Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences
Volume:3 Issue: 3, 2013

Hepatoprotective effect of antioxidants such as flavnoids has been demonstrated. The aim of the present study was to assess the hepatoprotective effect of the methanolic extract of Berberis integerrima fruit (MEBIF) on carbon-tetrachloride (CCL4) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Forty male rats were divided into 5 groups as follows: 1) normal، 2) toxicant control (CCL4 was injected intraperitoneally (1 mg/kg bw)، 3&4) toxicant rats treated with MEBIF at dose 250 and 500 mg/kg bw، and 5) toxicant rats treated with silymarin. At the end of the study، all the rats were sacrificed and some biochemical parameters of serum such as Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)، aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alk aline Phosphatase (ALP)، total proptein، total bilirubin and albumin، and concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA)، superoxide dismutase (SOD)، Catalase (CAT) and FRAP (Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power) in liver tissue hemogenate were estimated. The Data was analyzed by one way variance analysis and Tukey’s test using SPSS 21. injection of CCl4 significantly (P≤001/0) increased levels of ALT، AST، ALP، total bilirubin and MDA and decreased levels of total protein، albumin CAT، SOD (P≤ (001/0and FRAP in toxicant rats. In groups toxicant + Berberis (250&500) and toxicant + silymarin restored these changes to normal levels. Histopathological findings are cosistent with biochemical findings. MEBIF have a hepatoprotective effect on CCL4- induced hepatic damage in rats and these effects might be contributed to modulation of detoxification enzymes and antioxidant and free radical scavenger effects.

Nowaday، substance abuse is one of the bitterest social damages. In the recent years، substance abuse has increased among students of schools and universities، therefore special attention it requires. This study aimed to study the effect of life skills training on the promotion of the preventive behaviors of Gonabad University medical school students’ abuse of substances. During the experimental research and field trail، 60 students were Selected through a quota random sampling method and were randomly assigned to the two case and control groups. A Questionnaire that involved demographic factors and Preventive behaviors، whichwere caused as the result of drug abuse، was used for data collection. The questionnaire’s reliability and validity was assessed before and after educational intervention، and as a follow-up، 4 years after educational intervention. The Data was analyzed using T-Test and Chi-square. Comparison of the mean of the scores in scale Preventive behaviors caused by drug abuse in post-test of two case and control groups had a significant difference (p<0/01) that remained stable 4 years after the end of the intervention. There was a significant difference between some of the demographic factors and Preventive behaviors that had been caused by drug abuse (p<0/01). Life skills training are effective in strengthening Preventive behaviors of substance abuse in university students. Therefore، life skills training programs should be integrated into university courses in order to comprehensively and consistently the effect of drug abuse on the educational level of students

Inappropriate use of fat in diets is a significant risk factor that can cause cardiovascular diseases، morbidity، and mortality in the world. This study was designed to determine the fat consumption pattern in east Tehran habitants. In this cross sectional study 500 east Tehran habitants were evaluated. Data was collected by a questionnaire designed by the authors of the present study. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed in a pilot study. The Data was analyzed with SPSS software. The average of family members was 3. 9±1. 4. The highest amount ofoil consumed was that of solid candy oil، while The lowest was animal oil. For cooking، 36. 8% and 31% of samples were using liquid oil and solid candy oil، respectively. For fraying 33. 8%، 20%، 32. 4% of samples were using liquid oil، solid candy oil and frying oil، respectively. a relationship was found between higher educational level and mothers working out of the house and higher consumption of liquid oil، fraying oil and olive oil (p<0. 001). High age، housekeeper mothers and higher family span were associated with the higher consumption of solid oils، butter and ghee (p<0. 02). This study revealed that the significant portion of daily oil consumption of Tehran habitants consist of solid oils. It seems to be necessary to organize proper training programs to increase social awareness about the hazards of solid saturated fats.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157: H7 have emerged as pathogens that can cause food-borne infections and severe and potentially fatal illnesses in humans. E. coli O157: H7 colonizes the digestive tract of cattle and is transmitted to humans by food and water. The objectives of this study were to characterize the prevalence of E. coli O157: H7 isolates in hamburger in Shiraz and to test their antimicrobial sensitivity. In this research، 428 samples of hamburger were collected from 7 main factories of meat products and enriched in TSB with novobiocin medium at 37ºC. Fermentation of sorbitol and lactose and activities of β- glucuronidase of separated bacteria were examined by using the SMAC and VRBA media and CHROMagar medium. Then isolation of E. coli O157: H7 was confirmed with the use of specific antisera; and with the multiplex PCR method، the presence of E. coli O157: H7 virulence genes – including stx1، stx2، eaeA، and hly – was analyzed. Finally، antibiotic resistance strains were tested with disk diffusion methods. Out of all the examined samples، 264 (61. 68%) sorbitol-negative bacteria were separated in the CT-SMAC medium. After evaluation with specific antisera، the rate of the recognition of E. coli O157: H7 was 5 (1. 17%). The stx1 and eaeA genes were diagnosed in 2 (0. 47%) cases of these samples. All the isolated bacteria were resistant to penicillin، clindamycin، and erythromycin antibiotics. The presence of STEC in animal products suggests that they may be a potential hazard for human health. A regular monitoring of STEC O157، mainly in hamburger، should be performed to prevent a possible consumer health threat.

