International Journal Of Bio-Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials
Volume:2 Issue: 2, Summer 2013

Nanoindentation techniques are widely used for the study of nanomechanical properties of thin nanocomposite coatings. Theoretical concepts and practical use of nanoindentation method are summarized with reporting the applications of these tests in characterization of some particular thin nanocomposite hybrid coatings prepared by sol-gel process. The better mechanical properties can be obtained in the investigated hybrid coatings in compare with the pristine polymer coatings. It is demonstrated that the adding nano inorganic fillers can be influenced on physical-mechanical properties of coatings as well their microstructures. However, the adhesion of nanocomposite coatings is dependent on the chemical bond in the interface, microporous and defects in the network. Coating can be delaminated on exposure to extreme UV and humidity conditions. The mechanism of coating''s failure as well microstructural changes can be studied by nanoindentation technique in statistic or dynamic modes.

Todays, parallel to growing in acceptance of functional products, various additives are used to improve the characteristics of functional food products. The coenzyme Q10 is an essential component for energy conversion and production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the membranes of all body cells and organelles, especially the inner mitochondrial membrane is found. Coenzyme Q10 plays a vital role in cellular energy production. It also increases the body''s immune system via its antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of coenzyme Q10 on physicochemical properties of grape fruit juice. The variables were concentrations of coenzyme Q10 (10 or 20 mg in 300 mL) and storage temperature (25 C and 4°C) and the parameters were pH, titrable acidity, brix, viscosity, turbidity and sensory evaluation during three months of storage. By increasing time and temperature, pH was decreased and with increasing concentration of coenzyme Q10, pH was increased. Time and temperature had direct influence on acidity, and the concentration of coenzyme Q10 had the opposite effect on the acidity. With increasing storage time and concentration of coenzyme Q10, Brix, viscosity and turbidity levels were increased and with increasing time and concentration of coenzyme 10, the Brix, viscosity and turbidity were increased. The addition of coenzyme Q10 in grape juice showed no negative effect on the physicochemical and sensory properties.

Pb(II) in water samples is presented. A novel Graphene oxide with covalently linked porphyrin solid-phase extraction adsorbent was synthesized by covalently linked porphyrin onto the surfaces of graphite oxides. The stability of a chemically (GO-H2P) especially in concentrated hydrochloric acid was studied which used as a recycling and pre-concentration reagent for further uses of (GO-H2P). The method is based on (GO-H2P) of Pb(II) on surfactantcoated C18, modified with a porphyrin-treated graphite oxides (GO-H2P). The retained ions were then eluted with 4 ml of 4 M nitric acid and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) at 283.3 nm for Pb. The influence of flow rates of sample and eluent solutions, pH, breakthrough volume, effect of foreign ions on chelation and recovery were investigated. 1.5 g of surfactant coated C18 adsorbs 40 mg of the Schiff''s base which in turn can retain 15.2 ± 0.8 mg of each of the two ions. The limit of detection (3σ) for Pb(II) was found to be 3.20 ng l-1. The enrichment factor for both ions is 100. The mentioned method was successfully applied on determination of lead in different water samples. The ions were also speciated by means of three columns system.

the term biomining have been coined to refer to the use of microorganisms in mining processes as in the biooxidation of refractory gold minerals. The biooxidation of refractory gold ores presents similar characteristics when compared with roasting and pressure oxidation. Almost without exception, microbial extraction procedures are more environmentally friendly. The isolated bacteria in this study, were included a variety of oxidizing acidophilic autotrophic iron and sulfur oxidizing that named F.O.C.B and C.L.L.B. Biological oxidation with shaking flask method were done in the presence of 1 gr of the ore milled of Mouteh with a particle diameter of 150 microns (100 mesh) in 9K medium without iron, at 30°C and shaking speed 180 rpm, during the 7 days, during this period ferrous ions assessment were performed by colorimetric method with orthophenantrolin. The results showed that F.O.C.B. bacteria reduced the amount of ferrous ion from 0.63 to 0.015 gr/L and C.L.L.B. bacteria from 0.64 to 0.04 gr/L. Also mineral pyrite was removed after 7 days. This study aimed to Optimization of gold extracting from sulfide ore Mouteh using indigenous bacteria.

In this paper, indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles has been prepared by chemical methods under given conditions with solution of indium chloride (InCl3·4H2O), tin chloride (SnCl4·5H2O) in ammonia solution. The samples were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses after heat treatments. The SEM results showed that, the size of the ITO particles prepared by co-precipitation route decreased to 46 nm whereas the size of the ITO prepared by hydrothermal and pechini sol-gel methods increased to 1 micron. The XRD patterns revealed that, the size of crystallite ITO particles prepared by sol-gel and hydrothermal methods increased. Finally the intensity ratio of I400/I222 had a decrease of 21.67 percent for ITO prepared by hydrothermal method.

The nanoparticles of gold doped with various percentage of copper (Cu 10%, 25%, 75%) were synthesized by wet-chemical method at room temperature. Copper (II) sulfate and gold (III) chloride trihydride was taken as the metal precursor and ascorbic acid as a reducing agent and anhydride maleic as surfactant. The reaction is performed with high-speed stirring at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and DRS UV-Vis spectroscopy have been used for the characterization of the samples. Moreover the X-ray diffraction results indicated that the synthesized Cu doped Au nanoparticles had a pure single phase face-centered cubic structure and the average particle sizes were between 5.43 - 12.6 nm. SEM images shows a spherical shape and dopant Cu influenced the particles size of the powder.

In this study Response Surface Methodology was used to optimize process conditions and to evaluate the effect of ultrasound on quality attributes (antioxidant activity, pH, total soluble solid, turbidity) and the inactivation of Escherichia coli bacteria in carrot juice. Independent variables in this study were temperature (25-50°C), time (20-40 min) and frequency (0-130 kHz). In this study thermal process (85°C, 10 min) was chosen as control sample. The Browning index (BI) was used to evaluate the color changes of carrot juice. Results showed that linear effect of frequency (X3) and also interaction effect of frequency-time (X2-X3) were significant (p<0.05) in the inactivation of E. coli. Moreover about antioxidant activity, it was shown that, linear and quadratic effects of time were significant (p<0.05). The pH of samples was changed significantly (p<0.05) under the effect of linear (X2) and quadratic effects of time and linear (X3) and quadratic (X22) effects of frequency and also interaction effect of temperature frequency (X1-X3). None of parameters had significant (X32) effect on turbidity and total soluble solid (p 0.05). Control sample showed higher value for browning index comparing other treatments.

In this research iron manganese oxide nanocomposites were prepared by co precipitation, sol-gel and mechanochemical methods by using iron (III) nitrate, iron (II) sulfate and manganese (II) nitrate as starting materials. These nanocomposites were prepared in the presence of various catalyst beds. The polyvinyl pyrrolidon (PVP) was used as a capping agent to control the agglomeration of the nanoparticles. Nanocatalysts were identified by FT-IR, XRD,SEM and TEM. The sizes of nanoparticles were determined by XRD data and Scherer equation. The prepared nanocatalysts were tested for decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide decomposition activity of samples was determined by evolved oxygen volumetry technique. Also based on surface area analysis and BET data, using of sodium metasilicate bed led to the high surface area and catalytic activity. Therefore Coprecipitation method in the presence of sodium metasilicate introduce as preferred method. To optimize the catalytic activities of nanoparticles factors such as concentration, cations ratio, pH and calcination temperature were investigated.