فصلنامه رشد فناوری
پیاپی 36 (پاییز 1392)

knowledge-based economy based on acquisition, production, distribution and utilization of knowledge in all economic activities. In this economy the need for innovative companies are very obvious because these companies are the main source of wealth and employment in the knowledge-based economy. Knowledge-based economy is the current need for all countries in the world. In this regard, one of the strategies for a successful experience of developed countries based on knowledge-based economy has led to the formation and development of the science and technology corridors. Science and technology corridor is the coordinated and coherent set of universities, science and technology parks, research centers and in a geographic region with a centralized management structure and the particular legal for knowledge based products and services. In this paper, the requirements for the formation of the science and technology corridors will be discussed. The main components of science and technology corridors are: national innovation system, science and technology parks, universities and research centers, venture capital and entrepreneurship, human capital, special infrastructure, market, high technology firms and proximity to urban areas. As long as the country does not acquire these requirements, access to science and technology corridor and the knowledge economy would be impossible.

Different researches have emphasized the role of science and Technology Parks in regional development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of scientific and technological town on local economic development. The paradigm of this research is quantitative and our objective is practical implemented by correlation method. Statistical population of survey contains all companies in Isfahan STP and 75 companies were estimated as the sample size using Cochran formula and the samples were selected randomly. The main tool of research was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and reliability of research confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.85). The results showed that the most important the effect of STP on local economic development is the development of marketing services and improving economic situation of the company, the increased level of service is another effect. The exploratory factor analysis was utilized in the classification of effects and the results showed that five factors are accounted for 58/37%of features and the effects of STP. These effects include the production-market (31/02%), capital investments (7/49%), service (7/29%), education-counseling (7/11%), and communication (5/35%).

In modern world, most countries tend to increase their efficiency and improve their economic status relying on innovation. One of the important centers for doing innovative activities are tenant companies in incubators located in Science and Technology Parks. Therefore the aim of this research is to identify and rank effective factors improving innovation in companies in Yazd Science and Technology Park (YSTP). In order to identify effective indexes on improving innovation, update articles have been studied and expert's ideas in the field of technology were used from which thirty seven indexes were confirmed by experts. After designing questioners out of available indexes and content and face validity confirmation by experts, questioners were distributed among the managers and staffs of companies in YSTP. 200 questioners were corrected completely and achieved data were analyzed by Fuzzy Topsis Technique. Based on this, thirty seven indexes in questioners were ranked in terms of their importance regarding given responses by companie's managers and staffs. Earning knowledge and new information and accessibility of advanced technologies were identified as the most important effective factors in improving innovation in companies in YSTP incubators.

Entrepreneurship is the stimulus engine of economic development, creating occupation and reforming society. Entrepreneurship is a process to create an employment and make profit from valuable combination of sources. Entrepreneur is a person who commits to run and accepts the risks of economic activity. Entrepreneurs undertake an important role in the movement of economic development cycles and are considered as the source of huge breakthroughs in industrial, productive and service fields throughout organizations. Financing is, therefore, one of the most important challenges or business obstacles faced by entrepreneurs. The purpose of this research is to study the quadruplet methods of financing entrepreneurial projects in Mazandaran province. Statistical society consists of 141 entrepreneurs with 110 persons selected as a sample. Then by collecting the required data and using a questionnaire with standard components and reliability coefficient of 79%, the quadruplet hypotheses have been tested. The findings have shown that all four methods of financial supply have been considered by the entrepreneurs, each of them with their special intensity and weakness. From this point of view the personal capital has been in the first priority and the methods of loan, shares, and internal sources in the subsequent priorities. In addition, the entrepreneurs studied have less knowledge of the different and various methods of financial supply and have considered only the methods that have been common in our society and use all of them generally. Finally it has been concluded that it is necessary to carry out some innovations in this respect and other methods of financial methods should be applied.

