فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگی اجتماعی خراسان
سال هفتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 27، بهار 1392)

This research work is an attempt to introduce Ayatollah Mohammad Hussein Ayati as a religious erudite and Shiite poet impressed by luminous verses of Holy Quran and also under the effects of Prophet Mohammad and wholly Imams sayings (peace be upon Him). First of all in this present paper the statues، conditions and works، stylistic characteristics and the application of figures of speech of Mohammad Hussein Ayati Birjandi poems were presented. Then in continue، the methods and types under the effects of Quran and Hadiths، its goals of the applications of Quran and Hadith، the molded applicable encouraging goals of them، the applications of Quran and Hadith from their analogy، semantic and simulative goals of the applications from Quran and Hadith’s in writing of Tumbling Pearl has been considered. At the concluding part of this article، poems and verses had been drown out which in composing of them the poet were in any way under the influence of Quran’s luminous verses and the Prophet Mohammad and Imam›s Hadiths and for the multiplicity of the formentioned verses، some exemplars of these poems were selected in accompany with the said Quran verses and Hadiths.

From the far past، the issue of security had been one of the greatest concern of human beings to the extent that some social studies scholars believed that the social security issue has been one of the reasons of the ignorance of human relating to the issue of liberty topic، and natural life plus acceding to social life. Based on the Copenhagen school، the social security is an abstract issue. In other words، mentality of people living in a human community shapes the definition of security and the way it’s ensuring. So، in establishing the social security، mentality of two characters is so important، first the one person who uses this social security and seconds the one person who plays a role in this security. It seems that this issue can be generalized regarding the border securities categories. It means that the mentality of frontiers and operators of social security can be crucial in defining and providing social security. Based on the police office’s annul reports، despite its adjacency with the borders of Afghanistan and Sistan and Baluchestan province، Southern Khorasan province is one of the safest provinces in Iran especially in border security issues. The writers of this research in response to the reason of this issue (question)، has defined their theory like this:» it seems that there is a meaningful relationship between constant security border، frontiers tribal mentality and our province›s security border providers. In other words، there is a kind of meaningful relation between the mentality of these two characters relating to the definition of the security، weakness points of security and solutions to social security improvements». This article، with the use of Copenhagen School based on the surveying method (questionnaire)، selects its sample volume from the community of different tribal people living in various regions of this province and then makes a questioning about it. The obtained results from analyzing the data demonstrate the proof of the alleged research hypothesis and it means that there is a meaningful relationship between tribal people›s mentality and the social security operators of province in the issue of social security.

Passion play has bestowed significant values to the collection of Iran’s literature and art which the appearance of first forms of written dramatic literature، the manifestation of the forms and methods of special performance and rhetoric in theater art or dramatic arts، and preserving and persistence of positions and music hints in Iran›s traditional and national music are among the examples of these significant values. Although for some reasons music tuned by instrument in passion play wasn’t so prevalent; but the sing music at least traversed its developmental path from Qajar era to onward. Tragedians in passion plays performed their roles in a best way by being so familiar with the knowledge of Iranian traditional music. One of the main points which are being noticed very little in Shabih، (the religious theater in Iran including passion play or the tragedy Shabih or comic Shabih) has been the recording and maintaining of traditional sing music based on geographical performances in various parts of the country. In this article from the course of inspecting the theoretical principles of research، the full melody of “the passion play of the martyrdom of Ali Akbar Excellency” has been thoroughly considered on the base of the performance of Sarkhong’s passion play group from the view of performed sings. The performance of sing music of this passion play has been in musical melody with turnings of sounds in Bayat Turk، Shoor، Afshari، Dashti، Homayooun، Chahrgah، Segah، and Mahoor.

The book Baharestan by Hajji shekh Mohammad Hussein Ayati was written about the outstanding religious، scientific، cultural and political characters of the Ghohistan region from the past to author’s present time. In this article، Baharestan has been evaluated from descriptive-analytic method on the base of the pivots of criticism and inspections of books (external and internal criticism). Despite the author›s enormous efforts to write a well reasoned out work، about characters and events of Ghohistan، spending lots of time، and in spite of using numerous resources; this book also has some errors and with a critical viewpoint، we can make the best use of it. Author hasn’t made the optimum use of all important geographic sources and he also has ascribed some characters to Ghohistan by mistake and in some cases without any reasonable bases، he has inserted some lengthy quotations from recent sources. Also regarding the conquest of Ghohestan، no use was seen in book relating to some authentic sources and has exaggerated in describing the biography of some of Ghohestan’s outstanding characters. The cited sepulchers in this book have been mostly based on seen generosities of them، and have not been evaluated and noticed by the author from the virtue of the important precedin sources. The matters of fourth section of this book are mentioned in detail، but in precise wording and precious value which indeed has lots of value and the author by composing of this book has preserved some of the luminous figures and permanent individuals of Southern Khorasan.

