مجله مدیریت نوآوری
سال یکم شماره 1 (پیاپی 3، پاییز 1391)

Although success in defense industries depends on many factors, innovation is a key factor in transition into a new era of defense industries. Previous studies have mentioned many factors such as individual, organizational and environmental which affect innovation success. Opportunity creation for future wars, responding to army’s current needs, and gaining economical profits are 3 main components of innovation success in defense industries. In spite of the fact all of these factors have a key role on the innovation success, but some researchers emphasize more on the importance of organizational factors. In fact, innovations in defense industries are complex, expensive and require interaction between industries and army; in this situation, organizational capabilities and assets are very important elements to succeed innovations. In this study, after explaining the dimensions and components of innovation success, organizational influencing factors were identified. Then with the help of 13 defense experts, we tried to refine the factors according to the field. In next step, by the means of surveying methods, we studied organizational factors impacts on radical and incremental innovation separately. Our research results show that 22 of 40 factors have meaningful impact on innovation success, while the ranking and priority of these factors differ in radical and incremental innovation.

The main objective of this research is providing a model for the formation of emerging technological innovation system in Iranian Biotechnology sector. In this research, using qualitative and quantitative research, the historical development of formation of this sector has been analyzed using the functional approach of Technological Innovation System (TIS) concept. Using historical data mapping, the evolution of different functions and activities has been charted. Using factor analysis and structural equation modeling on the 103 questionnaire, functions and activities of conceptual model were confirmed and the causal relationships between different functions were mapped. Based on results, 7 functions and several activities have been identified for the formation of emerging technological innovation systems in Iran. The Results indicates that government has a key role through influencing the functions such as guidance of research and innovation, supply and institutional building and legalization. Therefore, the functions and activities that have done by the government were the main drivers of formation and development of these sectors in Iran and also simultaneous development of knowledge and market capacities leading to better formation of this sector.

New product development (NPD) as a modern approach was applied to respond the environmental changes in firms according to the critical success factors (CSF), and toward achieving competitive advantages. The alignment between technology change management - with concentration in technology acquisition planning and filling the technologic gap - and new product development process is a serious necessity. The purpose of this research is to prioritize technology management functions in NPD process by considering CSFs as criteria and concentration on a knowledge based organization. The current paper is kind of descriptive and survey research which used Fuzzy AHP method. Based on experts’ standpoints, 5 technology management functions were recognized and also 3 groups of key success factors were used to prioritize these functions. According to the research results, identifying and selecting the technology in feasibility stage, the technology acquisition function in technology development stage, and the use function in product development stage were most priorities. Accordingly, a design theme for an efficient technology management system in NPD was achieved. Reliability of the research was confirmed through Cronbach’s Alpha and its validity was gained based on technology management and NPD experts’ views.

Why do customers prefer one product/ brand to other products/ brands? Which elements make one product more attractive than the others? Nowadays, by the growth of markets, customers are growing too and accordingly understanding customer’s behavior becomes more complicated than ever. “Customer behavior” is one of the most important matters for any marketer in SAIRAN organization to the extent that many decision makings heavily depend on this issue in the organization. Hi-Tech markets have silent environmental characteristics such as market/technology and competitive uncertainty which differentiate them from low-Tech markets; by the way, B2B and B2C marketing has many differences in contrast with each other. One of the major objectives of this paper is to explore the critical factors which affect the decision making of Hi-Tech organizational buyers. By concentration on “Patient’s Heart Monitor” as a hi-tech product in SAIRAN Company, we proposed a new applicable model for the company’s marketing manager. In this research the “grounded theory method” was used which as the best approach to get an applicable and useful model for B2B buying behavior in high-tech products. Finally, we compared this model with one of the latest models - Manabery & Tina’s model - which has revealed its strengths and weaknesses.

As a new management concept, business model has been highly emphasized by academics, practitioners and business analysts in last 2 decades. Academics use the term “business model” when they want to describe the rationale of value creation and value capture in an organization. Since perspectives in defining business model concept and function is highly diverse, many ambiguities has been arisen regarding the relation of business model and strategy. To shed light on this issue, the present article first investigated the business model literature and then reviewed the different views regarding business model and strategy relationship. In second stage, a research framework was developed to address business model elements arrangement fit to Porter`s generic strategies in a field study of high-tech firms. Also, Clustering Analysis was used to group firms based on their business models and strategies and then performance of firms was compared to investigate the fit between business model elements and each porter`s generic strategies. At last, results have revealed that the arrangement of business model in firms which follow cost leadership strategy was different from the arrangement of business model in firms that follow differentiation strategy.

The present study has carried out to design a pluralistic organizational model in Iranian Aviation Industries through a descriptive survey. The main concern is the fact that the main organizational elements of the current aviation industry are not capable in tackling and creating a positive interaction with pluralistic and paradoxical elements of external and internal environments. To overcome this problem, a survey has been performed according to the available literature on the issue; 54 main values of pluralistic organizations have been extracted and then reduced to 8 main values through Delphi technique and 30 academics and industrial experts’ opinions. Furthermore, the conceptual model of pluralistic organization in aviation industry has been designed by the interaction of 8 extracted values through Delphi technique. A questionnaire was constructed, and then tested through Cronbach’s Alpha and affirmative factor analysis in order to gain reliability and validity. Moreover, hypothesis testing for 16 hypotheses had been performed through route analysis which led to an accepted conceptual model. This study indicated that “varied environmental beneficiaries”, “pluralistic structure”, “non-occurrence technology”, and “varied human resources” will drive the organization to show pluralistic behaviors such as horizontal integration, networking and road-mapping. Also, it has shown that such values have a strong interaction with each other while the most related variable in each value was identified too.