The main goal of this article is rating and scoring the importance of main elements over implementation of e-procurement in organizations (Case Study: Iranian Islamic Republic Railways). For Scoring and rating the elements, we used the statistical methods of Friedman test and Kruskal-Wallis test (test H), and Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP). Here we used two methods to rate the elements over e-procurement adoption; The statistical processes and the AHP or Analytical Hierarchy Process. Also, in this study two kinds of questionnaire are used and designed, likert and AHP. Likert questionnaire is completed by 97 persons among Iranian Railways experts, managers and senior managers having BA 70% and MA, 19%. The statistical processes result showed that most effectiveness elements over e-procurement adoption in I.I.R.R are "Organization" as the first factor ranked score 4.0585, "Technology" as the second factor ranked score 3.7807 and "Environment" is the third factor ranked score 3.6968 respectively. AHP questionnaire is completed by 24 managers and senior managers of I.I.R.R and its results are similar to Fridman and Kruskal-Wallis "Organization" is the first ranked score 0.389, "Technology" is the second ranked 0.378 and "Environment" is the third factor ranked 0.233 which are the most important factors in e-procurement adoption in I.I.R.R respectively.

A survey of relationship between organizational intelligence and entrepreneurship in manufacturing companies of Gilan province is the purpose of this research. Entrepreneurship is a process which leads to creating satisfaction or new demand consisting of the process of value creation from composing of a unique collection of resources in order to take advantage of the opportunities. According to importance of the subject and purpose of the research, this investigation is a description of correlation. Statistical community research contains managers of manufacturing companies of Gilan province, which in 1391, 119 people were chosen among 207 managers of manufacturing companies by random sampling method. For data collection, Albrkht organizational intelligence questionnaires and Robbins entrepreneurship were utilized. After confirmation of validity assessment of the questionnaires through final and content methods, by Grunbakh alpha (a=0.87), the obtained information was analyzed with descriptive statistical calculations and inferential statistics (pearson's correlation coefficient). The results collected demonstrate that there is a meaningful relationship between all components of organizational intelligence (strategic insight, shared fate, willingness to change, assertiveness and courage, alliance and agreement, application of knowledge and push performance) and entrepreneurship components (creativity, risk disclosure, independence, impulse, determination and will power and belief in sacred things). It seems that for manufacturing development, companies should create interaction between labors as organizational intelligence capital and smart tools in addition to upgrading intelligent manufacturing tools as well as noticing to technology.

The master key of the world today is the creation of value. The entry approach to the today’s business world is technology and the master key of the technology is commercialization and value added created by it. Commercialization is the conversion process of the new technologies to the commercially successful products. Commercialization is containing different arrays of technical, commercial and financial process which converts the new technology into the useful products or services. In other word, commercialization of research findings is the link between technology and market and the focus of it is on the end rings of value chain. Since delivering a product to the market can be the guarantee of organization success and survival, commercialization, the technical knowledge is known as a vital factor. In research organizations, research doesn’t have meaning without product commercialization. Because producing or testing an idea seems useless without access to the product special customers. In order to apply the concept of commercialization in organizations, it’s necessary to be familiar with the commercialization models. A classification of commercialization models are classified into two categories: linear and functional. Due to the importance of linear models, in this article after checking the concept of commercialization, we will check the most important commercial linear models. The linear models are the Goldsmith, Kokobu, Cooper, Rothwell & Zegfeld model, Andrew & Sirkin, Jolley, and the Yeong–Deok Lee models.

Of all the aspects of management of technological innovation (MTI), innovation strategy is the most challenging. Appropriate MTI, leads to value delivery, sustaining competitiveness, profit making, refreshing working environments, maintaining and retaining productive labor. Successful MTI occurs solely when a broad set of elements and organizational activities are well managed and integrated within innovation strategy of organization. Firms can be very good at the various activities involved in MTI, such as R&D or operations, but this accounts for little unless it is supported by a well-grounded innovation strategy that guides firms’ choices, prioritizations, and sequences. One of the concepts in the field of innovation strategy is innovative capabilities. Innovative capabilities are defined as bundles and patterns of skills used by firms to formulate and implement an innovation strategy involving the creation, extension, and modification of those resources and skills used for innovation. In each phase of the innovation strategy formulation, different tools may be used. Choosing the right tool depends on various criteria. Some of the criteria are as follows: Is firm new or well established, large or small, centralized or dispersed in its organization, deals in simple or complex products and services, operates within well-defined or uncertain technological and market circumstances, with a major or minor impact on society, safety, and the environment. In the article, using an integrated approach of innovative method and innovative decision-making method based on engineering technical innovation, and innovative capabilities, right tools in each phase of innovative capabilities, which finally leads to strategy formulation, is recognized. Some of the most practical tools are SWOT analysis and Delphi.