مجله دانش و تندرستی در علوم پایه پزشکی
سال هشتم شماره 4 (زمستان 1392)

Exercise has effects on changing cancer factors, yet the effect of exercise on the levels of cancer factors in inflicted animals or humans has not been seriously paid attention to. Thus the aim of this study is to study the effect of aerobic continuous training on tumor volume on mice with carcinoma. In this study, 30 female balb/c mice were selected and after transplanting adenocarcinoma tumor in peritoneal area, the mice were randomly divided into a tumor-control and interval training-tumor groups. Interval training protocol was done for 7 weeks at 20% vo2max in the first week and 75% vo2max in the last week. Speleenectomy where doneafter interval training protocol, and Eliza method used to measure Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70), Interleukin 4 (IL4) and Interferon γ (IFNγ). The results of this study showed a decrease in the amount of Hsp70 in interval training group but the difference between the two groups was not significant (P>0.05). The results also showed a decrease in the levels of IL4 in the interval training-tumor group but there was no significant difference between the groups (P>0.05). The levels of IFN in interval training-tumor group were higher than those of the control group but this difference was not significant either (P>0.05). However, tumor mass in interval training-tumor group significantly decreased (P=0.001). Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that doing interval training through changing the amount of effective factors on cancer can lead to a decrease in volume mass.

The aim of the study was to determine the healing effect of salavadora persica plant extract on skin wound using an experimental animal model. A skin wound was created on the back of 80 mature male rats randomized into two groups; while the lesions of control group were covered once daily with placebo cream, those of intervention group were covered with cream based drug including extract of "Salavadora Persica" plant. Ulcers were examined regarding infiltration rate of neutrophils on the first day, macrophages and lymphocytes on the third day, lymphocytes and fibroblasts, number of new generated vessels and healing on the fifth day, collagen aggregation, wound healing and size on the fourteenth day, and finally healing and scar status twenty one days after wounding. After twenty one days, the scar mean score (± standard deviation) was 8.13±2.78 in control and 3.04±1.79 in intervention group (P<0.001). On the fourteenth day, mean score of wound healing were 0.76±0.67 and 1.65±0.48 (P=0.02) respectively and mean score of collagen aggregation and wound size (mm) were 1.6±0.5 and 2.7±0.34 (P=0.002) and 1.2±0.34 and 0.25±0.23 (P=0.001) respectively. Infiltration rates, number of new generated vessels and healing score on 5 and 21 days after wounding were not different significantly. Comparing two groups showed absolutely better conditions in intervention group regarding their collagen aggregation, wound size and scar scores after 14 and 21 days. In addition, healing in intervention group was better on the fourteenth day. Salavadora Persica showed good effect on healing trend.

Dependence on mobile phone is a serious problem for work and social life of individuals. People with low self-esteem, have problematic mobile phone use. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of mobile dependency and its relationship with self-esteem of students. In this cross-sectional study, 697 students were chosen through systemic random sampling method. Data collection tools included 10-item rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire with four-point Likert Scale, and the 20-item mobile dependency questionnaire which covered three domains of deprivation tolerance (item 1-7), dysfunction of life (items 8-13) and force - persist (items 14-20). The collected data were entered in SPSS 16 software and analyzed with statistical tests of T Test, and chi-square and Pearson Correlation. The rate of mobile dependency was 0.9 %. It did not differ by sex, however, by age, field of study, educational level, duration and how to use, the number of daily incoming and dialed call and message, average monthly charge were different. Mobile dependency and self esteem in students had a negative significant correlation (r=-0.67). Low self-esteem can lead to problematic use of the mobile phone; therefore, identifying people at risk and strategies for promoting self-esteem is useful.

Evidence based medicine (EBM) is proper, correct and intellectual use of the best evidence in clinical decision making for every single patient care. Studies have shown the use of authentic evidence in clinical care is influenced by people’s attitude. The purpose of this study was to evaluate physician’s attitudes toward, and barriers in implementing evidence based medicine in Iran It was a cross-sectional study. The study population included Iranian general practitioners, residents and specialists in 2011. The sample size was decided to be 245 and the participants were selected through simple random sampling. The data were collected using a questionnaire including information regarding research purposes. Face and content validity of the questionnaire were examined through referring to experts’ judgment and its reliability was found to be α = 0.8. Regarding attitude, 85.3% of physicians agreed that evidence-based medicine would improve patient care; 71.8% believed EBM aids clinical decision-making and 89% also believed that accessing digital libraries could benefit doctors in implementing evidencebased medicine. Lack of capital investment and material and moral incentives for physicians 59.2%) and the need to learn new skills (56.3%) were considered as the biggest barriers in implementing EBM. While physicians have positive attitudes towards evidence-based medicine, lack of investment and lack of material and intellectual reinforcement have made physicians neglect evidence-based medicine in clinical practice.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of mental imagery training on electrical fluctuation of muscles motor units and muscles strength in lower limbs. In this study, 30 healthy, previously untrained students with the mean age of 22.4±1.25 years, the mean height of 176.18±5.62 cm, and the mean weight of 67.65±6.15 were randomly assigned to a mental practice group (n=15) or control group (n=15). Mental practice group trained mental contraction of plantar flexion movement for 4 weeks (5 day per week), and control group did not train but participated in all measurements. The practice program included 50 mental maximal voluntary contractions for 2 sets of 25 repetitions. To determine the statistical difference in variables of the study the t-student test was used with the significant level of P≤0.05. The results of this study indicated that mental practice group significantly increased their plantar flexor maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) (P≤0.05). Also mental practice group significantly increased their gastronomies muscle EMG (P≤0.05). We concluded that mental practice can increase strength plantar flexor muscle, and this strength gain is attributed to the training-induced changes caused by programming central nervous system which increases activation level of agonist muscles and decreases activation level in antagonist muscles. Results showed that imagery training can affect athletic performance.

