دو ماهنامه دانشور رفتار
پیاپی 45 (اسفند 1389)

This study surveys existing and desirable condition for achieving common ideals from viewpoint of Isfahan’s education experts and managers. This is descriptive survey. Statistical population is all managers, deputies, and experts of Isfahan Education offices. Statistical population is 1539 persons. Seven districts including district 2, district 3, district 4, Jey Area, Najafabad, Shahreza, and Kashan were selected among 40 educational zones by random sampling. 126 persons were selected by sample size estimation method and stratified sampling proportional to size. Data gathering tools were semi-structured interview and made questionnaire. In order to prepare basic study and design the questionnaire, managers, deputies, and experts of Isfahan Education districts 2 and 3 were interviewed. In order to evaluate validity of questionnaire, its questions were surveyed by 6 faculty members of University of Isfahan. Based on information achieved from interview and researches of other researches, there were 22 clos-ended questions and one open-ended question. Questionnaire reliability in existing and desirable condition were respectively 0.88 and 0.94 according to Cronbach’s Alpha. Findings showed that observed t is more than table critical number in one percent error level. So, existing and desirable solutions in this study are effective for achieving common ideal more than average level. Findings resulted from interview and open question showed that “atittude change in education office high-level managers and officials towards importance of strategic educational planning” is most important solution for achieving common ideal. Also, findings indicated that observed f in/p≤0.05 level was not meaningful. Therefore, there is no meaningful difference between contributors’ ideas based on demographic factors, sex, work experience, and position considering common ideal achievement. But based on results of Yuki Test, there was meaningful difference in their ideas based on academic degree.

This study tries to emprically measure youngsters’ available assets concepts (economic, social and cultural assets) and occupational identities and survey the relation between these concepts and their components and youngsters’ occupational identites. In this study, Marshia Theory was used for providing theoretical framework for occupational identity measurement concept. For measurement of social asset, combination of Bordio, Lynne, Colman, Putnam, and Fokoyama ideas was applied. Bordio cultural reproduction theory was used for cultural asset measurement. Dellas identity status inventory occupation scale (DISI-O) was applied for measuring occupational identity concept. Statistical population was all youngsters with an age from 15 year old to 27 year old. For determination of sample size, we used Cochran formula and the result was 384. Type of sampling was quota stratified. Of study main hypotheses, the relation between social asset and occupational identity was approved. Among social asset components, the relation between social confidence and support and occupational identity was meaningful. Among cultural asset components, the relation between visualized and institutionalized cultural asset and occupational identity was approved. Among field variables of the study, the relation between age and score average, and occupational identity was significant while the relation between sex and occupational identity was not meaningful. At the end, results were compared to results of other studies and some suggestions were offered.

The purpose was study of relationship between thinking styles and self-esteem among high school and pre-university girl students. For conducting the study, 200 students contributed in the survey by completing Sternberg-Wagner thinking styles- function dimension (1991) and self-esteem scale (Rosenberg, 1965). Indicators and statistical methods including mean, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression analysis were used for statistical analysis of data. Findings showed that in general, 72 percent of variance related to self-esteem is explained by thinking styles variable and its components (R=72%) and effect coefficient of administrative thinking style (β=2.35) as well as effect coefficient of creative thinking style (β=1.14) according to t statistics show that these variables can predict changes related to self-esteem with 0.99 confidence. Also, predictive regression coefficient indicated that judicial thinking style cannot meaningfully explain variance related to student's self-esteem (Sig>0.001). By increase of self-esteem, students have more tendency for creative and administrative thinking styles and less for judicial one.

The purpose of this study was survey of effectiveness of group consultation based on its genesis resources on high school girl's self-esteem increase rate in Tehran. Statistical population was all high school girl students in Tehran 6th district, 24 students were selected by random method and categorized in two groups of experimental (12 persons) and control (12 persons). Experimental group attended in 14 group consultation sessions based on its genesis resources during four months.At the end, post-test was taken from both groups and study instrument was Pope's self-esteem questionnaire. Covariance analysis test and t-test results showed that group consultation based on its genesis resources cause increase of self-esteem (in 0.001 level) in subjects. So, group consultation based on its genesis resources is appropriate method for increase of self-esteem and confidence in teenagers.

