نشریه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند
سال بیستم شماره 3 (پیاپی 56، پاییز 1392)

Tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy are the most common ENT surgeries. Because there are not sufficient investigations about antibiotic therapy، and، also، due to. some disagreement over post-surgery use of antibiotics، the present study was designed to find out the efficacy of antibiotic therapy on consequent complications of tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy. This randomized، clinical trial (RCT) study was carried out on 138 candidates for tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups; the firstgroup، i. e. the cases، received antibiotics and the. Control group received no antibiotics. Both groups were compared regarding variables such as fever، mean number of the white blood cells، severity of pain and” nausea and vomiting” after operation، vocalization، mean lapse in drinking time، extent of bleeding during and after operation، pus secretion، regenerating of injury after the two types of surgery. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software (version 13). using chi square، T-test، Fisher and Man-Withny tests at the significant level α<0. 05. It was found that 49. 3% of the cases and 40. 6% of the controls were males and the rest females. Mean and standard deviation of the age was 12. 2±8. 3 and 11. 5±5. 9 in case and control groups، respectively. Mean and standard deviation of severity of the pain and “nausea and vomiting” were 2. 72±0. 95 and 16. 4±0. 94، and 2. 54±0. 83 and 16. 3±1. 4 in the cases and controls 24 hours after surgery was 12923±3544 and 14223±3591، respectively. Only، mean number of the white blood cells difference was significantly higher in the control group (14223±3591 vs، 12923±3544، P=0. 03). Administering antibiotics to tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy patients has no effect on complications consequent to these surgeries.

Hexavalent chromium is a metal، which causes harmful effects in surface and ground water، Its removal from contaminated water and waste water has received a great deal of interest in recent years. Thus، theaim of the presentstudy was a comparative analysis of the application of green almond hull and its resultant ash inremovingchromium from aqueous solutions. In this experimental study، the effects of variables such as pH of adsorbent dose، initial chromium concentration، contact time، temperature، and adsorbent characteristics of almond hull and its resultant ash on removing of chromium from aqueous solutions were investigated. Experiments were intermittently performed in batch reactor on Shaker. Finally، in order to assess the obtained samples colorimetricmethod using UV/V Spectrophotometer T80+ set، at a wavelength of 540، was applied. The most efficient removal of hexavalent chromium occurred when pH was 2. Furthermore، it was found that removal percentage increased parallel to contact time and temperature. But، when the bioabsorbent and the resultant ash were used، a decrease in the initial hexavalent chromium density from 100 to 10mg/lit led to a decrease in the removal percentage from 99/66% to 61/19% and 78/93% to 37/01%، respectively. It was found that by increasing the absorbent dose (i. e. the bioabsorbent) the removing percentage tended to its extreme level (100%). However، when the absorbent ash was used، removing percentage increased at first، but then it decreased. Both almond green hull and its resultant ash are agents which cause effective removing of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions.

Humoral immune system is affected by the intensity، duration، and type of exercise. Therefore، the aim of the present study was to examine the influence of a 90 - minute intermittent exercise on the immune response of young soccer players. Twenty four trained young soccer players were selected and randomly divided into two equal experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in a soccer specific protocol. Blood samples of the subjects were taken in two non-consecutive times (i. e. before and 1 hour after exercise) and they were analyzed to determine their immune parameters (Leukocyte، Neutrophiles، IgM، IgG، IgA and serum Complement C3 and C4). The obtained data was analyzed by means of Minitab software (V: 14). Dependant t statistical test was used to compare the mean range of the parameters before and after the experiment in each group. Besides، Independent t test was applied for the same comparison between the twos groups. It was found that a 90 - minute intermittent exercise session significantly increased the number of leukocytes (P=0. 001)، neutrophiles (P=0. 001) and decreased serum IgG (P=0. 001) and IgA (P=0. 01) in the young soccer players. However، there was no significant difference in serum IgM and C3، C4 Complement components. In general، it seems that performing a 90- minute intermittent exercise session by young soccer players can cause stress and act as a suppressive factor against immunoglobulin G and A. Hence، it is likely that repeating such an exercise makes young soccer players prone to upper respiratory tract infection، resulting in the reduction of the two major immunoglobulins.

