فصلنامه مدیریت بحران و وضعیت های اضطراری
پیاپی 18-19 (زمستان 1391 و بهار 1392)

Security crises are among the most critical crises that can lead to turbulence in a country that suffered. Following the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, many factors and conditions arose which could create various security crises. One of such important crises the Iraqi imposed war. This study is based on the qualitative research method and the obtained data have analyzed using the content analysis procedure. The data were acquired through interviews with experts as well as surveying the written resources including articles, books and other documents, particularly those of Imam Khomeini (rah.). To develop a theoretical framework, first, crisis and the stages of crises were reviewed and, then, the importance and necessity of security from the viewpoint of Islam and Imam Khomeini (rah.) were evaluated and the theoretical and practical views on security crises Imam Khomeini (rah.) were discussed. Finally, providing a conceptual model based on the case study of the Imposed war, this crisis was examined and Imam Khomeini (rah.) management strategy based on the proposed model we described. The posed questions are answered at the end.

During the time of peace, the capabilities and potentials of the armed forces are naturally utilized in non-military affairs including relief operations following incidents and natural disasters. Evaluation of the performance and preparedness of military units under such conditions is highly important and can help discover their weaknesses and overcome them. Karbala 25 Division has been actively involved in dealing with crises and in relief efforts during natural disasters, especially floods. The present study seeks to answer this question: To what extent is this division ready in terms of equipment, monetary recourses and human resources? A sample of 80 subjects was selected from the population and their views were obtained and analyzed. The results showed that Karbala 25 Division has been successful in carrying out its entrusted missions to manage natural disasters in Golestan province. However, it needs to be improved and upgraded in terms of structure, and to maintain its preparedness for future incidents, it needs to be provided with enough monetary recourses so that it can improve its equipment and human resources.

In all security crises, setting is a significant issue for crisis makers and crisis management system in one way or another. Crisis makers seek to impose their demands on the crisis management system taking advantage of all the potentials in a particular setting. On the other hand, the crisis management system attempts to get things under control, prevent the crisis makers from achieving their goals and make them surrender to legal measures using all their potentials, of course, spending the least amount of money and considering the legitimacy of their measures from the viewpoint of the observers. At first, the crisis management system feels obliged to play in the field designed by crisis makers. However, in some cases, using a little forethought, one can change the setting of the game by choosing a location and other measures and make the crisis makers give up their demands with the minimum cost. The present article deals with one of such crisis scenes in Iran and the investigations show that crisis management system has such a capability to change the setting of the game.

Today’s manager is increasingly expected to make decisions based on paradigms that depart from traditional rationality and information processing models. This is particularly so under crisis conditions, where there is little time and information available for choice consideration. While the management literature has recently seen more empirical and theoretical support for intuition and tacit knowledge in the decision process, the role of emotion has not played a prominent role. This article advances management decision theory by proposing a conceptual model of managerial decision-making that underscores the role of emotions in an intuitive decision process under crisis conditions. The article holds particular salience to human resource managers, as they are the custodians of decisions made about people in the organization. These decisions, by definition, carry much weight in both ethical and financial terms, and their importance is magnified immeasurably under crisis conditions.

Public inquiries and hearings are investigations concluded by governmentally mandated bodies to assess important social issues. Public hearings and inquiries are important aspects of the life history of many organizationally-based crises, and sensemaking about technological risks and crises is an important feature of inquiry discourse and documents. The article discusses the important role that public inquiries play in the crisis management process. To accomplish these objectives, the article reviews key features of public inquiries that have been documented in the scholarly literature. Next, the article discusses the different perspective or approaches that have been used to study crisis sensemaking during public inquiries. The article also describes the findings that this research has reproduced. Next, the article indicates impotent issues in crisis sensemaking during public in inquiries that could be fruitfully explored in future investigations. The article concludes by addressing practical implications for mangers that this research provides regarding crisis sensemaking.