probably caused increasing testosterone level and tubular sperm condense via inhibiting 5- α- reductase and increasing 17 – β – hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase enzyme biosynthesize that which might be because of the myristic and palmitic acid content of the pistacia vera oil.

High rate of perinatal mortality in relation to birth weight and problems related to it.The estimation of fetal weight in the management of labor and delivery is very important.This study attempts to estimate fetal weight and birth weight were compared. This descriptive-analytical Imam Khomeini's Iran on 600 women with singleton pregnancy among women who delivered referrals for prenatal care during the 72 hours before delivery in the years 2011 to 2012 was performed. Patient information, including gestational age, history of previous weight, estimated before baby was born into a questionnaire. Postpartum neonatal weight was recorded. Otherwise excluded were patients within 72 hours of delivery. In statistical analysis, the Pearson correlation between estimate weight and weight at birth, 0.878 (P=0.0001), at a weight below 2500 g, 0.888 (P=0.0001), group weighing between 2500 to 4000 g, 0.816 (P=0.0001) and group weighing more than 4000 g, 0.399 (P=0.253) was calculated. Therefore, the measurement of estimate fetal weight with weight at birth in all patients, 87.8%, and the SGA fetuse, 88.8%, and the AGA fetuse, 81.6% and LGA fetuse, 39.9%, respectively. Mean absolute difference between the estimated weights with birth weight 174.96 g, was calculated. In SGA group, mean difference of birth weight and estimate fetal weight in a total of 26 infants, was 172.88 grams, In total 564 infants weighing between 2500-4000g was 175.29 g, in 10 infants weighing over 4000 g was 213.46 grams. the accuracy of ultrasound estimations of fetal weight within 72 hours of delivery in this study for fetus weight under 4000 grams is acceptable.In this study, ultrasound credited within 72 hours before delivery for fetal weight and fetal weight below 4000 grams acceptable than 4000 grams is relatively weak. Keywords:

Taking of snacks during the day can lead to the distribution of energy and improve the health status of students. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of breakfast consumption among high school students in district 8 of Tehran. This cross-sectional study with analytical descriptive aspects was performed on 300 high school students in district 8 of Tehran during 2010-2011 years. Sampling was done as a cluster random method. Data were collected by a researcher made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman, Pearson and ANOVA. The mean age of participants was 16.2±0.9. 64.6% of students took snacks everyday and 10.1% of them didn’t eat any snack at school. Most students (14.8%) ate sandwich prepared by buffet of the school as snack every day. tea (12.4%), fruits (12%), cheese bread (10%) and Sandwiches made at home (7.9%) had placed after that. Results showed that among foods as a snack, consumption of sandwich from buffet was negatively associated with GPA last semester. Also, consumption of blowgun and cakes was increased in children with increasing of father’s education. Despite the eating of snacks is reached to the desired level in term of quantity in students at hours of school attendance, but still need to pay more attention to quality and usefulness of food.

one of indications of central venous catheter (CVC) insertion is monitoring of fluid therapy but its placement could be associated with complications such as tamponade, wire embolism, vascular injury (Hemothorax, Hydrothorax, carotid or subclavian artery insertion), pneumothorax, air embolism and so on. After placement of CVC, must be obtain chest radiography for detection of appropriate site of catheter and to exclude complications. We present this case to emphasize the need to have high susceptibility in recognizing central venous catheter associated complications and the importance of radiography in this field. a 77 year-old woman, a case of chronic lymphoblastic leukemia who used warfarin due to deep vein thrombosis, scheduled for emergency operation due to peritonitis. After placement of CVC, received fresh frozen plasma, and transferred to operating room once during operation and again, early upon arrival to Intensive Care Unit developed ventricular tachycardia. Chest x-ray showed massive unilateral hydrothorax. CVC insertion complication can be diagnosed with chest radiography and immediate diagnosis and suitable treatment of these complications are life saving.