Diabetes is one of the diseases resulting from defects in insulin secretion or action. Pomegranate juice is a nutrient used in the treatment of some diseases in traditional medicine. Thus، thepresent study investigated the effects of pomegranate juice on blood glucose and insulin levels in adult malerats. The present study was an empirical one in which 90 adult male Wistar rats،weighing 200 to 220 g each، were randomly divided into five groups of control، sham، experimental (diabeticand non –diabetic) 1، 2 and 3. The control group (n=9) and the sham (n=9) received only distilled water، butthe diabetic and non-diabetic groups 1، 2 and 3 received 1، 2 and 4cc of pomegranate juice for 21daysthrough gavage. As for diabetic rats، diabetes was induced through intraperitioneal injection of 60 mg/kg ofstreptozotocin into each. In the experimental groups، the animals were each treated to a singl dose ofpomegranate juice every day for 21days. At the end of the 21st day، blood samples were taken from theexperimental and control groups and their serum levels of insulin and glucose were measured. The obtaineddata was analysed by means of SPSS (v: 18) using ANOVA and LSD softwares. It was found that minimum، average or maximum dose of pomegranate juice caused a significantreduction in their glycemia at the levels of P=0. 05، P=0. 005 and P=0. 0005، respectively; but it increasedinsulin at the levels P=0. 023، P=0. 015، and P=0. 002، respectively in the diabetic group compared to thecontrol group. However، it had no significant effect on the non-diabetic rats. Pomegranate، due to having antioxidant compounds such as polyphenolic compounds، increasesinsulin and thus، decreases blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic group.

Some physiological and psychological variables have a circadian rhythm or cyclical changes and many physiological responses to exercise، e. g. cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are somehow affected by their time of the day. Thus،. the present study aimed at finding out the effect of the time of the day on plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profile after one session of exhaustive exercise in apparently healthy young women in Birjand in 2011. The present study was a quasi-experimental pre/post one. Forty-four active women (mean. age 21. 59±1. 24 yrs.; mean BMI 21. 11±2. 74kg/m2) were divided into 2 experimental and 2 control groups. The experimental groups performed the Bruce treadmill maximal protocol after 1 hours fasting at 8 a. m. and at 6 p. m. Then، blood samples of all participants were derived from the antecubital vein of each before and immediately after the test. Finally، the obtained data was analyzed using the two-way ANOVA test. A significant decrease in CRP levels was observed in the evening post exercise period compared with the pre-test (p=0. 008)، while CRP levels after the morning exercise had no significant change compared with the pre-test. Plasma triglyceride (TG) level significantly increased after both of morning and evening exercises (p=0. 002). But، no significant changes in TG، HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were found after morning and evening exercises. Taking CRP response into account، it seems that high intensity exercise in the evening is better and safer than the same exercise in the morning.

Intellectually disabled children have problems in development and motor skills. Thus، the purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of Spark Motor Program on improving of gross motor skills in intellectually disabled educable boys. In this semi-experimental study، out of 98 intellectually disabled educable male students studying in schools for the irregular in Urmia، 20 (mean age 9-13 yrs) were selected and divided into two equal experimental and control groups) based on pre-test. Spark Motor Program، which includes strengthening training، games، and sports، was performed for 24 sessions. Besides، BOTMP was used as a means of data collection. Finally، T-tests (dependent and independent) were applied as means of comparison. Spark Program caused significant changes in all the variables of the study، except speed and agility، in the experimental group after 24 sessions. The changes included: agility and speed (P 0. 731)، balance (P=0)، strength (P=0. 002)، and bilateral coordination (P=0). Spark Motor Program can improve gross motor skills in intellectually disabled educable students.