This study was conducted aimed to survey internet addiction prevalence rate among Orumiyeh universitie's students and examine the relation between addiction to internet and student's anxiety and their major. For this, 330 students (167 boys and 163 girls) from Orumiyeh universities were randomly selected based on multi-stage cluster sampling and simultaneously answered to internet-bank addiction and Najjarian et al questionnaires. Statistical tests, abundance percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, multi-variable regression analysis, and single way variance analysis and Scheffe test were applied for data analysis. Results showed that internet addiction prevalence rate is 16.36 among students and extreme addiction among boys (85.2) is more than girls (14.8) and among technical and science majors (90.7) is more than art and human science majors (9.3). Internet addictedusers (85.2) had more anxiety and stress in comparison with non-users (27.8).Also, meaningful difference was achieved in stress rate within four groups of non-user, ordinary user, danger-exposed user, and internet-addicted user while stress rate among internet-addicted users was significantly more than other three groups.Multi-variable regression results indicated that variables of sex, anxiety, and student's major can meaningfully predict addiction to internet (P > 0.005).

This survey was conducted aimed to compare marital satisfaction among mental-retarded and ordinary children's teachers in Sabzevar in 2008-2009 academic year. This research was of cause-comparison type.For this, married male and female teachers in mental-retarded and ordinary student schools (60 persons in ordinary student group and 60 persons in mental-retarded student group) were studied. Enrich questionnaire was used for data gathering related to marital satisfaction. Data analysis showed that there is no meaningful difference between the two groups of teachers in marital satisfaction. Mental-retarded student school teacher's scores were lower than ordinary ones only in conflict solving sub-scale. In other words, ordinary school teachers had less marital conflicts than mental-retarded student school teachers. Also, there was no meaningful difference between the two groups in marital satisfaction rate based on age, years of services, and sex. Result was that marital satisfaction was not different in two groups. In other words, working with mental-retarded children cause decrease in marital satisfaction of these children's teachers in comparison to teachers of ordinary children.

This research was done aiming to compare mental health of Masal, Shanderman, and Rezvanshahr students. 300 girl and boy high school students were selected as sample group by multi-stage cluster sampling. GHQ-28 questionnaire having four sub-scales including body symptoms, anxiety, insufficient social action, and depression, was used for screening and determination of above-mentioned disorders prevalence rate. Results showed that 14.3 of examined teenagers had lack of mental health and girls had less mental health than boys. There was meaningful difference between boys and girls in anxiety and insufficient action and girls had more anxiety and higher insufficient social action. Prevalence rate of anxiety and insufficient action among teenagers were respectively 16.7 and 17 percent. Depression with 14.3 percent and body symptoms with 15.3 percent was common among studied teenagers but meaningful difference was not observed between boys and girls.

The main feature of current era is change and organizations cannot evade innovation in order to answer contemporary changes and challenges. This fact absorbs management science researchers and manager's interest to social asset theory as a key and effective factor in improvement of organization performance level and creation of competitive advantage. This study surveys the relation between social asset and its dimensions (structural, relational, and perceptional) and tendency towards innovation, and also determines relative share of each dimension in prediction of tendency to innovation. Research methodology was descriptive- correlation type. Statistical population was all of staffs of University of Tehran, 308 persons were selected as the sample. In order to collect the data, two structured questionnaires (social asset and tendency to innovation) were used. Descriptive and deductive statistical methods such as correlation analysis and step-by-step regression analysis were applied for data analysis. Results showed that there is meaningful and positive relation between social asset and its dimensions on one hand, and tendency to innovation on the other hand.Also, structural and relational dimensions of social asset predict tendency to innovation while perceptional aspect cannot be an appropriate one for prediction of innovation trend.

This study was conducted aiming to survey role of feeling of energy in relation of evolution leadership with staff contribute in work creativity. Statistical population was employees and staffs of Hier Company who were 525 persons (2009 summer). 332 employees were selected for contribution in the study by quota stratified sampling. Research instruments were 8-question feeling-of-energy questionnaire, 22-question evolution leadership questionnaire, and 9-question creativity-at-work questionnaire. The data were analyzed through Pearson correlation analysis, structural equations modeling, and intermediate regression analysis. Correlation analysis results indicated that there is meaningful and positive relation between feeling of energy, and evolution leadership and creativity at work (P< 0.01).Results of structural equations modeling approved model of study based on evolution leadership influence on feeling of energy in employees and then influence of feeling of energy on creativity at work. Intermediate regression analysis showed that feeling of energy at work plays role of intermediate variable between evolution leadership and creativity at work. At this research, creativity is measured in form of self-reporting as a limitation and all of research questionnaires were answered at the same time. Suggestion based on study results is that evolution leadership skills should be trained to managers and supervisors during to training workshops.