Hospital is a supportive environment in three levels of prevention. This study pointed out patient empowerment based on health promoting hospitals approach. The semi-experimental study had been done cardiovascular ward in BOU ALISINA hospital in Qazvin. four domains including: patient empowerment، educational intervention for nurses، organizational intervention for management، and physical environment intervention had been targeted in this study. Some models such as health belief model، BASNEF، and total quality management (TQM) had been used for interventional education. Data in each domain had analyzed using several Analectic test as Pair-T test، Descriptive statistic in SPSS/win14 software. Based on findings in first domain the mean score of knowledge and all health belief model''s components after educational intervention increased. In second domain mean score of educational intervention based on BASNEF model for nurses in communication skills increased. Results applying the concepts of Total Quality Management theory within the third domain depicted a colleague and supervisor as the most influential individuals in workplace. The mean scores of changeable improvement of some Environmental wards of hospital including: laundry and kitchen، increased. health promoting hospitals is a supportive and holistic approach to health.

In the recent years، nuclear medicine has enjoyed remarkable growth thanks to such novel technologies as SPECT-CT and PET، which are utilized for the recognition of new detectable molecules and radiopharmaceutical medicines. Therefore، the current regulations on radiation protection require revision. Namazi Hospital of Shiraz is one of the first nuclear medicine centers in Iran. Many patients visit this hospital every year; consequently، radiation protection must be screened and evaluated regularly. Radiation protection in the nuclear medicine department has not been assessed in detail yet، so we sought to conduct the first general radiation protection study. The radiation dose in each zone was measured and regulated according to the International Commission on Radiological Protection. To this end، measurements were performed over a three-day period، five times a day. The maximum and minimum doses in the nuclear medicine center in Namazi Hospital were 25µSv/h and 0. 13µSv/h، respectively. The maximum dose was measured in the SPECT room next to the patient''s bed during infusion. The minimum dose was measured behind the SPECT room wall next to the reception. In terms of quality assessment، there are several major environmental problems such as lack of suitable warning signs and sufficient ventilation; however، the main problem is the absence of routine periodical radiation protection studies. The results of these experiments revealed that the radiation protection in the nuclear department of Namazi Hospital met the international standards.

Obesity and being overweight are one of current nutritional disorders found in many developed and developing countries such as Iran، it seems that recently the role of carbohydrates in the formation of such illness has been considered. Studies conducted in the field of obesity and quality and quantity of carbohydrate (glycemic index and glycemic load) have had inconsistent results. Therefore، This study evaluates the relationship between dietary glycemic index and glycemic load and some indicators of obesity. The subjects were 95 healthy Iranian females aged 25-55 y. dietary GI، GL assessed from six24 hour food recalls. Anthropometric measurements were taken according to standard methods. Information such as history of disease and genetics was collected by a questionnaire. Independent sample t test، correlation confident، one–way ANOVA Were used to investigate the correlation between dietary glycemic index and glycemic load and anthropometric measurements. The mean dietary GI was 72. 8 and the mean dietary GL was 154. 4. After making the necessary adjustments for potential dietary and non-dietary confounding factors، no significant association was seen between dietary GI، GL and BMI، waist circumference، waist to hip ratio in healthy women. The fact that there was no relation between dietary GI and GL and anthropometric measurements in healthy women may be due to the fact that results obtained from overweight samples were not reported in the current study.