Fingerprint (dermatoglyphic patterns) is one of the oldest، best، cheapest، and most reliable proofs of identification. The present study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between dermatoglyphic patterns and some skin diseases; namely atopic eczema، vitiligo، and acne vulgaris. In this case–control study، qualitative and quantitive dermatoglyphic patterns (i. e. the finger and palm prints) of 180 patients consisting of three equal groups having eczema، vitiligo، or acne vulgaris; respectively and 60 healthy people (the control group) referred to the skin clinic of Vali-e-asr hospital، who had been matched regarding. sex and age.، were compared and assessed. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software (version 17)، and P<0. 05 was taken as the significant level. It was revealed that in both hands a-b ridge counting in the cases and the control group was not statistically significant. However، frequency distribution of the print of the left hand middle finger in the acne group or in the controls was not significantly different either. But differences between the print of the middle finger in the right hand in all the four groups and the controls was significantly different (P<0. 05). The results indicate that frequencies of various dermatoglyphic patterns differ in atopic eczema، acne vulgaris and vitiligo from that of normal population. Perhaps this difference can be used as a diagnostic biological marker to screen for those susceptible to these dermatoses.

Maternal- fetal attachment (MFA) plays an important role in the health of pregnant women and their unborn babies. The purpose of the present study was to compare MFA in pregnant women regarding specific factors influencing maternal– fetal attachment. This cross sectional study was conducted on 241 pregnant women in 2012. The necessary data was collected using “personal demographics”، “social support”، and “maternal fetal attachment” scales. Spearman correlation coefficient، t-test for independent groups، ANOVA، and Tukey test were applied for data analyses. It was found that mean age of pregnant women was 26. 96±5. 2 years، their gestational age was 30. 01±6. 3 weeks، and. MFA was 3. 77±0. 38. There was a significant relationship between MFA and mother’s education level and occupation، those of the husband and marital satisfaction; and social support (P<0. 05). There was not any significant relationship between MFA and maternal age، wanted or unwanted pregnancy، pregnancy age، abortion and stillbirth history، pregnancy risk status، housing status، and income sufficiency. Some of demographic and prenatal variables influence MFA. Prenatal midwives can have an important role in promoting such attachment behaviors.

Growing clinical evidence suggests that inflammation is the hallmark of the initiation، progression and extent of occlusion by atherosclerosis plaques، but biochemical data are still controversial. The aim of the present cross-sectional investigation was to evaluate the relationship between the severity of coronary artery occlusion (CAO)، serum amyloid A (SAA)، and interleukin - (IL-6) The subjects assessed were165 having stable coronary artery disease، but without left main artery lesion. Angiographic examination revealed that 37 subjects had minimal CAO (control group)، 41 one CAO، 41 two CAO، and 47 three CAO. The Subjects’ SAA and IL-6 were assessed by means of ELISA. The level of fibrinogen was estimated using coaglumetry. The obtained data was analysed by means of SPSS (v: 13). Fibrinogen concentrations were significantly higher in subjects with 1، or 3 CAO compared to the controls. SAA levels in the subjects were higher than those in the controls، but the differences were not statistically significant. On the other hand، IL6- concentrations in patients with a varying degree of CAO were similar but slightly lower than those in the controls. Significant correlations were distinguished between SAA، IL-6، and fibrinogen in the patients as a whole (p=0. 05). Fibrinogen levels in the patients were significantly correlated with HDL and LDL. It was found that fibrinogen estimation is. superior to IL-6 and SAA in examining the interrelationship between inflammation and progression of CAO.

Today، one of the mostly used medicines to treat opioid abuse is methadone maintenance treatment. Some studies have reported that this treatment has cognitive side-effects. But، it is important to study the extent of the negative effects of methadone، compared to opium and Norjizak in normal individuals. The reason why there two narcotic drugs were chosen was the high prevalence of taking them in the community in terms of their unknown neuropsychological effects. The present research was a descriptive - analytical investigation. The sample of the study consisted of 119 men (32 methadone، 30 norjizak، 27 opium abusers and 30 individuals as the control group) who were all selected through access method. Tools used for data collection were: Rey’s auditory verbal learning test، Trail making test،and Stroop colors-word test. The obtained data was analysed by means of SPSS software (V: 13) using one-way variance analysis and Tukey at the significant level α=0. 05. Our study showed that there was a significant difference between the groups in short term memory (F=2. 87، P=0. 01)، learning ability (F=5. 09، P=0. 002)، delayed memory (F=4. 26، P 0. 007)، and trial making test (F=3. 68، P=0. 01). The test following revealed that Norjizak -dependent subjects performed significantly worse than others with respect to short-term memory (P=0. 03)، learning ability (P 0. 003)، recognition (P=0. 01)، and trial making tests (P=0. 02). The current study confirmed that opium and Norjizak abusing had destructive effects; mainly in the functions of specific brain regions supporting memory، learning، and executive functions. However، methadone can minimize these negative effects.