The country of Iran for its special geographical position and resting in dry climate continuously has been in exposure of enemies› invasion and to periodical drought and famine. In fact Iran›s special geographical situation of natural obstacles، climate condition، and the other climate characteristics had been caused that country to be divided to the several totally different parts and because of this division، in many cases these districts had been isolated from each other and so in critical occasions they weren’t able to back each other. The absence of the fast and cheap transportation roads had caused many problems and exchanging of the verities of goods especially grains and other nutrition between these different provinces and states of Iran were in a permanent difficulties and consequently produced negative effects on the other parts of economical and social sections of the country. Meanwhile following the First World War in which the whole parts of Iran was surrounded by Russia and England governments and this period was in coincidence with the time in which whole of the country suffered obvious drought due to the small amount or lake of rainfalls and had caused people throughout of Iran to be in difficult situation of life to pass. The studies conducted in historical aspects of views and specially based on unpublished documents demonstrate that in this period all of these problems which had been accompanied by political، social and economical disturb of war and the verities of natural and humanity disasters which in some period of times has caused drought and famine and then the presence of alien troops also increased the tense of worst situation and as a result the great famine was appeared throughout the nation in the years of 1917-1919. This existing research gathered its information based on the Iran’s National Archives unpublished documents plus diplomatic historical document centre of foreign ministry to research and inspect scientifically and historically the famine and its misfortunes and then to explain and analyze each role of its primary and secondary factors specially the presence of Russian armed forces in Iran to specify the degree of famine from them in this country.

Cooperatives train individuals for mutual cooperation and solidarity creation i. e. social aspects and also for friendship behaviors and economical i. e. economic aspects. The social goal of the cooperative system is to train people for a better life with appropriate and honorable social relations and its activities lead people to faith، confidence، and consistency. In existing article، the effects of agricultural production cooperatives on social statues of the family members of the county of Khoosf have been inspected. This research is pragmatic according to its goal; and is descriptive analytic according to its nature. For achieving these purposes، we have used all methods in two approaches of library and circular. The statistical population of the research is 1286 people which are the Khoosf›s production member›s cooperatives. The sampling volume was specified with the use of Cochran and based on probability sampling in the way of classification in which in each class we have a casual selection. The sampling volume discovered based on Cochran method was 295 people through which 273 questionnaires was sent back. The data collected through questionnaires، was surveyed and analyzed with the use of SPSS16 statistic software. Results achieved by the T test analyzed showed that Cooperatives Company wasn’t effective in improving social situation. The increasing in social interactions in comparison with rank ordered average was 2. 31 which had the most effectiveness.

The prevalent Persian speech in Southern Khorasan is one of the standard dialects of Farsi which is spoken in Iran›s capital، Tehran. Many linguists believe that Persian language derived from some eastern or north east dialects in first or second century Hegira in an unknown period. Therefore linguistic studies of the eastern Iran’s dialects like the dialect of South Khorasan have a very perfect importance in illustrating the historical records of Farsi language structure. But unfortunately not so much research has been done in this field. The existing article is a kind of corpus based research. And we will consider and study the five temporary phonetic changes in Persian spoken in southern khorasan. These five changes include: the change of ân/âm to un/um or on/om or ōm، the aggravation of consonant after the omission of the vowel before it. The changes in prefix of ho- and e- and the big changes in consonant clusters and mediate consonants. The first two changes in Tehran›s Farsi speech happens rarely. But the third and forth foresaid changes happen never in Tehran›s Farsi spoken language. In this article we have tried to consider the historical background of these changes. So the writers of this article try with considering some historical evidence which is found on ancient Persian literature to illustrate historical background of some of these phonetic changes to the readers. In other word these phonetic changes will be examined only as a corpus of the study in two sects of South Khorasan’s quatrains with the names of «The Mistress Poem» and “Sadness Poem”.