مجله پژوهش های تاریخی ایران و اسلام
پیاپی 9 (پاییز و زمستان 1390)

The ancient history of the Jews and religious ties to Iran، the economic، political and cultural Links were close together. In the Achaemenid and Parthian period، according to the policy of religious tolerance and patience of the Iranian kings، the Jews، like other religions، the extensive range of imperial and religious freedom have always lived in peace. But taking Power by Sassanid; religious policies and Actions strict about all Non-Zoroastrians deals، following fears that Jews and other religious minorities such as Jews، in fact، often involving harsh religious policies have the Sassanid rulers. However، historical records show that more than four centuries of Sassanid rule، especially to the Jewish people when they paid their taxes and did not attempt to fight the imperial system، It lived in peace and freedom، and the Sassanid kings and leaders of the Jewish community had close ties and friendly. In this paper، we study the situation of the Jewish community during the Sasanian and Sasanian kings Jewish relations will be discussed.

Arabs in pre-Islamic times Used by coins in Iran, Yemen and leaving with their Economic exchanges.Umar ibn al-Khattab during the confusion of the Muslims began to Multiplying Coin. These types of coins minted the coin's Sassanid Arab "Abdul malek called up during the Umayyad, the first Islamic coins minted pure, he continued. However, during the Prophet's and Abubakr sign of a coin can not be observed, but there is evidence that indicates the types of coins minted during his lifetime, Abubakr, Uthman, Ali is also Sofyanyan period. During the uprisings of the coin by leaders such as Abdullah Ibn Zubair and khawaregh is multiplied. Due to the evolution of coinage in the history of the Muslim experience in many different types of coins minted were taught, thus it can be said that the Muslims during the Umayyad Abdul malek suddenly began to think, not of pure coins. This research uses the analytical methods used to study seeks to evaluate the library system of coinage during the Prophet, the four caliphs, the Sofyanyan, Zobeyryan and khawaregh, Based on such coins feature of the political, social, economic and cultural life of the coins is.

Since the second half of 19th century, the economy of all communities, in accordance with capitalist global market task division, was divided into two special production procedures. The first group was central capitalist communities which their production procedures were capitalistic. These communities produced manufactured goods and capital goods. The second group of communities were marginal capitalist or under developed communities which had per_ capitalist economical procedures. These communities were the producer and exporter of raw materials. According to this division, an economical relation between these two communities was made. Even though this relation was bilateral, it was unequal. This unequal was due to the imposition put by one side (central communities) on the other side (marginal communities) While the task division of capitalist system made the communities of marginal communitie's dependent to central communities which were mostly European industrialized countries, the economical consequences of World War I made the economy of central communities dependent to economy of USA which had a strong foundation at the end of war. The economical demand of European to the USA capitals to rebuild the ruins of war, and need of marginal communities to revive the economy of central communities to exchange raw materials with manufactured goods, mad USA the center of global economical developments in capitalist system after the World War I which made all communities in centre and margin, depended to USA. Under this circumstances the emergence of a crisis in the economy of USA cold cause an economical Tsunami and be transferred to all central and marginal communities and consequently cause global crisis. The Great depression which was caused by the collapse of stock and bond in stock exchange in New York was the result of this kind of economical relation. That crisis had various economical results in both central and marginal communities. That also led to various reactions in both communities. The fallowing article sketch this question that how the Great depression started and what were its consequences in both communities. Moreover this article tries to investigate how the Great depression formed. How transformed to the Europe and undeveloped countries and what were their reaction to consequences of depression.

Interpretative school (verstehend) method in the social sciences, like many other schools in the root of the controversy surrounding the role of the humanities and the research method, it is in the nineteenth and twentieth. This school to school because of the apparent similarity between the positivism of natural sciences and humanities to believe and not to differences in methodology has emerged. The followers of this school, the lack of difference between the natural sciences and social sciences and the like; Absolute faith is not opposed to using the methods of the natural sciences in the humanities had Understanding the subjective meaning of social action and contemplation that there were things in the backend. Max Weber's interpretative school advocates. Wiliam Diletay and Heinrich Rikert were the first advocates of this theory, Weber and their influence was. From this perspective, all behavior has meaning and purpose. This is the meaning of (verstehend) the intellection of deeds or a social relationship and the way that we understand the complexity of social phenomena within Emotional identification with the actor is actually sort of intellection that you are trying to understand it. This study attempts to identify the school and interpretative methodology, how intellection, intellection importance of science and its application In historical studies to examine So, what is the research question, identification of interpretative methodology and a member of the School of Historical Studies. This study deals with such an approach to investigate these issues.