Quality of life is an important index in assessing the personal health, making decisions and passing judgments on the general health status of the society, and finding major problems people have in different arenas of life. This study aimed at determining the quality of life among students of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences. This applied cross-sectional research was carried out in 2011. The data collection instrument was the 26-item quality of life questionnaire by WHO. The collected data were analyzed through chi square test with SPSS. The average age of the participants was 20.8±2.3. 79.2% of the participants were females. 22.7% of the participants were indigenous students. In studying the students’ quality of life in the four areas of health, physical health (14.2±2.4) showed the highest score, followed by social health (14.1±3.2), mental health (13.1±2.8) and environmental health (12.7±2.5). No significant relationships were observed between quality of life and gender, level of education, marital status, place of residence, economic activities, the size of family, birth order, and the life status (dead/alive) of the parents (P>0.05). However the relationships between quality of life and being indigenous (P=0.049), family’s income (P=0.02) and main field of study (P=0.02) were significant. In addition to admitting indigenous students, setting up counseling clinics in campuses and dormitories and offering training and explanatory courses on living in university environments, improving the facilities and sports and recreational programs can promote the health level of students and enhance their life quality.

Ddiabetes induce motor function impairment. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid that has multiple pharmacological effects including anti-diabetic and antioxidant activity. 40 male wistar rats were randomly selected and allocated to 5 equal groups: Control, Control berberine-treated (100 mg/kg), diabetic, and berberine- treated diabetic (50, 100 mg/kg). Diabetes was induced by STZ administration at the dose of 55 mg/ kg through i.p. route. Berberine hydrochloride was administered p.o. at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day 1 week after STZ injection for a period of 6 weeks. Blood samples were taken from the tail vein in 1, 3, 5, and 7 weeks after STZ injection to measure blood glucose levels. Behavioral tests including y maze task, inclend plane and barfix were performed at the end of 6th and 7th weeks. diabetic Berberine-treated groups (50, 100 mg/kg/day) has significant improvement rather than diabetic group in inclend plane test and y maze task. Berberine hydrochloride administration for 6 weeks improves motor function impairment in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats.

The emergence of icu scoring systems has improved the results in critical care units as regards result prediction by prompt weaning of patients from ventilators. This study conducted to evaluate the association between APACHE II scores and results of weaning (survived, died). 300 patients who were admitted to general ICU (Bojnurd's Imam Ali hospital) and surgical ICU (Mashhad Farabi hospital) were investigated for six months. Data collected base on questionnaire and knaus APACHE II form which includes three sections: acute physiology score, age adjustment and chronic health adjustment. date collected in the first 24 hours of admission based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were significant statistical differences between the mean APACHE II score (in the first 24 hours of admission) and outcomes. There were also statistically significant differences between serum creatinin levels and results (P=0.003). All of patients with APACHE II score higher than 24 died and every patient with APACHE II score lower than 10 survived. The mortality rate was 23%. The results of this study showed that there is a association between the APACHE II scores of first 24 hours of admission and result of survival in that patients with higher APACHE II score had higher mortality rate rather than those with lower APACHE II score.

Food insecurity can influence the individual physical and mental health. The present study aimed to investigate the food insecurity and some of its socioeconomic factors related to families having girl students at high school level in Bandar Anzali, located in the north of Iran. This was a cross-sectional study held on 400 families having a 9-11 year old girl.To determine the demographic and individual features and food insecurity of the families, subject mothers were invited to an interview to complete the socio-economic and the 18-item USDA food security questionnaires. To determine the economic status, possession of 9 household items was questioned. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and multivariate logistic regression. The prevalence of food insecurity in samples was 51 %. Food insecurity was significantly associated to economic level of the family, the number of employed people and the number of children in the family, the education level of parents, and ownership of house. In households group with food insecurity, children's average weight is significantly lower than other groups. Food insecurity was severly affected by economic level, education and job status of parents.

Duodenal rupture followed by blunt trauma is usually very rare and happens by hit to epigastrium region caused by trauma, accident or sport injuries. Because of unclear signs or no specific signs of rupture, usually diagnosis of rupture is delayed and associated with dangerous or occasionally deathful complications. The patient was a 29-year-old male who three days after accident referred to emergency unit of Shahroud Imam Hossein hospital with severe pain of abdomen, nausea, decrease in level of consciousness and unstable vital signs. After resuscitation, the patient with diagnosis of peritonitis underwent laparotomy. He had transverse and severs rupture that after duodenal reconstruction, a jejunostomy was performed, then a drain was placed at the site of duodenum and pancreas and the patient was sent to ICU. After two days followed by leakage from abdominal drain, the patient underwent laparotomy again. Then after one week, followed by leakage from abdominal drain, the patient underwent laparotomy. One week after last operation, due to general condition improvement, the patient was transferred to surgical ward and jejunostomy feeding was started for him and duodenostomy and jejunostomy were excluded. Then with enough speed, and paying attention to clinical signs & symptoms and with patient's exact examination, it is possible to prevent the waste of time and expense and gain desired results of treatment.