Due to increasing of fungal infections and isolation of fungal agents from different surgery sites and Intensive Care Units، the administration of effective disinfectants is essential. The present study was done to evaluate antifungal activity of various disinfectants on fungi isolated from the environment and surgery rooms in private clinics in Tehran between 2011 and 2012. This cross- sectional study was done during 2011- 2012 in Tehran. The fungi involved were isolated using plating and a sterile carpet. Thirty three samples were randomly selected and identified through slide cultures. Fungal suspensions were extracted from each fungus under cell ranges 0. 5×104μg/cfu to 5×104μg/cfu and antifungal activities of disinfectants with defined concentration were evaluated by means of spectrophotometer after a lapse of 15، 30، and 60 min. The most prevalent case of fungus was Aspergillus (i. e. 13 cases or 39. %) and the least were Circinella and Alternaria each diagnosed only in 1 case (3%). Benzalkonium chloride (6%) and Dettol (2. 5%) with antifungal activity against 27 cases (81. 81%) and 26 cases (78. 8%) were the most effective disinfectants، respectively after a lapse of 30 or 60 min، while 3% chlorhexidine. proved to be the least effective disinfectant after 15، 30 or 60 min. Benzalkonium chloride and Dettol had a complete antifungal activity، but chlorhexidine was found to be the least effective agent.. Therefore، the tested concentrations give out their most fungicidal activity as disinfectants، if their durability is taken into account.

Accompaniment of high serum levels of CRP to troponin increases the mortality rate in dialysis patients، and both of them are considered to be independent risk factors for uremic cardiomyopathy. In the present study، the relationship between serum troponin I and hs CRP in renal transplant patients was investigated. This. study was conducted on 52 patients undergone kidney transplantation. The patients’ serum troponin I and hs-CRP were measured. Clinical characteristics of them including sex، age، duration of disease، and donor type were obtained by their respective medical record review. Spearman’s correlation coefficient method was applied to specify correlation between serum troponin and hsCRP levels. In the current study، 52 patients (27 males and 25 females) with the mean age of 42. 98±13. 4 yrs were studied. It was found that Hs-CRP levels statistically differed between recipients who had received kidney from deceased and those from live donors. The formers who had received kidney from deceased donors showed significantly higher hsCRP levels compared to recipients from. live donors، but the difference between serum troponin I in the two groups was not significant. There was no significant correlation between serum troponin I and hs-CRP in the total population (p=0. 6، r=-0. 04)، and also in recipients who had received kidney from live or deceased donors. Regarding the insignificant relationship between serum troponin I and hs-CRP in kidney transplant patients، it seems that inflammation has no role on myocardial injury.

Considering the importance of obesity and regarding that only few studies in the field of normal anthropometrics are available in the country، the present. study was conducted to survey cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factors in people with normal body mass index and waste circumference. Data of this cross-sectional study was obtained from the 1st phase of Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP)، which is a communo-intervening plan on 3718 individuals aged over 19 years، having normal Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in Isfahan، Najaf-abad، and Arak. In order to evaluate the association between the quartiles of BMI and WC with CVD risk factors، multiple logistic regression was applied. Out of the population of the study، 2859 were males and 859 females with mean age 34. 29±14. 29 yrs. The odd ratio (ORs) of dislipidemia in the biggest quartile of BMI in males and females was 1. 84 [1. 45- 2. 33] (P<0. 001) and 1. 56 [1. 05-2. 30] (P<0. 05)، respectively. Odds ratio of at least two risk factors in the highest W. C. quartile was 2/6 [1. 45-4. 65] (P=0/001). and In men، the odds ratio of at least one risk factor in the highest WC and BMI quartile were 1. 42 [1. 12- 1. 817] (P=0. 001) and 1. 78 [1. 90-2. 27] (P=0. 002)، respectively compared with the first quartile. Although normal borderline levels of BMI and WC are used to predict CVD risk factors، but lower borderline levels of these Indexes can also be referred to as a CVD risk predictor.