فصلنامه مجلس و راهبرد
پیاپی 75 (پاییز 1392)

The article aims to identify a proper structure of ownership, which enhances the efficiency in insurance companies. In this framework, it can be argued that promoting privatization and free market is a way for enhancing the efficiency. The efficiency can be measured companies in term of the relationship between companie's ownership structure and their abilities. If so, proper privatization strategies will be formulated, and as a result, enhancing the insurance companie's efficiency will pave the ground for economic growth and stability in monetary and financial markets. This article examines comparatively private insurance companies operating in the Iran and Azerbaijan (2008-2010),based on Data Envelopment Analysis method. Findings show that restructuring in ownership can lead to increased efficiency in market if privatization is carried out in block-oriented terms. Also, it can be concluded that in order to enhance the efficiency in insurance companies, it is necessary to restructure government-owned insurance companies through changing their scales.

Undoubtedly, criminalization is one of most complex and difficult legislative areas, which needs to be based on criminal-law principles. Criminalization involves substantive criteria such as limited sphere, and proportionality between crime and punishment, as well as formal criteria such as explicitness and transparency, If these criteria are not met, then goals behind criminalization will be not achieved and criminal law will be damaged, and most importantly, a overcriminalization will be formed. Having examined some substantive and formal oughts and ought-nots in the light of existing criminal law, this paper concludes that criminalization in Iranian criminal law, especially in sphere of concretionary crimes, is not substantively and formally compatible with its underlying principles.

As in many other countries, the conflict of interests between productive and banking sectors in Iran is evident. Sometimes, productive sectors mislead banks, and spend the loans received from banks on speculative activities, which lead banks to avoid offering low-interest financial services for productive sector. In this, framework, the shortage of financial resources, heavy interest rates, the long process for getting a loan, and the limited period for repayments have provoked much satisfaction among people as well as productive sectors. In this paper, having reviewed the problems with Iran's banking system as well as its possible origins, the Japanese banking model implemented from 1927 to the mid-1970s is introduced as a solution for reconciling the banking sector and other sectors. In order to resolve this conflict, Japan pursued three principles: managerial and ownership-based link between the banking and productive sectors, governmental control over the banking system, and long-term financing of industrial projects by governmental financial institutions. The Japanese banking model can be used to design a new model in which the interests of the banking sector are consistent with productive sectors in Iran.

After the victory of Islamic Revolution, imposing sanctions has characterized American behavior towards on the Islamic Republic of Iran. The increasing sensitivity towards the nuclear program has intensified sanctions and the US Congress has been become one of the most famous sources of intensified sanctions. However, sanction is just one of three major types of American behavior towards Iran. The military action and removal of sections are other types for which some have argued. Supporters of the latter two types have tried to achieve their goals (either through direct or indirect) lobbying. However, current situation is in favor of those supporting the sanctions. The article examines why and how to promote the idea of those supporting the sanctions in the US Congress in the light of Jenifer Nicoll Victor's theory of legislative context, which deals with the method of lobbying.

In recent decades, social capital, along with other capitals, as a factor determining development, has been attractive to many scholars whithin various subfields of the social sciences. As a part of social capital, “trust” plays an important role in improving development indices, especially regarding political development. Given that the election is considered as most prominent symbol for democracy and political development, electoral implementation process strongly affects political trust, Therefore, a process proportionate to social conditions can improve participation through an increased political trust, and enhance legitimacy of the political system. Having reviewed critically current process of parliamentary election in Iran, this study attempts, based on Kettinger method, to consider how to reengineer this process is considered within six stage: 1. perspective; 2. initial acts; 3. recognition; 4. re-designing; 5. renovation; and 6. revival and evaluation. Using analytical-descriptive method, this study illustrates how reengineering election process affects on political trust in Iran.

Addressing issues such as inflation and economic growth is not only specific to Iran; it can be found in all industrializing and developing countries in different ways. Governmental performance strongly affects prices as well as economic stability. Thus,, in order to explain the correlation between the public budget, inflation and economic growth, this article uses a model based on theoretical foundations, previous studies in developing countries and economic realities. Factors considered in this article includes the general level of prices, government spending, government's non-oil revenues, the volume of money, actual domestic production and an equation specifying inflationary expectations Using annual data for the period from 1976 to 2011 and utilizing a system of simultaneous equations and two-step method of least squares (2SLS), this model is tested and evaluated. The results of this study suggest that deficit in Iranian public budget has led to inflation, brought about regression and slowed down economic growth. Iran is a country dependent on revenues from crude oil exports. Thus, policy-makers and planners in the public sector should give up the reliance on oil revenues, reform the structure of tax revenues, provide the annual budget bills correctly and finally contract the size of public sector.