Studying periods in university is very important for students. Because of the problems، this period is usually accompanied with mental status changes of students. The aim of this study was the assessment of psychological variables (stress، anxiety and depression) and self-concept of students. In this cross-sectional study، all the students studying at Fasa University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 89-88 were selected through census sampling method. The DASS-21 was used to assess stress، anxiety and depression of students and in order to evaluate the status of their self-concept; the Carl Rogers questionnaire was used. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics (t test، ANOVA، Chi square and Pearson correlation). The results of this study showed that 76% of students had stress، 56. 4% anxiety and 53. 1% depression، and 69/3% had weak or negative self-concepts. There was a statistically significant correlation between high stress، anxiety and depression with negative self-concept (P<0. 001). High stress، anxiety and depression and also a significant correlation between increased stress، anxiety and depression with negative and weak self-concept of students were found. It is necessary to devote more careful attention to mental health issues of students and have appropriate interventions.

Divorce، unwanted pregnancies، and unsuccessful marriages create mental، emotional، physical، and financial problems for individuals، families، and ultimately the community. Premarital education and counseling is one of the most effective ways for the prevention of such problems. The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate the effectiveness of a premarital educational program by using the TRA (Theory of Reasoned Action). Four hundred couples who attended premarital education and counseling classes voluntarily participated in this descriptive and analytical study. Variables such as attitude، subjective norms، and intention، were collected by using a validated questionnaire based on the TRA components. The questionnaire was filled out before and after the educational classes. The mean age of the couples was 23. 16 ± 5. 64 years old. Statistically significant differences were found in knowledge، attitude، and subjective norms before and after participation in the classes (p value < 0. 001). However، in terms of the couples’ intention of following the recommendations، no statistically significant difference was observed between the values before and after the classes (p value > 0. 05). Although the mean knowledge and attitude of the couples under study increased after the classes، the increase was not high and only 20% of the couples gained acceptable knowledge. The effectiveness of such classes in the current manner is very low. Application of appropriate educational methods and media-based models and theories is highly recommended.

Backgrond& The ability of mesenchymalstem cells (MSCs) differentiation into many cell types، as well as their ex vivo expansion potential، makes them as an attractive therapeutic tool for cell transplantation and tissue engineering. This project was designed to improve isolation culture and characterization of human amniotic membran-derivedMSSCS and human warton، s jelly- derived MSCs. The amniotic membrane and warton، s jelly fragments were cultured as explants in the culture plates. After fourth passage، a population of homogenous cells was isolated from human amniotic membrane and warton ''sjelly. The phenotype identification of adherent cell was performed by flowcytometric analysis. The in vitro differentiation of MSSCS into osteoblast and adipocytes was also achieved. Resalts: The differentiation of osteoblasts was determined by deposition of a mineralized extracellular matrix in the culture plates that detected with Alizarin Red. A dipocyts were easily identified by their morphology and staining with Oil Red. AM-HMSSCS and the UC-HMSSCS both showed thanCD105، CD44positiveexpression and thanCD34، CD133 negative expression. In addition، the differentiation of specific staining، indicative of mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into precursor cells of bone precursor cells of adipose tissue. It seems that both samples are similar and suitable for cell therapy.

Ovarian cancer mortality is associated with lower regional sunlight exposure. Vitamin D and its metabolites are best known for their action in calcium and bone metabolism. However، epidemiological studies have suggested that an increased ovarian cancer risk is associated with decreased production of vitamin D. The vitamin D signaling pathway is involved in a wide variety of biological processes، including cell proliferation، differentiation and apoptosis that may influence ovarian cancer risk. The purpose of this study was to analyze the frequency and type of mutations in the coding region of exon 9 of VDR gene in the risk of ovarian cancer in Indian population. PCR-RFLP analysis of this gene was on 100 ovarian cancer patients and an equal number of matching controls. The tt genotype of codon 352 of VDR gene showed an OR of 1. 83 for (95%CI، 0. 93–4. 03، P = 0. 03) and an OR for Tt genotype was 0. 83 (95%CI، 0. 46–1. 26، P = 0. 05). The results show that the VDR tt genotype was significantly associated with ovarian cancer risk.

Leishmaniasis is a common disease between humans and animals caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania spp. It is transmitted by the female species of Phlebotomus. The most common form of leishmaniasis is the cutaneous form seen as either dry (urban) or wet (Rural). Detection of cutaneous leishmaniasis species is not reliable by microscopy. Among the methods، PCR is useful for this purpose. In this study، we aimed to investigate the cutaneous leishmaniasis species by PCR method in Fasa district. Slit biopsies were collected from 138 suspected cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis who were presented، consecutively، in Fasa district from April 2011 to February 2012. After the microscopy، the entire smear was then scraped off the slide surface for DNA extraction and PCR assay. All 138 investigated smears were reported positive by microscopy and nested PCR assay. In PCR، One of the smears had the 750-bp band، indicative of L. tropica and the rest had the 560-bp band indicative of L. major. In conclusion، the cutaneous leishmaniasis found in Fasa district is predominantly Rural Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. The PCR-based assay used in the present study appears to be a suitable and powerful tool for the characterization of Leishmanial species.