This research was done in order to explain relation of organizational citizenship behavior and social asset and determination of relative share for each dimension of organizational citizenship behavior. The methodology was descriptive- correlation type and statistical population was all of experts in University of Tehran (1513 persons) in 2008-2009 academic year, 308 of them were selected by Krejcie and Morgan Table (1970). Podsakoff Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire (Corronbach’s Alpha= 769/0)and social asset structured questionnaire (Corronbach’s Alpha= /0809) were used for data gathering. In order to data analysis, Pearson correlation analysis (r) and step-by-step regression analysis (R) were applied. Analysis results indicated that there is meaningful and positive relation between organizational citizenship behavior and its dimensions (altruism, social customs, conscience at work, politeness, and chivalry) and social asset. Also, findings showed that altruism, social customs, conscience at work, and politeness respectively explain 0.157, 0.115, 0.156, and 0.133 of social asset while chivalry is not good predictor for social asset.

Nowadays, employees’ welfare is at the first priorities by recognition of importance of available knowledge within organization’s intelligence asset. This type of asset is so various and dynamic in comparison with traditional assets. So, recruitment, employment, and retention of employees have become a challenge for managers. One of main questions in managers’ mind is that how to behave in order to be effective. Considering the importance of managers’ role as main factor for creation of employees’ commitment and contribution, the purpose of this study is identification of effective behaviors for managers. Questions of this research include: 1- what behaviors define management care? and 2- what model can be designed for management care behaviors? In this study, manager’s care behaviors are identified based on theoretic and experimental bases of care and management care field model is provided. This model can be an instrument for selection and reinforcement of managers and evaluation of organizational environment in order to creation of powerful field for knowledge generation and innovation.

In this research, epistemological bases of constructivism appraoch is surveyed in four aspects: nature and concept, principles, goals and methods of academic achievement valuation. Research methodology was analytic-documentary. In order to obtain data required for answering study questions, all documents available and related to the subject were gathered and analyzed using data gathering form. Main finding of this research include: some of most important epistemological bases of constructivism appraoch for valuation of academic achievement could be offered in two section of teaching (what is related to teacher) and learning (what is related to student). Valuation and measurement of students’ learning is realistic or original considering constructivism appraoch of valuation and measurement. This valuation is continuous and entangled with methodology adopted for curriculum content suggestion. Main principles of academic achievement valuation include: free target valuation, texture-derivative valuation, construction of knowledge, consideration to knowledge as an integrated general, emphasis on role of previous knowledge, empirical structures (process versus product). Main goal in education is based on constructivism and reinforcement of individuals who believe themselves in creation of knowledge and believe that knowledge is objective existance which is not outside of them. This epistemological vision grows persons who can more generate their knowledge through problem solving. Constructivism-based academic achievement valuation methods are as follows: performance measurement, valuation of learning during teaching and learning opportunities, measurement or work folder, self-measurement, dynamic evaluation, and multi-dimension evaluation.

This research surveys and examines woman nature approaches in Nahjolbalaghe and their educational implications using documentary analysis. Statistical population is all letters and speeches available in Nahjolbalaghe as first hand resources and conducted researches as second hand resources. Sampling is done targeted and “characteristics and nature of woman and its educational implications” in above-mentioned resources is surveyed using documentary analysis. Note taking is the study instrument and findings are analyzed. Main findings include: researchers have chosen one of these four approaches on nature of woman based on their thought: 1- wickedness of woman: if suppose wickedness of woman as natural and personal, she should be held away from education so that science which is strong tools is not applied towards her wickedness. So, teaching right is robbed from woman. 2- shortage and defect of woman: if this type of thought is accepted, natural limitation of women compared to men and sexual inequalities in education is justified. 3- equality of men and women in all areas (some of feminist groups): this idea apparently removes many sexual limitations and inequalities in educations but it is against Nahjolbalaghe instructions because many phisiologic and natural features of women are ignored and leads to female excess within education and eventually ends with collaps of family foundation. 4- equality of woman with man in honor and perfection and difference in roles and characteristics. This viewpoint opens new horizons in women education. Finally, fourth viewpoint is selected and its educational implications are examined.