Persian Gulf has been one of the most important areas of Iran in different eras. It is also clear from its local and international influences that this area has been playing an important role in all fields, especially economics, which has continued up to now. In Qajar's era different cities and islands of Persian Gulf experienced main economic and political evolutions which at their time have had a great impact on Iran's economic and political fate. This research provides a critical overview of Persian Gulf's economic status in various fields such as commerce, agriculture and industry according to the information derived from the Books of Travels, which are the most credible texts of that time. The Findings of the study show the good and relatively balanced status of Persian Gulf in commerce; import, export and transit of goods, and the results are so useful in revision and completion of other historical text's information and data.

Having been established in Iran, the Imperial Bank of Persia had it slicencegranted to Britain by Naser al-Din Shah, with the headquarters located in London, and the shareholders and most agents being English. It was under Britain’s support through the British Royal Charter. British government sought particular aims through the establishment of the Imperial Bank which acted as leverage by the British government to exert pressure on Iran, thus playing roles in its political and military affairs as well as have such economic functions as loaning, theissue of banknotes, controlling foreign and domestic trade, etc. The political and militaryactivities included CoupD’étatof 1921, the reigning of Reza Shah, intervening in Iran’s foreign affairs with other countries such as the United States, payroll of the army and spies, giving financial aids to the British troops in Iran, etc. The establishment of the bank branches in cities, even, indicates this political approach, such as the establishment of one branch in Birjanddue to its strategic location, and the short distance of this region to India in order to prevent the advancement of Russians and Germans. In the present article the political functions of the Imperial Bank of Persia as well as its structure and organization have been studied. The objective has been to show that the political aims played a major role in establishing the bank and its branches, and Britain used it as a tool to exert pressure on Iran.

Despite the improvement of the studies on women in various areas of history as well as the various investigations which have been conducted on religious beliefs and history of political and social upheavals of the Ismailia sect, the subject common between these two issues, i.e. the role of women in history of political and social upheavals of the Ismaili has not been considered and studied by researchers. Although historical sources do not provide researchers with much information about women of Ismaili religion, this should not lead to neglect of half the Ismaili community. Regarding the necessity of understanding the role of women of Ismaili religion in various social and political fields throughout the history, Status of women in the Ismaili community in general as well as the role of Ismaili predominant women in political and social upheavals of the sect and its branches has been studied in this paper.

Relations between two powerful governments, Sasanian and Byzantine, at all during of the Sassanid Empire were full of ups and downs and eventful. Although territorial disputes, especially over Armenia and the Caucasus was a major factor of the tension between the two governments and causing no end wars and occasional peace agreements, political, religious, economical rivalries between the Sassanids and Byzantines was not less than territorial disputes and each of them could take two governments to the brink of a devastating war. All of these events caused that any of the governments seek to get different points from formidable competitor in various conflicts depending on their interests.Bahram Choobine’ revolt and Khosrow Parviz’s escape to Byzantine court provided one of the golden opportuities for Byzantine Empire that for the first time, in addition to various points, also acquired an opportunity to intervene in the internal affairs of Iran and play a fundamental role to sit on the throne of the Kingdom. This paper with questioninig what was the role Byzantine Empire in the rise of Khosrow Parviz? intends to pay some issues such as power of forth Hormozd in Iran, to provide arrangements of the revolt of Bahram Choobin, decleration of the kingdom of Bahram Choobin, escape of Khosrow Parviz to Byzantine court, Khosrow’s obligations to Byzantine court against financial and military support of the emperor and How Khosrow Parviz returns to Sassanid throne.