One of the basic principle of the protection of the patient، the patient''s right to make decisions for their health. In this study، the effect of using decision aid''s package was studied on choice of treatment and decision making outcomes in patients with early-stage breast cancer. This research is a clinical trial، performed on 30 patients with stage 1 or 2 breast cancer admitted to Tehran Hospital of Imam Khomeini Cancer Institute، who were randomly divided into two groups، intervention (15) and control (15). The intervention group received the decision aid package. Routine care method was performed on the control group. Data collection consisted of three questionnaires: demographics، treatment options and decision conflict scale، decision regret scale. Data analysis and statistical was performed using software spss version 16 and fisher''s exact test and t-test. Type of treatment option selected by patients، participating in decision-making and decision conflict was statistically significant between groups (p<0. 05). Decision regret did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p= 0. 087). Decision aid intervention with participated the patients in decision-making about their، improved patients'' knowledge، certainty to start treatment and selecting treatment option according to their values and priorities.

Stress has different effects on the living organisms. In this study the effect of immobilization stress the HPG (hypothalamic - pituitary - gonad axis) hormones secretion and the number of spermatogonia was studied in adult male rats. 30 male rats were divided into 3 groups. The Control group: who were not exposed to any kind of stress، and two experimental 7 and 14 day groups which respectively received 2 hours of immobilized stress over 7 and 14 day stress periods، blood samples were collected directly from the heart of the animals، Hormones GnRH، LH and testosterone levels were measured by ELISA. The number of spermatogonia in the testes of adult male rats were counted. We used ANOVA and Duncan''s test results in p ≤0. 05 for statistic analyze test. The results showed that immobilization stress significantly decreased concentrations of GnRH and testosterone hormones compared with the control group. Also the 14-day immobilization stress caused a significant reduction in spermatogonia cells. The results of this study indicate that the inhibitory effect of immobilization stress on the HPG axis may also cause negative effects on the spermatogenesis process.

Trauma is one of the most important causes of mortality in human population all over the world. Thoracic trauma is one of the most important medical and socio-economic burdens in different areas of Iran. This study was conducted to evaluate the epidemiology status of thoracic trauma prevalence in Emergency departments of Vali-E-Asr teaching Hospital in Fasa. This descriptive study was performed on 300 traumatized patients (240 males and 60 females) who referred to the emergency department of Vali-E-Asr Hospital of Fasa due to chest trauma in a six month period، which started from January 2011. The data was statistically analyzed by using a prospective study. Among 300 patients، 240 individuals were male (80℅) and 60 were female (20℅). The most frequent incidence rate of chest trauma (6/47℅) was observed in the age group of 15 to 25 years. And the average age was 35 years. The most frequent cause of trauma was traffic accidents (58/4℅) and the least frequent cause of trauma was gunshot (2/7℅). The most frequent clinical symptom observed in patients was chest pain and chest tenderness. The most frequent associated trauma observed with thoracic injuries was head trauma (58/3℅). By considering the high frequency of traffic accidents as the leading cause of chest trauma، basic reform in traffic and transportation should be done.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a rod-shaped، Gram-negative، glucose-nonfermenting aerobic bacterium. It is widespread in natural environments and it is an opportunistic pathogen for humans that can lead to a broad spectrum of disease such as urinary، burn، respiratory infections، and septicemia. The aim of this study was to determe antibiotic resistance profile of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Taleghani hospital (Ahvaz، Iran). This cross-sectional study was conducted on 111 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from hospitalized patients. Clinical specimens were cultured on microbiological media. Subsequently، drug susceptibility test was performed using the disc diffusion method according to CLSI recommendations. The more P. aeruginosa strains were from wound specimens (48. 6%). In antimicrobial susceptibility testing، colistin exhibited the greatest anti-Pseudomonas activity (78. 3%). Isolates demonstrated resistance to beta-lactam antimicrobials such as antipseudomonal penicillins، including piperacillin and carbenicillin. The spread of these bacteria in hospital personnel and wet areas could be a suitable reservoir of resistance genes. Therefore، it is necessary to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profile and the effect of hospital equipment and personnel in the dissemination route of resistance genes.