This study explains similarities and differences of hope defined by Quran viewpoint and by speeches with positivist psychology using descriptive-analytic method. Hope meaning achievement to goal accompanied by effort, goal as main and key component of hope, and designing the affairs for achieving desirable goals, are similarity aspects. Also, divine ideology against individual ideology, dynamic and model-designing theory against neutral and non-value-oriented theory and comprehensive methods against objective methods are difference aspects. Study results states that hope in education from viewpoint of Quran and Islamic instructions are more comprehensive than pessimistic and positivist psychology.

Survey of scientists and philosophers, specially those who are from rich and ancient culture of Iran, can lead to significant and useful results in education. Its most important result is lack of need to imported cultures and approaches which have colonial goals with themselves. In this study, ideas and instructions from Molana is surveyed and examined. Methodology in this research is analytic-deductive. For this, position of mind in Molana’s masnavi is explained. Role and influence of mind in human education is surveyed and then its implications is deducted from Molana’s philosophic theories. Findings shows that Molana believes in two types of mind. He is opposite of slight mind while knows general mind as base of human evolution and recognizes its role in education undeniable. Educational implications were offered in principles, goals, and method frameworks. Basic purpose in mind education is achievement to general mind and approaching to God while its average-level goal is thinking and focus on universe and reinforcement of slight and obtainable mind. Its educational principles include: thinking and ponder, purification of character, authority of will, responsibility, consideration of individual differences in perception rate, need to follow the leader and guide, self-explore and self-measurement, consultation and sympathy, and importance of experience. Its resulted educational methods are: active inquiry, affection and lovemaking, spritual conduct or self-mortification, obedience and respect to instructor and professor, research method, observation and surveillance, as well as solitude and isolation

This survey examines influence of cognitive consultation techniques education to incompatible couples on family function improvement. This study was semi-imprical and single-subject research based on designation of several basic lines. Statistical population was couples refering to Farhangsaraye Javan consultation center in 2009. Using targeted sampling, four couples were selected and they were evaluated weekly before and after education using family assessment device (FAD) questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed by diagram drawing method. Results showed that couples’ score mean in post-test in sub-scales of problem solving, communication, roles, emotional companionship, as well as emotional association and behavior control have been decreased compared to pretest. Therefore, education of cognitive consultation techniques improves family function in incompatible couples.

For surveying Tehran citizens’ viepoints on ideal spouse parameters and indeces, surveying research was applied by a structured questionnaire for 812 citizens of Tehran. Results showed that criteria such as age, religiosity, sociability, physical and mental health, sobriety, being employed, type of occupation, income rate, social position, relative relation, having the same religion, having the same race, social position of spous’s family, economic position of spous’s family, and religiosity of spous’s family were more important criteria. Among these parameters, physical and mental health, sociability, sobriety, and religiosity are most important ones. Beauty and education degree had average importance and they believed that having the same home city is not important in selection of spouse at all. Also, sex, activity type, marital status, and education degree had meaningful accordance with their sight on many or some of ideal spouse parameters.

This research studies quality of atmosphere dominant on brother-sister relation of offsprings in Isfahan families. This is descriptive research and statistical population is all 15-25 year old single offsprings in Isfahan Province. After statistical estimation and determination of required sample, 220 families were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling and considered sample was chosen from single offsprings. Research instrument were index of brother-sister relation (IBR) questionnaire which was provided by Walter, Hudson, Gordon MacNeiland Walmir and have had appropriate validity and reliability in previous researches. In order to data statistical analysis, descriptive and deductive analysis methods such as cut point, t-test, comparison of two independent groups’ mean, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) F test were used. Main findings of the study include: 47.8% of family offsprings in Isfahan did not describe brother-sister relation appropriate and desirable. Calculated t in level of P≤ 0.05 showed meaningful difference in description of atmosphere dominant on brother-sister relation described by boys and girls. Boys have described this atmosphere more inappropriate and undesirable than girls and this difference is statistically meaningful. Calculated F in level of P≤ 0.05 did not show meaningful difference between families offsprings’ comments on atmosphere dominant on brother-sister relation based on variable of location of life. F calculated in level of P≤ 0.05 explained meaningful difference between families offsprings’ comments on atmosphere dominant on brother-sister relation based on variable of age.